S. S. Kargbo, F. Showemimo, J. Porbeni, P. Akintokun
The experiment was aimed at assessing the response of 30 rice genotypes to different levels of salinity using NaCl concentration as salt stress at early seedling stage under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design for two years. The 30 rice genotypes evaluated for root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, seedling biomass and shoot/root length ratio. The four salinity treatments/levels (0, 4, 6 and 12 dS/m) significantly affected the response of the 30 rice genotypes for all the traits evaluated. The interaction between salinity treatments and the genotypes was significant for all traits except fresh root weight, shoot length and dry shoot weight. The genotypic response revealed reduction in performance as the salinity level increases for all the traits, 10 genotypes were tolerant at all salinity levels. The most affected seedling trait due to salinity stress was seedling biomass at 6 dS/m (54.84%) and was expressed by genotype IR29 (susceptible check), followed by ROK 24 at 12 dS/m (54.43%). Eight rice genotypes; CK73, ITA212 (FARO 35), ITA222 (FARO 36), OG0315, OG250315, OW0315, TOG 5681 and Pokkali (Tolerant Check) were classified highly tolerant by both Stress Tolerance Index (SST) and Stress Susceptible Index (SSI), while FARO 61 (NERICA L – 34) and IR72 were moderately tolerant. These rice genotypes have good potentials for further salt tolerance breeding. Keywords: salt stress, genotypes, seedling traits, tolerance index, susceptible index
{"title":"Response of rice genotypes to salinity under hydroponic conditions","authors":"S. S. Kargbo, F. Showemimo, J. Porbeni, P. Akintokun","doi":"10.4314/as.v18i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was aimed at assessing the response of 30 rice genotypes to different levels of salinity using NaCl concentration as salt stress at early seedling stage under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design for two years. The 30 rice genotypes evaluated for root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, seedling biomass and shoot/root length ratio. The four salinity treatments/levels (0, 4, 6 and 12 dS/m) significantly affected the response of the 30 rice genotypes for all the traits evaluated. The interaction between salinity treatments and the genotypes was significant for all traits except fresh root weight, shoot length and dry shoot weight. The genotypic response revealed reduction in performance as the salinity level increases for all the traits, 10 genotypes were tolerant at all salinity levels. The most affected seedling trait due to salinity stress was seedling biomass at 6 dS/m (54.84%) and was expressed by genotype IR29 (susceptible check), followed by ROK 24 at 12 dS/m (54.43%). Eight rice genotypes; CK73, ITA212 (FARO 35), ITA222 (FARO 36), OG0315, OG250315, OW0315, TOG 5681 and Pokkali (Tolerant Check) were classified highly tolerant by both Stress Tolerance Index (SST) and Stress Susceptible Index (SSI), while FARO 61 (NERICA L – 34) and IR72 were moderately tolerant. These rice genotypes have good potentials for further salt tolerance breeding. Keywords: salt stress, genotypes, seedling traits, tolerance index, susceptible index","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79412601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. O. Osita, A. Ani, N. Ikeh, C. Oyeagu, E. A. Akuru, I. E. Ezemagu, V. Udeh
A twelve-week study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep. A total of 12 lambs (6 rams and 6 ewes) were randomly allotted to three treatment diets as follows: treatment I was a high roughage diet with no inclusion of S. cerevisiae ; treatment II was a high roughage diet with 0.75 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of diet; treatment III was a high roughage diet with 1.5 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of diet. The chemical composition of the high roughage diet is as follows: dry matter (89.20%), organic matter (85.87%), crude protein (13.21%), crude fibre (16.40%), ether extract (3.30%), ash (4.33%), nitrogen free extract (51.96%), neutral detergent fibre (45.25%) and acid detergent fibre (26.62%). Each group was made up of four replicates with one sheep serving as a replicate. There were significant ( p 0.05) affected. There were significant ( p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility coefficients values. Based on these results addition of 1.5 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of diet is recommended. Keywords: yeast, ruminant, protein, faeces, fibre
{"title":"Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf Sheep fed high roughage diet containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"C. O. Osita, A. Ani, N. Ikeh, C. Oyeagu, E. A. Akuru, I. E. Ezemagu, V. Udeh","doi":"10.4314/as.v18i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"A twelve-week study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep. A total of 12 lambs (6 rams and 6 ewes) were randomly allotted to three treatment diets as follows: treatment I was a high roughage diet with no inclusion of S. cerevisiae ; treatment II was a high roughage diet with 0.75 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of diet; treatment III was a high roughage diet with 1.5 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of diet. The chemical composition of the high roughage diet is as follows: dry matter (89.20%), organic matter (85.87%), crude protein (13.21%), crude fibre (16.40%), ether extract (3.30%), ash (4.33%), nitrogen free extract (51.96%), neutral detergent fibre (45.25%) and acid detergent fibre (26.62%). Each group was made up of four replicates with one sheep serving as a replicate. There were significant ( p 0.05) affected. There were significant ( p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility coefficients values. Based on these results addition of 1.5 g of S. cerevisiae per kg of diet is recommended. Keywords: yeast, ruminant, protein, faeces, fibre","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89908021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. D. Ibrahim, A.O. Oformata, A. Jirgi, A. Adewumi
The study tried to address optimum production plan for maize-based crop farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. Primary data were collection with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting a total of 133 farm households engaged in maize-based crop production. The results showed that maize-based arable crop production in the study area is predominantly male activity, with a mean age of 37 years. The average household size of the respondents was 5 persons. Majority (86.46%) of the farmers had one form of formal education ranging from tertiary, primary, secondary and adult education. Also, 81.95% of the farmers earned less than ₦100,000 per annum from off-farm activities. An average farmer had 20 years of farming experience and cultivated 1.88 ha of land. Linear programming solution prescribed maize/soybeans on 1.1988 ha and maize/cowpea on 0.0468 ha respectively in the optimum farm plans for the farmers. It also indicated gross margin could be increased from ₦120,122.73 ha −1 in the existing crop production plan to ₦211,555.70 ha −1 in the prescribed optimum crop production plan. It was concluded that production inputs were not optimally utilized and that crop mixtures were in a better competitive position than sole crop to increase the farmers’ income in maize-based crop production systems in Niger State. It was recommended that farmers should produce crop mixtures maize/soybeans and maize/cowpea based on their hectarage allocation as prescribed in the optimum farm plans and that farm advisory services should give attention to optimum cropping patterns towards promoting increased agricultural productivity among farmers. Keywords: linear programming, sole crop, crop mixtures, income
该研究试图解决尼日利亚尼日尔州以玉米为主要作物的农民的最佳生产计划。通过结构化问卷收集原始数据。采用简单随机抽样方法，选取133户以玉米为主要作物生产的农户。结果表明:研究区以玉米为主的耕地作物生产以男性为主，平均年龄为37岁;受访者的平均家庭人数为5人。大多数农民(86.46%)接受过高等、小学、中学和成人教育等一种形式的正规教育。此外，81.95%的农民每年从非农活动中获得的收入不足10万奈拉。农民平均有20年的务农经验，耕地面积为1.88公顷。线性规划方案分别规定玉米/大豆和玉米/豇豆的最优种植面积分别为1.1988 ha和0.0468 ha。它还表明毛利率可以从现有作物生产计划中的120,122.73 ha - 1增加到规定的最佳作物生产计划中的211,555.70 ha - 1。得出的结论是，生产投入没有得到最佳利用，在尼日尔州以玉米为基础的作物生产系统中，混合作物比单一作物具有更好的竞争地位，可以增加农民的收入。建议农民根据最佳农场计划规定的公顷分配种植玉米/大豆和玉米/豇豆混合作物，并建议农场咨询服务应注意最佳种植模式，以促进农民提高农业生产力。关键词:线性规划，单一作物，混合作物，收益
{"title":"Optimum production plan for maize-based crop farmers in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"F. D. Ibrahim, A.O. Oformata, A. Jirgi, A. Adewumi","doi":"10.4314/as.v18i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study tried to address optimum production plan for maize-based crop farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. Primary data were collection with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting a total of 133 farm households engaged in maize-based crop production. The results showed that maize-based arable crop production in the study area is predominantly male activity, with a mean age of 37 years. The average household size of the respondents was 5 persons. Majority (86.46%) of the farmers had one form of formal education ranging from tertiary, primary, secondary and adult education. Also, 81.95% of the farmers earned less than ₦100,000 per annum from off-farm activities. An average farmer had 20 years of farming experience and cultivated 1.88 ha of land. Linear programming solution prescribed maize/soybeans on 1.1988 ha and maize/cowpea on 0.0468 ha respectively in the optimum farm plans for the farmers. It also indicated gross margin could be increased from ₦120,122.73 ha −1 in the existing crop production plan to ₦211,555.70 ha −1 in the prescribed optimum crop production plan. It was concluded that production inputs were not optimally utilized and that crop mixtures were in a better competitive position than sole crop to increase the farmers’ income in maize-based crop production systems in Niger State. It was recommended that farmers should produce crop mixtures maize/soybeans and maize/cowpea based on their hectarage allocation as prescribed in the optimum farm plans and that farm advisory services should give attention to optimum cropping patterns towards promoting increased agricultural productivity among farmers. Keywords: linear programming, sole crop, crop mixtures, income","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87934599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the determinants of adoption of risk management strategies in electronic banking (digital finance) among agro entrepreneurs in Ughelli North local Government area of delta state, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire, administered on 79 respondents using two-stage sampling procedure. The data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and regression analysis. This study showed that 34.0% of the respondents were male while 57.0% of the respondents were female, 39.2% of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41-50 years. The regression result shows that gender, age, marital status, level of education, farming status were all significant factors that influence risk management strategies in electronic banking. Household size, business experience, income and savings were not significant. Also, it was found that constraints faced by agro entrepreneur in adopting these risk management strategies includes the length of time it takes for unsuccessful funds transfer to be returned, the delayed response of banks to issues relating to electronic banking risks, ATM are not readily available and the ones that are, are usually congested resulting to agro entrepreneurs using the ATM at odd hours, amongst others. Proper awareness on these risk management strategies should be given to these rural entrepreneurs, and government should charge banks with the sole responsibility of providing a more secure and coordinated methods of carrying out these activities. Keywords: digital finance, electronic banking risks, ATM and cyber security
{"title":"Determinants of adoption of risk management strategies in electronic banking among agro-entrepreneurs in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"V. Ugwuja, O. Onavwie","doi":"10.4314/as.v18i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the determinants of adoption of risk management strategies in electronic banking (digital finance) among agro entrepreneurs in Ughelli North local Government area of delta state, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire, administered on 79 respondents using two-stage sampling procedure. The data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and regression analysis. This study showed that 34.0% of the respondents were male while 57.0% of the respondents were female, 39.2% of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41-50 years. The regression result shows that gender, age, marital status, level of education, farming status were all significant factors that influence risk management strategies in electronic banking. Household size, business experience, income and savings were not significant. Also, it was found that constraints faced by agro entrepreneur in adopting these risk management strategies includes the length of time it takes for unsuccessful funds transfer to be returned, the delayed response of banks to issues relating to electronic banking risks, ATM are not readily available and the ones that are, are usually congested resulting to agro entrepreneurs using the ATM at odd hours, amongst others. Proper awareness on these risk management strategies should be given to these rural entrepreneurs, and government should charge banks with the sole responsibility of providing a more secure and coordinated methods of carrying out these activities. Keywords: digital finance, electronic banking risks, ATM and cyber security","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91522350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined soil conservation practices in arable crop production among rural farmers in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire and interview schedule. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected from six communities using the simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as the ordinary least square (OLS) analysis. Findings show that more than half (52.5%) were married and 37.5% had formal education. The mean age was 41 years. Types of soil conservative practices used were mulching (51.17%), bush fallowing (59.17), manure application (32.50%), planting indigenous crops (59.17), crop rotation (59.17%), agro-forestry (8.33%), cover cropping (32.50%), intercropping (59.17%), multicropping (58.33%) and shifting cultivation (55.00%), while mulching (x = 75), bush fallowing (x = 0.82), planting of indigenous plants (x = 1.60), and crop rotation (x = 1.58) were adopted. Benefits of soil conservation practices to arable crop farmers were improved soil structure (16.67%), protection of soil from erosion and nutrients loses (16.67%) among others. The major constraint to the use of soil conservation practices in arable crop production was unfavourable land tenure system (40.00%). The study concluded that some soil conservation practices are adopted and practiced by arable crop farmers in the study area. The study further recommends that rewards and planting materials should be given to arable crop farmers as incentives in motivating them to adopt soil coservation practices. Keywords: soil conservation practices, arable crop, farmers
{"title":"Soil conservation practices among rural farmers in arable crop production in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"C. O. Elenwa, A. Emodi","doi":"10.4314/as.v18i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined soil conservation practices in arable crop production among rural farmers in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire and interview schedule. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected from six communities using the simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as the ordinary least square (OLS) analysis. Findings show that more than half (52.5%) were married and 37.5% had formal education. The mean age was 41 years. Types of soil conservative practices used were mulching (51.17%), bush fallowing (59.17), manure application (32.50%), planting indigenous crops (59.17), crop rotation (59.17%), agro-forestry (8.33%), cover cropping (32.50%), intercropping (59.17%), multicropping (58.33%) and shifting cultivation (55.00%), while mulching (x = 75), bush fallowing (x = 0.82), planting of indigenous plants (x = 1.60), and crop rotation (x = 1.58) were adopted. Benefits of soil conservation practices to arable crop farmers were improved soil structure (16.67%), protection of soil from erosion and nutrients loses (16.67%) among others. The major constraint to the use of soil conservation practices in arable crop production was unfavourable land tenure system (40.00%). The study concluded that some soil conservation practices are adopted and practiced by arable crop farmers in the study area. The study further recommends that rewards and planting materials should be given to arable crop farmers as incentives in motivating them to adopt soil coservation practices. Keywords: soil conservation practices, arable crop, farmers","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91079756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigeria is the largest producer of cassava in the world. Marketing of garri, a major product from cassava, has potential for economic empowerment in Nigeria. The study analyzed the efficiency of garri marketing in Nigeria based on evidence from Kwara State. Data for the study was collected from 120 respondents and analyzed using budgetary and regression techniques. The results showed that most of the respondents were uneducated women who relied on personal savings to finance their agribusiness. Marketing efficiency was 1.12 indicating efficient marketing system which implies that the enterprise is profitable with huge potential for economic empowerment. Factors influencing profitability of garri enterprise (significantly at P ≤ 0.05) included cooperative participation and experience in garri marketing. Major reported marketing constraint included price fluctuation. In order to further improve profitability, hence the potential of garri enterprise for economic empowerment, this paper recommends increasing respondents’ access to more formal financial intermediaries, especially the cooperatives. Keywords: cassava, marketing efficiency, profitability, Nigeria
{"title":"Efficiency of garri marketing in Kwara State, Nigeria: implication for economic empowerment","authors":"S. Isitor, D. Babalola, T. E. Abegunde","doi":"10.4314/AS.V18I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AS.V18I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is the largest producer of cassava in the world. Marketing of garri, a major product from cassava, has potential for economic empowerment in Nigeria. The study analyzed the efficiency of garri marketing in Nigeria based on evidence from Kwara State. Data for the study was collected from 120 respondents and analyzed using budgetary and regression techniques. The results showed that most of the respondents were uneducated women who relied on personal savings to finance their agribusiness. Marketing efficiency was 1.12 indicating efficient marketing system which implies that the enterprise is profitable with huge potential for economic empowerment. Factors influencing profitability of garri enterprise (significantly at P ≤ 0.05) included cooperative participation and experience in garri marketing. Major reported marketing constraint included price fluctuation. In order to further improve profitability, hence the potential of garri enterprise for economic empowerment, this paper recommends increasing respondents’ access to more formal financial intermediaries, especially the cooperatives. Keywords: cassava, marketing efficiency, profitability, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74902266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dissemination and maintenance of AIV in wild birds is important for understanding the factors that contribute to transmission of AIV from wild birds to poultry. This study examined the impact of Avian flu on the consumption of chicken and egg among university of Ilorin staff, in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. A survey was conducted by interviewing 110 University of Ilorin staff. Information was collected on the same economic characteristics of the respondents, income and consumption of chicken and eggs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that Avian flu outbreaks and spread in Nigeria have caused serious threat to the poultry industry, the food security and livelihoods of urban communities. It was also noted that there was a decline in consumers’ confidence in poultry product (e.g chicken and egg) as indicated by the respondents. Perception of people about avian flu pandemic indicates 90% of respondents perceived it as deadly, incurable and easily transmissible disease and that was why 77.27% of the sampled households were found to have stopped or drastically reduced the consumption of poultry products for the fear of being infected by the disease. The research conclude that since most of people perceived avian influenza as deadly disease, government enact measures to prevent the virus from spreading and to reduce the risk of infection and ban on transporting poultry in the area where bird flu has occurred. Keywords: avian virus, wild birds, domestic poultry, egg, chicken
{"title":"Effects of avian flu on the consumption of chicken and egg among University of Ilorin staff, Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"K. Belewu","doi":"10.4314/AS.V18I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AS.V18I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The dissemination and maintenance of AIV in wild birds is important for understanding the factors that contribute to transmission of AIV from wild birds to poultry. This study examined the impact of Avian flu on the consumption of chicken and egg among university of Ilorin staff, in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. A survey was conducted by interviewing 110 University of Ilorin staff. Information was collected on the same economic characteristics of the respondents, income and consumption of chicken and eggs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that Avian flu outbreaks and spread in Nigeria have caused serious threat to the poultry industry, the food security and livelihoods of urban communities. It was also noted that there was a decline in consumers’ confidence in poultry product (e.g chicken and egg) as indicated by the respondents. Perception of people about avian flu pandemic indicates 90% of respondents perceived it as deadly, incurable and easily transmissible disease and that was why 77.27% of the sampled households were found to have stopped or drastically reduced the consumption of poultry products for the fear of being infected by the disease. The research conclude that since most of people perceived avian influenza as deadly disease, government enact measures to prevent the virus from spreading and to reduce the risk of infection and ban on transporting poultry in the area where bird flu has occurred. Keywords: avian virus, wild birds, domestic poultry, egg, chicken","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84490851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ghana School Feeding Programme (SFP) was introduced in 2005 to improve educational and health outcomes. Due to the role the intervention has played in meeting its objectives, the review was conceived to assess the impact of the intervention on anthropometric, behavioural, cognitive, and health and nutritional outcomes. A systematic review search for non-experimental and quasi-experimental studies was conducted on different databases, websites and reference lists of selected studies. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included in the review. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and they report on the role of Ghanaian’s school feeding programme as an intervention that the government is using to improve educational and health outcomes of beneficiaries. Different evaluation methods were used to assess the impact of SFP, six studies used post study design, only one study adopted Difference-in-Differences (DID) technique, five studies used a pre-post study, two studies embraced a cross-sectional study and one study adopted comparative analysis. Outcomes measured by the studies include enrolment, attendance, retention and academic performance. Others are wasting, thinness and stunting. Supporting evidence shows that the school feeding programme improved educational and health outcomes. However, the evidence of food for education on cognitive development was weak. Food for education is a social safety net that stakeholders in developing countries are using to encourage pupil enrolment, attendance and the improvement of academic performance. While the intervention played a pivotal role in these regards, there were other challenges that affected the intervention in achieving its main objective. Keywords: attendance, enrolment, Ghana, retention
{"title":"A systematic review of the impact of Ghana’s school feeding programme on educational and nutritional outcomes","authors":"O. N. Awojobi","doi":"10.4314/AS.V18I2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AS.V18I2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Ghana School Feeding Programme (SFP) was introduced in 2005 to improve educational and health outcomes. Due to the role the intervention has played in meeting its objectives, the review was conceived to assess the impact of the intervention on anthropometric, behavioural, cognitive, and health and nutritional outcomes. A systematic review search for non-experimental and quasi-experimental studies was conducted on different databases, websites and reference lists of selected studies. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included in the review. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and they report on the role of Ghanaian’s school feeding programme as an intervention that the government is using to improve educational and health outcomes of beneficiaries. Different evaluation methods were used to assess the impact of SFP, six studies used post study design, only one study adopted Difference-in-Differences (DID) technique, five studies used a pre-post study, two studies embraced a cross-sectional study and one study adopted comparative analysis. Outcomes measured by the studies include enrolment, attendance, retention and academic performance. Others are wasting, thinness and stunting. Supporting evidence shows that the school feeding programme improved educational and health outcomes. However, the evidence of food for education on cognitive development was weak. Food for education is a social safety net that stakeholders in developing countries are using to encourage pupil enrolment, attendance and the improvement of academic performance. While the intervention played a pivotal role in these regards, there were other challenges that affected the intervention in achieving its main objective. Keywords: attendance, enrolment, Ghana, retention","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73352035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaranthus hybridus L. is an important leafy vegetable in sub Saharan Africa whose production is mainly limited by field insect pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a sustainable approach for the management of these pests because it ensures effective insect pest control while also promoting the conservation of beneficial insect species in agro-ecosystems. Consequently, this study investigated the diversity and abundance of diurnal insects of dry season A. hybridus at the University of Ilorin to provide information for successful IPM programs in A. hybridus systems. Insect sampling from irrigated A. hybridus beds was done for 8 consecutive weeks from the second week after sowing. At each week, sampling was done in the morning (7:00 – 10:00A.M.), early afternoon (12:00 – 3:00P.M.) and late afternoon (4:00 – 7:00P.M.) with sweep net, aspirator and by handpicking. Seventy-eight insect specimens consisting of 24 species, 16 families, and 5 orders were collected. Herbivores in the family Acrididae, Alydidae, Chrysomelidae, and Pyrgomorphidae made up 78.3% of morning collections. Insect predators like Oecophylla sp. and Dorylus sp. in the family Formicidaewere most abundant in the early afternoon. Parasitoids in family Sphecidae and leaf feeders like Acridabicolor (Acrididae) made up 53.48% and 32.56% respectively of the total late afternoon collections. According to Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity t - tests, insect taxa in the late afternoon were significantly (P < 0.05) less diverse than in the morning or early afternoon. In contrast, species richness in the morning and early afternoon did not differ significantly at P = 0.05. Keywords: Amaranthus hybridus , IPM, predators, parasitoids, biodiversity
{"title":"Diversity and abundance of diurnal insects associated with dry season Amaranthus hybridus L. in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ojumoola, K. M. Raimi, A. Adesiyun","doi":"10.4314/AS.V18I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AS.V18I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranthus hybridus L. is an important leafy vegetable in sub Saharan Africa whose production is mainly limited by field insect pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a sustainable approach for the management of these pests because it ensures effective insect pest control while also promoting the conservation of beneficial insect species in agro-ecosystems. Consequently, this study investigated the diversity and abundance of diurnal insects of dry season A. hybridus at the University of Ilorin to provide information for successful IPM programs in A. hybridus systems. Insect sampling from irrigated A. hybridus beds was done for 8 consecutive weeks from the second week after sowing. At each week, sampling was done in the morning (7:00 – 10:00A.M.), early afternoon (12:00 – 3:00P.M.) and late afternoon (4:00 – 7:00P.M.) with sweep net, aspirator and by handpicking. Seventy-eight insect specimens consisting of 24 species, 16 families, and 5 orders were collected. Herbivores in the family Acrididae, Alydidae, Chrysomelidae, and Pyrgomorphidae made up 78.3% of morning collections. Insect predators like Oecophylla sp. and Dorylus sp. in the family Formicidaewere most abundant in the early afternoon. Parasitoids in family Sphecidae and leaf feeders like Acridabicolor (Acrididae) made up 53.48% and 32.56% respectively of the total late afternoon collections. According to Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity t - tests, insect taxa in the late afternoon were significantly (P < 0.05) less diverse than in the morning or early afternoon. In contrast, species richness in the morning and early afternoon did not differ significantly at P = 0.05. Keywords: Amaranthus hybridus , IPM, predators, parasitoids, biodiversity","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91211688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the economics of catfish production in Nigeria using Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria as a case study. To achieve the study objectives, 40 catfish producers were randomly sampled and data for the study were collected with the aid of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and net farm income analysis were employed for the analysis of the data collected. The study findings show that most (85%) of the catfish farmers were males, and majority of them are in their active ages (<35 to 55 years). About 20% of the total population sampled was involved in full time catfish farming and 80% were able to finance their catfish farm from personal savings. Majority of the respondents have rich experience in catfish farming and have attained some level of education which is expected to influence their output positively. The total cost of catfish production was estimated to be ₦584,968.041 ($1,614.73) per production cycle (average 7 months), and the total revenue generated from the sale of market size catfish in the study area was ₦2,257,098 ($6,226.48) per production cycle. The respondents made a net farm income of ₦1,672,129.96 ($4,615.70) in one production cycle (average 7 months). This indicates that catfish production is profitable in the area. To enhance the performance of catfish production, the study recommends improvement in infrastructural facilities that will create an enabling environment for increased productivity and profitability. Keywords: catfish; production; profitability, socio-economic factors
{"title":"Socioeconomic and profitability analysis of catfish production: a case study of Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Onyekuru, E. J. Ihemezie, C. Chima","doi":"10.4314/AS.V18I2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AS.V18I2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the economics of catfish production in Nigeria using Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria as a case study. To achieve the study objectives, 40 catfish producers were randomly sampled and data for the study were collected with the aid of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and net farm income analysis were employed for the analysis of the data collected. The study findings show that most (85%) of the catfish farmers were males, and majority of them are in their active ages (<35 to 55 years). About 20% of the total population sampled was involved in full time catfish farming and 80% were able to finance their catfish farm from personal savings. Majority of the respondents have rich experience in catfish farming and have attained some level of education which is expected to influence their output positively. The total cost of catfish production was estimated to be ₦584,968.041 ($1,614.73) per production cycle (average 7 months), and the total revenue generated from the sale of market size catfish in the study area was ₦2,257,098 ($6,226.48) per production cycle. The respondents made a net farm income of ₦1,672,129.96 ($4,615.70) in one production cycle (average 7 months). This indicates that catfish production is profitable in the area. To enhance the performance of catfish production, the study recommends improvement in infrastructural facilities that will create an enabling environment for increased productivity and profitability. Keywords: catfish; production; profitability, socio-economic factors","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79963901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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