C. Asadu, C. P. Umeugokwe, F. Eze, C. Asadu, E. Onyeme
The soils on Imo clay shale residua at Omasi-Agu and Omor areas in Anambra State, Nigeria were sampled in order to characterize classify and evaluate their current suitability for rice production following standard scientific procedures. The soils generally belong to loamy textural classes or finer, especially in the subsoil layers. The morphological and physical properties of soils showed that the soils were poorly drained favouring high water retentivity due to low hydraulic conductivity and slow permeability. All these soil conditions support good rice performance. Though the soils at Omasi-Agu contained high levels of exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity was equally high leading to low base saturation of < 35% but at Omor the base saturation was > 35%. Thus, the soils were, respectively, classified as Typic Kandiaquults (Soil Taxonomy) correlated with Gleyic Cambisols of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRBSR) and Typic Kandiaqualfs (Soil Taxonomy) correlated with Gleyic Cambisols (WRBSR). Even though the soils of Omor appeared to be generally more fertile than Omasi-Agu soils, both have similar constraints to rice production, that is, insufficiency of nutrients (f) and possibility of erosion by flooding (e) in limited areas (< 25%). Therefore, the current suitability of the soils for rice production is suitability class 2 with fertility constraints (S2fe). For sustainable rice production, supplementary addition of nutrients especially P2O5 from triple superphosphate and some minor levelling and bunding are required to control erosion due to flooding in the limited areas.
{"title":"Characterization and classification of rice-growing soils on Imo clay shale residua in Eastern Nigeria and current suitability for rice production: I. Omasi-Agu and Omor agrarian communities","authors":"C. Asadu, C. P. Umeugokwe, F. Eze, C. Asadu, E. Onyeme","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The soils on Imo clay shale residua at Omasi-Agu and Omor areas in Anambra State, Nigeria were sampled in order to characterize classify and evaluate their current suitability for rice production following standard scientific procedures. The soils generally belong to loamy textural classes or finer, especially in the subsoil layers. The morphological and physical properties of soils showed that the soils were poorly drained favouring high water retentivity due to low hydraulic conductivity and slow permeability. All these soil conditions support good rice performance. Though the soils at Omasi-Agu contained high levels of exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity was equally high leading to low base saturation of < 35% but at Omor the base saturation was > 35%. Thus, the soils were, respectively, classified as Typic Kandiaquults (Soil Taxonomy) correlated with Gleyic Cambisols of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRBSR) and Typic Kandiaqualfs (Soil Taxonomy) correlated with Gleyic Cambisols (WRBSR). Even though the soils of Omor appeared to be generally more fertile than Omasi-Agu soils, both have similar constraints to rice production, that is, insufficiency of nutrients (f) and possibility of erosion by flooding (e) in limited areas (< 25%). Therefore, the current suitability of the soils for rice production is suitability class 2 with fertility constraints (S2fe). For sustainable rice production, supplementary addition of nutrients especially P2O5 from triple superphosphate and some minor levelling and bunding are required to control erosion due to flooding in the limited areas.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75388548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty and malnutrition are tragedies and their absence is the national development rubicon. They are captured in sustainable development goals (SDG) 1, 2 and 3 and remained intractable in most developing countries including Nigeria due to largely uncoordinated planning in majority of the facets of the country. The association of these goals (SDG 1, 2 and 3) with agriculture avails the sector a pivotal role and policy and planning becomes critical. The pivotal and critical role of planning in agriculture will be insignificant in the absence of a national soil classification system with accompanying detailed survey and land evaluation. This study highlighted the consequences of the absence of a pragmatic soil survey and land evaluation report for sustainable soil management and its implications to food security in Nigeria. The burden of poverty directly impacts the human dignity and Nigeria’s quest for economic diversification has become imminently indispensable because dependence on fossil fuel is losing its capacity to support growth and development. The primary focus and best option for diversification is agriculture with soil as the basis. This is not just for sustainable development, but for food production in a drive for food security and probably sovereignty. The first step in this drive is proper understanding of the soil resources of the nation through soil survey and land evaluation at a level of realization for sustainable pragmatic agricultural purposes. These are impossible in the absence of a uniform and nationally acceptable classification system (at least at the series level of United States Department of Agriculture Taxonomy) which possess numerous benefits to the extent that continued delay is very detrimental to the growth and development of any contemporary society. This is prior to the indispensable establishment of localized and indigenous classification system for Nigeria soils.
{"title":"Soil survey, land evaluation and food security scenario in Nigeria","authors":"J. C. Obi, A. Ogunkunle","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty and malnutrition are tragedies and their absence is the national development rubicon. They are captured in sustainable development goals (SDG) 1, 2 and 3 and remained intractable in most developing countries including Nigeria due to largely uncoordinated planning in majority of the facets of the country. The association of these goals (SDG 1, 2 and 3) with agriculture avails the sector a pivotal role and policy and planning becomes critical. The pivotal and critical role of planning in agriculture will be insignificant in the absence of a national soil classification system with accompanying detailed survey and land evaluation. This study highlighted the consequences of the absence of a pragmatic soil survey and land evaluation report for sustainable soil management and its implications to food security in Nigeria. The burden of poverty directly impacts the human dignity and Nigeria’s quest for economic diversification has become imminently indispensable because dependence on fossil fuel is losing its capacity to support growth and development. The primary focus and best option for diversification is agriculture with soil as the basis. This is not just for sustainable development, but for food production in a drive for food security and probably sovereignty. The first step in this drive is proper understanding of the soil resources of the nation through soil survey and land evaluation at a level of realization for sustainable pragmatic agricultural purposes. These are impossible in the absence of a uniform and nationally acceptable classification system (at least at the series level of United States Department of Agriculture Taxonomy) which possess numerous benefits to the extent that continued delay is very detrimental to the growth and development of any contemporary society. This is prior to the indispensable establishment of localized and indigenous classification system for Nigeria soils.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79090743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock is the carbon proportion that is of biological origin stored with respect to soil depth. It is more prone to loss than soil inorganic carbon. High sequestration of SOC in soil is germane to the improvement of soil quality and mitigating impact of climate change. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate soil properties affecting SOC stock in the two agro-ecological zones, namely Upland Rainforest (Ado-Ekiti) and southern Guinea Savanna (Kabba) agro-ecological zones of Nigeria, with respect to three selected land use types; arable, oil palm and wetland. Random collection of soil samples was carried out at four varying depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 cm) for evaluation of soil properties. The SOC stock regression models for the two agro-ecological zones showed that land use, SOC, pH, SOM (soil organic matter), Ex-K, Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg (exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, respectively), BD (bulk density), and gravel content would predict variation in SOC stock in the two agro-ecological zones with coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.952 and 0.996 for Kabba and Ado-Ekiti respectively. Principal component analysis identified that in the soil of the southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone, SOC, CEC, EA, Ex-Na, land use, clay content, and soil depth with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 80.58% of sample variance while in the soil of the Upland Rainforest agro-ecological zone, Ex-Ca, SOC, Ex-Na, EA, sand and silt contents with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 78.81% of sample variance as potential determinants of SOC stock.
{"title":"Soil properties affecting soil organic carbon stock of different land use types in two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria","authors":"W. Kadiri, K. Ogunleye, A. Fasina, T. Babalola","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock is the carbon proportion that is of biological origin stored with respect to soil depth. It is more prone to loss than soil inorganic carbon. High sequestration of SOC in soil is germane to the improvement of soil quality and mitigating impact of climate change. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate soil properties affecting SOC stock in the two agro-ecological zones, namely Upland Rainforest (Ado-Ekiti) and southern Guinea Savanna (Kabba) agro-ecological zones of Nigeria, with respect to three selected land use types; arable, oil palm and wetland. Random collection of soil samples was carried out at four varying depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 cm) for evaluation of soil properties. The SOC stock regression models for the two agro-ecological zones showed that land use, SOC, pH, SOM (soil organic matter), Ex-K, Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg (exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, respectively), BD (bulk density), and gravel content would predict variation in SOC stock in the two agro-ecological zones with coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.952 and 0.996 for Kabba and Ado-Ekiti respectively. Principal component analysis identified that in the soil of the southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone, SOC, CEC, EA, Ex-Na, land use, clay content, and soil depth with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 80.58% of sample variance while in the soil of the Upland Rainforest agro-ecological zone, Ex-Ca, SOC, Ex-Na, EA, sand and silt contents with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 78.81% of sample variance as potential determinants of SOC stock.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73988781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. I. Enyi, C. Agbo, V. Onyia, U. Chukwudi, E. Okechukwu
Ten improved okra genotypes obtained from National Institute for Horticultural Research and Training, Okigwe, Nigeria and three local cultivars were evaluated under early and late planting seasons of 2014 and 2015. The aim of this study is to estimate the relationship and magnitude of direct effects among the traits as well as determine the degree of heritability and variability among the genotypes. Genotypic stability analysis was also performed on the yield and the two traits most related to yield. ‘Ele Uhie’ genotype had the highest values for most of the parameters measured for both early and late planting seasons. Among the improved genotypes, ‘TAE 38’ had relatively appreciable yield. In both seasons, all the traits studied showed positive and significant (p < 0.01) correlation with total fruit yield, although number of fruits/plant and plant height at maturity had the strongest relationship. The yield stability estimates showed that the genotypes independently expressed their traits in the four different stability groups. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of fruits/plant and plant height at maturity had higher positive and higher magnitude of direct effect than the direct effects of the associated parameters studied for both planting seasons. Thus, selecting ‘Ele Uhie’, ‘Ele Ogwu’, ‘Ele Ndu’ and ‘TAE 38’ genotypes with relatively stable and high number of fruits/plant and plant height at maturity would have greater impact in sustaining high yields in okra.
{"title":"Seasonal evaluation of yield and yield component traits of thirteen okra genotypes in a derived savannah","authors":"J. I. Enyi, C. Agbo, V. Onyia, U. Chukwudi, E. Okechukwu","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ten improved okra genotypes obtained from National Institute for Horticultural Research and Training, Okigwe, Nigeria and three local cultivars were evaluated under early and late planting seasons of 2014 and 2015. The aim of this study is to estimate the relationship and magnitude of direct effects among the traits as well as determine the degree of heritability and variability among the genotypes. Genotypic stability analysis was also performed on the yield and the two traits most related to yield. ‘Ele Uhie’ genotype had the highest values for most of the parameters measured for both early and late planting seasons. Among the improved genotypes, ‘TAE 38’ had relatively appreciable yield. In both seasons, all the traits studied showed positive and significant (p < 0.01) correlation with total fruit yield, although number of fruits/plant and plant height at maturity had the strongest relationship. The yield stability estimates showed that the genotypes independently expressed their traits in the four different stability groups. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of fruits/plant and plant height at maturity had higher positive and higher magnitude of direct effect than the direct effects of the associated parameters studied for both planting seasons. Thus, selecting ‘Ele Uhie’, ‘Ele Ogwu’, ‘Ele Ndu’ and ‘TAE 38’ genotypes with relatively stable and high number of fruits/plant and plant height at maturity would have greater impact in sustaining high yields in okra.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87053711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. I. Akintan, A. Akintan, O. O. Sobola, L. A. Akomolede
Sustainable production of Garcinia kola can be achieved through the establishment of its plantation with the right silvicultural requirements. The growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant under a Tectona grandis L. plantation and open field was studied for three years. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving three replicates per treatment. The treatments were shade from Tectona grandis (Teak) and control (open field without shade where fresh clear-felling/harvesting of Tectona grandis (Teak) has just been carried out). Measurement of treatment effects on growth of Garcinia kola commenced six months after planting and was repeated at six-month intervals, while soil temperature was measured at two week intervals. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher differences were observed after the first year in height, collar diameter, and crown width on the shaded plant. The soil temperature for the shaded field was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than the control field. Hence it is recommended that sustainable production of Garcinia kola through plantation establishment should be done under the shade of older trees.
可持续生产的藤黄可通过建立其种植园与正确的造林要求来实现。研究了大地柏人工林和露天田中Garcinia kola (Heckel)植株的生长响应。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，每个处理涉及3个重复。处理方法为大柚木遮荫和对照(没有遮荫的空地，新采伐的大柚木刚刚采伐完成)。在种植后6个月开始测定处理对酸藤生长的影响，每6个月重复测定一次，每2周测定一次土壤温度。遮荫株株高、领径、冠宽在1年后差异显著(P≤0.05)。遮荫地土壤温度显著(P≤0.05)低于对照地。因此，建议在老树的荫蔽下，通过建立人工林来实现藤黄的可持续生产。
{"title":"Growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant to natural shade in a rainforest environment of Nigeria","authors":"C. I. Akintan, A. Akintan, O. O. Sobola, L. A. Akomolede","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable production of Garcinia kola can be achieved through the establishment of its plantation with the right silvicultural requirements. The growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant under a Tectona grandis L. plantation and open field was studied for three years. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving three replicates per treatment. The treatments were shade from Tectona grandis (Teak) and control (open field without shade where fresh clear-felling/harvesting of Tectona grandis (Teak) has just been carried out). Measurement of treatment effects on growth of Garcinia kola commenced six months after planting and was repeated at six-month intervals, while soil temperature was measured at two week intervals. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher differences were observed after the first year in height, collar diameter, and crown width on the shaded plant. The soil temperature for the shaded field was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than the control field. Hence it is recommended that sustainable production of Garcinia kola through plantation establishment should be done under the shade of older trees.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"78 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89052093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study analyzed economic implication of palm oil processing in Odogbolu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A purposive sampling procedure was employed to select 90 respondents for the study with the aid of a questionnaire. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and regression analyses. The majority (81.10%) of the palm oil processors were female, 51.10% had no formal education and most (78.90%) of the processors used the traditional method of processing. The costs and returns analysis indicates that palm oil processing is a profitable venture with an average gross margin of ₦158, 404.00 and net return of ₦125, 301.00 per processing cycle. The profitability index (0.32) revealed that for every one Naira invested in the enterprise, a profit of 32 kobo was obtained. Furthermore, the regression analysis showed that the factors affecting net returns obtained from palm oil processing were processing method (p < 0.10), processing experience (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.01) and household size (p < 0.05). It was concluded that palm oil processing is a profitable enterprise in the study area. Thus, the study recommends that processors should be educated on improved/modern methods of processing.
{"title":"Economic analysis of palm oil processing in Odogbolu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Sanusi, S. Idowu, D. Akerele, T. Olabode","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed economic implication of palm oil processing in Odogbolu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A purposive sampling procedure was employed to select 90 respondents for the study with the aid of a questionnaire. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and regression analyses. The majority (81.10%) of the palm oil processors were female, 51.10% had no formal education and most (78.90%) of the processors used the traditional method of processing. The costs and returns analysis indicates that palm oil processing is a profitable venture with an average gross margin of ₦158, 404.00 and net return of ₦125, 301.00 per processing cycle. The profitability index (0.32) revealed that for every one Naira invested in the enterprise, a profit of 32 kobo was obtained. Furthermore, the regression analysis showed that the factors affecting net returns obtained from palm oil processing were processing method (p < 0.10), processing experience (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.01) and household size (p < 0.05). It was concluded that palm oil processing is a profitable enterprise in the study area. Thus, the study recommends that processors should be educated on improved/modern methods of processing.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72710734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nine Nun River floodplain soils in Bayelsa State were evaluated using Land Capability Classification (LCC), Land Capability Index (LCI) and Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) systems. The LCC grouped most soil mapping units (SMUs) into class II except NDU3. Odi (ODI1), Koroama (KRM1) and Niger Delta University (NDU1) were grouped in IInf0; ODI2, KRM2 and NDU2 in IIwnf0; ODI3 and KRM3 in IIwnf1 and NDU3 in Vwnf3, respectively. Indicating suitability for wide range of arable crops. The LCI grouped ODI1, KRM1 and NDU1 in class II while ODI2, ODI3, KRM2, KRM3, NDU2 and NDU3, in class III for annual crops. For perennial crops, KRM1 and NDU1 were grouped in class II, ODI1, KRM2 and NDU2 in class III while ODI2, ODI3, KRM3 and NDU3, in class IV, respectively. The FCC grouped ODI1 in La- and ODI3 into Lga-e. On the other hand, KRM1 was grouped in La-e while KRM2, KRM3 and NDU3 in Lga-ek. The identified limiting fertility constraints were wetness, flooding, low exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration, soil acidity as promoted by Al3+ toxicity, texture and drainage. LCI and FCC identified texture as a major constraint with LCI placing emphasis on soil colour while FCC identified K+ deficiency as a limitation. Wetness, flooding, low nutrient capital of exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, soil acidity and Al3+ toxicity, texture and drainage were key to land evaluation in the study area. Flood control, improved drainage, liming and adequate fertilization practices including organic matter conservation should be adopted for improved land management.
{"title":"Capability groupings of some nun river floodplain soils of Bayelsa State, Southern Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Dickson, J. Tate, P.T. Ogboin","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Nine Nun River floodplain soils in Bayelsa State were evaluated using Land Capability Classification (LCC), Land Capability Index (LCI) and Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) systems. The LCC grouped most soil mapping units (SMUs) into class II except NDU3. Odi (ODI1), Koroama (KRM1) and Niger Delta University (NDU1) were grouped in IInf0; ODI2, KRM2 and NDU2 in IIwnf0; ODI3 and KRM3 in IIwnf1 and NDU3 in Vwnf3, respectively. Indicating suitability for wide range of arable crops. The LCI grouped ODI1, KRM1 and NDU1 in class II while ODI2, ODI3, KRM2, KRM3, NDU2 and NDU3, in class III for annual crops. For perennial crops, KRM1 and NDU1 were grouped in class II, ODI1, KRM2 and NDU2 in class III while ODI2, ODI3, KRM3 and NDU3, in class IV, respectively. The FCC grouped ODI1 in La- and ODI3 into Lga-e. On the other hand, KRM1 was grouped in La-e while KRM2, KRM3 and NDU3 in Lga-ek. The identified limiting fertility constraints were wetness, flooding, low exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration, soil acidity as promoted by Al3+ toxicity, texture and drainage. LCI and FCC identified texture as a major constraint with LCI placing emphasis on soil colour while FCC identified K+ deficiency as a limitation. Wetness, flooding, low nutrient capital of exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, soil acidity and Al3+ toxicity, texture and drainage were key to land evaluation in the study area. Flood control, improved drainage, liming and adequate fertilization practices including organic matter conservation should be adopted for improved land management.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75902657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semen quality is critical to avian reproduction and chiefly influenced by feeding. Improving the seminal features of local poultry with dietary technologies is significant to fortifying man’s deficient dietary resource. Hence, this study evaluated the semen quality indices of Nigerian roosters fed grower diets containing different levels of Curcuma longa powder (CLP) in a 70-day feeding trial. The experiment randomly placed test roosters (n = 36) into four distinct groups (T1-T4), having replications of 3 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed ad libitum on grower feeds containing CLP inclusions according to groups, i.e., T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively had 0, 20, 35, and 50 g of CLP kg–1 feed. Routine vaccinations and prophylaxis was duly administered during experimentation. Semen collection and sampling for physical seminal features were conducted and analyzed. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) effects of dietary CLP on sperm concentration (SC), live spermatozoa (LS), and dead spermatozoa (DS) of the test roosters. High SC and LS of roosters fed on CLP diets were significantly different (p < 0.05) from control, just as DS of T1 was higher (p < 0.05) than CLP groups. Thus, placing Nigerian roosters on diets scented with up to 50 g of Curcuma longa powder per kilogram of feed improved their seminal characteristics.
{"title":"Semen characteristics of Nigerian roosters fed diets containing Curcuma longa powder","authors":"C. Dim, S. O. Ekere, H. Pius","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Semen quality is critical to avian reproduction and chiefly influenced by feeding. Improving the seminal features of local poultry with dietary technologies is significant to fortifying man’s deficient dietary resource. Hence, this study evaluated the semen quality indices of Nigerian roosters fed grower diets containing different levels of Curcuma longa powder (CLP) in a 70-day feeding trial. The experiment randomly placed test roosters (n = 36) into four distinct groups (T1-T4), having replications of 3 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed ad libitum on grower feeds containing CLP inclusions according to groups, i.e., T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively had 0, 20, 35, and 50 g of CLP kg–1 feed. Routine vaccinations and prophylaxis was duly administered during experimentation. Semen collection and sampling for physical seminal features were conducted and analyzed. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) effects of dietary CLP on sperm concentration (SC), live spermatozoa (LS), and dead spermatozoa (DS) of the test roosters. High SC and LS of roosters fed on CLP diets were significantly different (p < 0.05) from control, just as DS of T1 was higher (p < 0.05) than CLP groups. Thus, placing Nigerian roosters on diets scented with up to 50 g of Curcuma longa powder per kilogram of feed improved their seminal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was carried out during the early cropping season of 2015 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Osun State University, Ejigbo campus, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of organic manures on fruit yield and antioxidant properties of green and orange morphotypes of Nigerian pumpkin. Pumpkin, locally called Elegede in the South-West Nigeria is used as an indigenous vegetable. Cattle and poultry manures were applied as treatments at the rates of 10 t ha–1 each, there was a control (plants that were treated with neither cattle nor poultry manure). The experiment was a factorial experiment, set out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. At maturity, the fruits were harvested, yield data were taken and selected fruits across treatments were analyzed for antioxidant activities, phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. Results showed that the orange morphotype out-yielded the green morphotype. Also, the yields of the plants that received cattle and poultry manures did not differ statistically. The antioxidant activities and parameters studied across the morphotypes were highest in the control and cattle manure but lowest in plants treated with poultry manure. For optimal yield and bioaccumulation of antioxidants in pumpkin fruits, cattle manure is preferred in the study area.
2015年早期种植季，在尼日利亚奥松州立大学Ejigbo校区教学与研究农场进行了田间试验。研究了有机肥对绿色和橙色型尼日利亚南瓜果实产量和抗氧化性能的影响。南瓜在尼日利亚西南部被当地人称为Elegede，是当地的一种蔬菜。牛粪和禽粪各施10 t hm - 1，对照(既不用牛粪也不用禽粪处理的植物)。本试验为析因试验，采用随机完全区组设计，设3个重复。成熟后，采收果实，采集产量数据，并对不同处理的果实进行抗氧化活性、酚、黄酮类、花青素和原花青素的分析。结果表明，橙色形态优于绿色形态。此外，接收牛和家禽粪便的植物的产量在统计上没有差异。各形态植物的抗氧化活性和参数均以对照和牛粪最高，而家禽粪处理的植物最低。为了达到南瓜果实中抗氧化剂的最佳产量和生物积累，研究区最好使用牛粪。
{"title":"Influence of organic nutrient sources on fruit yield and antioxidant properties of Nigerian pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) morphotypes","authors":"F. Oloyede, A. Oyelade","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during the early cropping season of 2015 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Osun State University, Ejigbo campus, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of organic manures on fruit yield and antioxidant properties of green and orange morphotypes of Nigerian pumpkin. Pumpkin, locally called Elegede in the South-West Nigeria is used as an indigenous vegetable. Cattle and poultry manures were applied as treatments at the rates of 10 t ha–1 each, there was a control (plants that were treated with neither cattle nor poultry manure). The experiment was a factorial experiment, set out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. At maturity, the fruits were harvested, yield data were taken and selected fruits across treatments were analyzed for antioxidant activities, phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. Results showed that the orange morphotype out-yielded the green morphotype. Also, the yields of the plants that received cattle and poultry manures did not differ statistically. The antioxidant activities and parameters studied across the morphotypes were highest in the control and cattle manure but lowest in plants treated with poultry manure. For optimal yield and bioaccumulation of antioxidants in pumpkin fruits, cattle manure is preferred in the study area.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86775418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the nutritional and sensory characteristics of biscuits produced from wheat/beniseed seed/sweet potato composite flour. Four flour samples from wheat, defatted beniseed and sweet potato flours in the ratios of 100:0:0; 80:10:10; 70:20:10; and 60:30:10, respectively with other ingredients were used to produce biscuits. Samples were analyzed for proximate content, vitamins and minerals, antinutrients, sensory and microbial properties using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy composition of samples ranged from 8.39-12.07 g 100-g–1, 17.52-22.59 mg 100-g–1, 0.60-4.20 g 100-g–1, 1.18-2.29 g 100-g–1, 67.11-60.53 g 100-g–1 and 460.34-491.11 kCal 100-g–1, respectively. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iron and zinc contents ranged from 474.50-843.75, 498.75-845.00, 267.50-568.50, 92.50-105.75, 82.25- 288.25, 3.88-5.99, and 0.07-0.32 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Beta-carotene, thiamin, niacin and tocopherol contents were 429.20-441.93 μg 100-g–1, 4.03-4.83, 17.87-19.57 and 54.87-62.77 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Most nutrients increasedwith increasing beniseed substitution levels. Phytate andoxalate contents of samples here within permissible levels. Sensory properties decreased from 7.78-5.60, 7.90-5.00, 7.00-6.53, 6.80-5.83, 7.87-5.23 for colour, taste, crispiness, texture and general acceptability, respectively. Number of colonies were negligible after storage for 21days. Beniseed (20%) and sweet potato (10%) flours substitution for wheat flour produced acceptable biscuits with higher protein and micronutrient composition and acceptable sensory properties than wholly wheat flour and other composite flour biscuits.
{"title":"Nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits based on wheat (Triticum aestivum), beniseed seed (Sesamum indicum) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) composite flour","authors":"O. Ariyo, B.I. Dudulewa, M. Atojoko","doi":"10.4314/as.v21i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the nutritional and sensory characteristics of biscuits produced from wheat/beniseed seed/sweet potato composite flour. Four flour samples from wheat, defatted beniseed and sweet potato flours in the ratios of 100:0:0; 80:10:10; 70:20:10; and 60:30:10, respectively with other ingredients were used to produce biscuits. Samples were analyzed for proximate content, vitamins and minerals, antinutrients, sensory and microbial properties using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy composition of samples ranged from 8.39-12.07 g 100-g–1, 17.52-22.59 mg 100-g–1, 0.60-4.20 g 100-g–1, 1.18-2.29 g 100-g–1, 67.11-60.53 g 100-g–1 and 460.34-491.11 kCal 100-g–1, respectively. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iron and zinc contents ranged from 474.50-843.75, 498.75-845.00, 267.50-568.50, 92.50-105.75, 82.25- 288.25, 3.88-5.99, and 0.07-0.32 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Beta-carotene, thiamin, niacin and tocopherol contents were 429.20-441.93 μg 100-g–1, 4.03-4.83, 17.87-19.57 and 54.87-62.77 mg 100-g–1, respectively. Most nutrients increasedwith increasing beniseed substitution levels. Phytate andoxalate contents of samples here within permissible levels. Sensory properties decreased from 7.78-5.60, 7.90-5.00, 7.00-6.53, 6.80-5.83, 7.87-5.23 for colour, taste, crispiness, texture and general acceptability, respectively. Number of colonies were negligible after storage for 21days. Beniseed (20%) and sweet potato (10%) flours substitution for wheat flour produced acceptable biscuits with higher protein and micronutrient composition and acceptable sensory properties than wholly wheat flour and other composite flour biscuits.","PeriodicalId":15011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agro-environmental Science","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89034711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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