Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112182
Salman Shooshtarian, Peter SP. Wong, Tayyab Maqsood
The global building and construction sector is known for its low resource efficiency which leads to a significant waste generation rate. Therefore, the management of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has become a priority issue in many countries. The use of products with recycled content (PwRC)-emerged from C&D waste materials-in modular construction is a sustainable strategy to enhance resource circularity and circular economy in the sector. Despite this, there are significant challenges in making this a reality. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the optimal utilisation of PwRC in prefabricated construction products. A case study approach was adopted to understand how the industry perceives the use of these resources in this construction methodology. The results showed that several factors influence their utilisation in Australian modular construction. This study proposes a framework developed to guide efforts in enhancing the uptake of PwRC in modular construction.
{"title":"Circular economy in modular construction: An Australian case study","authors":"Salman Shooshtarian, Peter SP. Wong, Tayyab Maqsood","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112182","url":null,"abstract":"The global building and construction sector is known for its low resource efficiency which leads to a significant waste generation rate. Therefore, the management of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has become a priority issue in many countries. The use of products with recycled content (PwRC)-emerged from C&D waste materials-in modular construction is a sustainable strategy to enhance resource circularity and circular economy in the sector. Despite this, there are significant challenges in making this a reality. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the optimal utilisation of PwRC in prefabricated construction products. A case study approach was adopted to understand how the industry perceives the use of these resources in this construction methodology. The results showed that several factors influence their utilisation in Australian modular construction. This study proposes a framework developed to guide efforts in enhancing the uptake of PwRC in modular construction.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112185
Yunze Liu, Yue Li, Jinlei Mu, Xiao Luo
This research investigates the electromagnetic properties as well as the microscopic mechanisms of tricalcium silicate (C3S) pastes maintained for a long time at different relative humidities (RH). The electromagnetic transport properties and electromagnetic parameters of undried and dried specimens of C3S paste specimens cured for 180 d at four RHs were tested for microscopic property changes. The results show that the water content significantly affects the electromagnetic properties of the specimens. With the increase of RH, the electromagnetic wave reflectivity and absorption of the specimens increased and the transmission decreased. Based on the changes in microphase properties it was found that the hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel had the greatest effect on the electromagnetic properties of C3S paste. In addition, the increase in RH also resulted in a significant increase in the volume percentage and area percentage of mesopores in the specimens, which in turn increased the electromagnetic wave loss. This study provides a microscopic explanation for analyzing the effect of RH on the electromagnetic transmission properties of cementitious materials.
{"title":"Research on the effect of relative humidity on the electromagnetic performance of long-cured tricalcium silicate cement paste: Water action and phase evolution","authors":"Yunze Liu, Yue Li, Jinlei Mu, Xiao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112185","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the electromagnetic properties as well as the microscopic mechanisms of tricalcium silicate (C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>S) pastes maintained for a long time at different relative humidities (RH). The electromagnetic transport properties and electromagnetic parameters of undried and dried specimens of C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>S paste specimens cured for 180 d at four RHs were tested for microscopic property changes. The results show that the water content significantly affects the electromagnetic properties of the specimens. With the increase of RH, the electromagnetic wave reflectivity and absorption of the specimens increased and the transmission decreased. Based on the changes in microphase properties it was found that the hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel had the greatest effect on the electromagnetic properties of C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>S paste. In addition, the increase in RH also resulted in a significant increase in the volume percentage and area percentage of mesopores in the specimens, which in turn increased the electromagnetic wave loss. This study provides a microscopic explanation for analyzing the effect of RH on the electromagnetic transmission properties of cementitious materials.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112149
Ákos Lakatos, Attila Csík, Petra Herman, István Csarnovics
Regulations aimed at limiting and eliminating unnecessary energy usage and the associated emissions of hazardous materials are becoming more and more stringent when it comes to newly planned and built buildings. The need for these initiatives is also growing among consumers due to the rise of an increasingly environmentally and energy-conscious mindset. Moreover, vehicles, industrial applications, or pipes transporting hot water can also use thin layered insulation.
{"title":"Identifying the alteration in the thermal properties of aerogel thermal insulation after heat treatment with different methods","authors":"Ákos Lakatos, Attila Csík, Petra Herman, István Csarnovics","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112149","url":null,"abstract":"Regulations aimed at limiting and eliminating unnecessary energy usage and the associated emissions of hazardous materials are becoming more and more stringent when it comes to newly planned and built buildings. The need for these initiatives is also growing among consumers due to the rise of an increasingly environmentally and energy-conscious mindset. Moreover, vehicles, industrial applications, or pipes transporting hot water can also use thin layered insulation.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112175
Pan Liao, Luyao Chen, Zheng Liang, Yin Huang, Hongyang Chen, Liang Sun
With the rapid development of underground rail transit, subway spaces have become an essential part of modern urban life. While carefully designed subway spaces with appropriate scales can significantly enhance passengers' spatial perception and associated visual comfort, there has been a lack of quantitative approaches to systematically investigating the optimal scale for subway station hall (SSH) designs. In this study, we identified five common spatial morphology types of SSH from cross-sections: column-free rectangular, column-free curved, column-free vertical-wall and curved-ceiling, single-column rectangular, and double-column rectangular SSH. We then constructed representative models with different spatial scales under fixed viewpoints as experimental stimulus images from each spatial type of SSH, generating 84 scenes in total. The semantic differential (SD) method, eye-tracking technology, and associated statistical analyses were employed to investigate the relationships between participants' psychological perceptions and the spatial scale of SSH. The results indicate that the width-to-height ratio (D/H), total fixation time and the number of fixations in areas of interest (AOI) are key factors affecting passengers’ visual comfort in SSH. While the column-free rectangular SSH was preferred by participants, better scenes that are more visually pleasing as well as optimal spatial scale ranges were also identified in each spatial type of SSH. This study provides strong evidence-based support for the design and optimization of subway stations through both subjective and objective methods.
{"title":"Investigating the optimal scale for subway station hall designs based on psychological perceptions and eye-tracking methods","authors":"Pan Liao, Luyao Chen, Zheng Liang, Yin Huang, Hongyang Chen, Liang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112175","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of underground rail transit, subway spaces have become an essential part of modern urban life. While carefully designed subway spaces with appropriate scales can significantly enhance passengers' spatial perception and associated visual comfort, there has been a lack of quantitative approaches to systematically investigating the optimal scale for subway station hall (SSH) designs. In this study, we identified five common spatial morphology types of SSH from cross-sections: column-free rectangular, column-free curved, column-free vertical-wall and curved-ceiling, single-column rectangular, and double-column rectangular SSH. We then constructed representative models with different spatial scales under fixed viewpoints as experimental stimulus images from each spatial type of SSH, generating 84 scenes in total. The semantic differential (SD) method, eye-tracking technology, and associated statistical analyses were employed to investigate the relationships between participants' psychological perceptions and the spatial scale of SSH. The results indicate that the width-to-height ratio (D/H), total fixation time and the number of fixations in areas of interest (AOI) are key factors affecting passengers’ visual comfort in SSH. While the column-free rectangular SSH was preferred by participants, better scenes that are more visually pleasing as well as optimal spatial scale ranges were also identified in each spatial type of SSH. This study provides strong evidence-based support for the design and optimization of subway stations through both subjective and objective methods.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112180
Ali Berkay Avci
Ensuring optimal thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in office environments is critical for maintaining occupant well-being and productivity. This study aims to compare natural and mechanical ventilation strategies in glass-partitioned office spaces to evaluate their impact on thermal comfort and CO2 concentrations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted and validated using empirical field data collected from an office in Izmir, located in a Mediterranean climate. The research focuses on understanding the impact of seasonal variations, ventilation methods, and inlet vent dimensions on thermal comfort and IAQ, specifically CO2 concentrations. A glass-partitioned workspace within the office was monitored, and the collected data were replicated in the CFD model for validation. After validation, new scenarios were developed using a 3 × 2 × 2 unbalanced full factorial design. The findings reveal that mechanical ventilation, particularly when combined with larger inlet vent diameters, significantly improves CO2 levels and thermal comfort, with CO2 concentrations reduced from 1679 ppm to 639 ppm and thermal comfort levels nearing neutral sensation (PMV: 0.01) during summer. These findings highlight the necessity of higher fresh air supply velocities with larger vent dimensions to address the challenges of maintaining optimal IAQ and thermal comfort in glass-partitioned office environments. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on open-plan offices, this research specifically investigates ventilation challenges in glass-partitioned office spaces, providing a deeper understanding of air distribution and thermal comfort optimization. The results provide guidance for building designers and engineers aiming to enhance occupant well-being and productivity in partitioned open-plan office spaces.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of natural and mechanical ventilation strategies for glass-partitioned office spaces using CFD and empirical validation","authors":"Ali Berkay Avci","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112180","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring optimal thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in office environments is critical for maintaining occupant well-being and productivity. This study aims to compare natural and mechanical ventilation strategies in glass-partitioned office spaces to evaluate their impact on thermal comfort and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> concentrations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted and validated using empirical field data collected from an office in Izmir, located in a Mediterranean climate. The research focuses on understanding the impact of seasonal variations, ventilation methods, and inlet vent dimensions on thermal comfort and IAQ, specifically CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> concentrations. A glass-partitioned workspace within the office was monitored, and the collected data were replicated in the CFD model for validation. After validation, new scenarios were developed using a 3 × 2 × 2 unbalanced full factorial design. The findings reveal that mechanical ventilation, particularly when combined with larger inlet vent diameters, significantly improves CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> levels and thermal comfort, with CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> concentrations reduced from 1679 ppm to 639 ppm and thermal comfort levels nearing neutral sensation (PMV: 0.01) during summer. These findings highlight the necessity of higher fresh air supply velocities with larger vent dimensions to address the challenges of maintaining optimal IAQ and thermal comfort in glass-partitioned office environments. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on open-plan offices, this research specifically investigates ventilation challenges in glass-partitioned office spaces, providing a deeper understanding of air distribution and thermal comfort optimization. The results provide guidance for building designers and engineers aiming to enhance occupant well-being and productivity in partitioned open-plan office spaces.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112166
Wenjie Ge , Zhiwen Zhang , Ashraf Ashour , Hongbo Jiang , Yung William Sasy Chan
This paper explores the cyclic behavior of a novel composite column, specifically designed to address the issues of rapid stiffness degradation and significant residual deformation that commonly occur in conventional concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns under low cycle reversed loading. The proposed composite column comprises of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) filled steel tubes (UHPCFST) reinforced with steel-FRP composite bars (SFCBs), which collectively enhance the structural performance under low reversed cyclic loading. The cyclic performance of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns was investigated by conducting low-cyclic reversed loading tests and finite element modeling, analyzing the effects of strength of concrete and steel tube, type of longitudinal reinforcement, axial compression ratio, slenderness ratio, ratio of longitudinal bars and stirrups. The results indicated that all composite columns exhibited compression-bending failure. Compared with steel bar-UHPCFST column, SFCB-UHPCFST columns showed slightly lower bearing capacity and energy dissipation, but demonstrated superior ductility, lower residual deformations, smaller stiffness degradation and better reparability. Increasing concrete strength, reinforcement ratio, or steel yield strength, or reducing the slenderness ratio effectively enhanced the loading capacity and initial stiffness of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns, while increasing the stirrup ratio had a limited effect. With the axial compression ratio improved from 0.15 to 0.25, the bearing capacity of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns increased; however, when the ratio improved from 0.25 to 0.35 and 0.45, the bearing capacity significantly reduced, second-order P-Δ effects became more pronounced, and the stiffness degradation rate increased. Finally, a hysteretic model for the SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns was established, with predicted values fitting well with experimental results, accurately reflecting the hysteretic behavior of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns.
{"title":"Seismic performance of SFCBs reinforced UHPC-filled steel tube composite columns: Test, modeling and theoretical analysis","authors":"Wenjie Ge , Zhiwen Zhang , Ashraf Ashour , Hongbo Jiang , Yung William Sasy Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the cyclic behavior of a novel composite column, specifically designed to address the issues of rapid stiffness degradation and significant residual deformation that commonly occur in conventional concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns under low cycle reversed loading. The proposed composite column comprises of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) filled steel tubes (UHPCFST) reinforced with steel-FRP composite bars (SFCBs), which collectively enhance the structural performance under low reversed cyclic loading. The cyclic performance of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns was investigated by conducting low-cyclic reversed loading tests and finite element modeling, analyzing the effects of strength of concrete and steel tube, type of longitudinal reinforcement, axial compression ratio, slenderness ratio, ratio of longitudinal bars and stirrups. The results indicated that all composite columns exhibited compression-bending failure. Compared with steel bar-UHPCFST column, SFCB-UHPCFST columns showed slightly lower bearing capacity and energy dissipation, but demonstrated superior ductility, lower residual deformations, smaller stiffness degradation and better reparability. Increasing concrete strength, reinforcement ratio, or steel yield strength, or reducing the slenderness ratio effectively enhanced the loading capacity and initial stiffness of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns, while increasing the stirrup ratio had a limited effect. With the axial compression ratio improved from 0.15 to 0.25, the bearing capacity of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns increased; however, when the ratio improved from 0.25 to 0.35 and 0.45, the bearing capacity significantly reduced, second-order P-Δ effects became more pronounced, and the stiffness degradation rate increased. Finally, a hysteretic model for the SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns was established, with predicted values fitting well with experimental results, accurately reflecting the hysteretic behavior of SFCBs-UHPCFST composite columns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112166"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112186
Yang Jiao, Kai Zhang, Zanqun Liu, Hao Yao
Conventional single-layer thermal insulation coatings encounter challenges in performance enhancement due to the mutual interference among various functional fillers. This study presents a double-layer thermal reflective and insulation coating system (RICS) that integrates coatings based on different insulation mechanisms. Compared to a single-layer composite coating, the RICS demonstrates higher reflectivity and an approximate 11 % increase in thermal insulation temperature difference. Results from the indoor temperature field study indicate that the surface temperature of concrete specimens coated with RICS was reduced by 11.3 °C, while the warming rate decreased by 32 %. Furthermore, the temperature gradient between surface areas was reduced by 78 % compared to the control group. Additionally, RICS proved more effective in mitigating the internal temperature field of concrete than the commercially available water-based reflective insulation coating system used in this experiment. Finite element simulation results revealed that the surface stresses of the RICS-coated model were reduced by 5.7 MPa and 1.4 MPa when compared to the control and commercially coated models, respectively. This study enhances the understanding of the structural optimization of advanced thermal management coatings and offers a viable technical route for evaluating the performance of reflective insulation coatings, which is significant for reducing energy consumption in air conditioning and preventing cracking in concrete caused by non-uniform temperature fields.
{"title":"Preparation of a double-layer thermal reflective and insulation coating system and its effect on the temperature field of concrete","authors":"Yang Jiao, Kai Zhang, Zanqun Liu, Hao Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112186","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional single-layer thermal insulation coatings encounter challenges in performance enhancement due to the mutual interference among various functional fillers. This study presents a double-layer thermal reflective and insulation coating system (RICS) that integrates coatings based on different insulation mechanisms. Compared to a single-layer composite coating, the RICS demonstrates higher reflectivity and an approximate 11 % increase in thermal insulation temperature difference. Results from the indoor temperature field study indicate that the surface temperature of concrete specimens coated with RICS was reduced by 11.3 °C, while the warming rate decreased by 32 %. Furthermore, the temperature gradient between surface areas was reduced by 78 % compared to the control group. Additionally, RICS proved more effective in mitigating the internal temperature field of concrete than the commercially available water-based reflective insulation coating system used in this experiment. Finite element simulation results revealed that the surface stresses of the RICS-coated model were reduced by 5.7 MPa and 1.4 MPa when compared to the control and commercially coated models, respectively. This study enhances the understanding of the structural optimization of advanced thermal management coatings and offers a viable technical route for evaluating the performance of reflective insulation coatings, which is significant for reducing energy consumption in air conditioning and preventing cracking in concrete caused by non-uniform temperature fields.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112147
Siwat Lawanwadeekul, Prinya Chindaprasirt
This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing water hyacinth (WH) and wastepaper (WP) as sustainable materials for developing thermo-acoustic panels in construction applications. WH, an invasive aquatic plant, and WP, a byproduct of handicraft paper production, were combined in varying proportions to evaluate their physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. Key parameters assessed included density, porosity, flexural modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity, and sound absorption performance. The results revealed that WH-rich composites exhibited high porosity and superior sound absorption, making them well-suited for absorption applications. Conversely, WP-rich composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability due to their denser structure. Thermal analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicates that WP-rich samples are more thermally stable, with reduced heat release during decomposition. SEM analysis supports these findings, showing that WH100 possesses a highly porous structure conducive to sound absorption, while WP40 and WP50 exhibit a compact fiber network, enhancing mechanical properties but slightly reducing acoustic absorption. Flammability testing confirmed HF1 classification across all samples, highlighting their fire safety suitability. Economic analysis showed that WP-based panels were more cost-effective, with WP50 achieving the lowest production cost at 539.99 THB/m2, while WH-based composites excelled in sound absorption. Among the formulations, WP10 emerged as a standout for its balance of acoustic performance, thermal insulation, and eco-friendliness, making it competitive with conventional materials such as rock wool and glass wool. This study establishes WH and WP composites as viable, eco-friendly alternatives for construction materials, contributing to sustainable building practices while addressing environmental challenges through the repurposing of agricultural waste.
{"title":"Sustainable construction materials from leveraging water hyacinth and wastepaper for superior sound absorption and thermal insulation","authors":"Siwat Lawanwadeekul, Prinya Chindaprasirt","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112147","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing water hyacinth (WH) and wastepaper (WP) as sustainable materials for developing thermo-acoustic panels in construction applications. WH, an invasive aquatic plant, and WP, a byproduct of handicraft paper production, were combined in varying proportions to evaluate their physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. Key parameters assessed included density, porosity, flexural modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity, and sound absorption performance. The results revealed that WH-rich composites exhibited high porosity and superior sound absorption, making them well-suited for absorption applications. Conversely, WP-rich composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability due to their denser structure. Thermal analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicates that WP-rich samples are more thermally stable, with reduced heat release during decomposition. SEM analysis supports these findings, showing that WH100 possesses a highly porous structure conducive to sound absorption, while WP40 and WP50 exhibit a compact fiber network, enhancing mechanical properties but slightly reducing acoustic absorption. Flammability testing confirmed HF1 classification across all samples, highlighting their fire safety suitability. Economic analysis showed that WP-based panels were more cost-effective, with WP50 achieving the lowest production cost at 539.99 THB/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, while WH-based composites excelled in sound absorption. Among the formulations, WP10 emerged as a standout for its balance of acoustic performance, thermal insulation, and eco-friendliness, making it competitive with conventional materials such as rock wool and glass wool. This study establishes WH and WP composites as viable, eco-friendly alternatives for construction materials, contributing to sustainable building practices while addressing environmental challenges through the repurposing of agricultural waste.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the incorporation of recycled lightweight aggregates i.e. fly ash cenosphere (FAC) and expanded glass (EG) into 3D-printed cementitious mortar to enhance both thermal insulation and sustainability. The novelty lies in examining how these aggregates impact the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed structures, while also analyzing the pore structure, particularly at the critical interface between successive printed layers. Replacing sand with 60 % FAC (C60) and 65 % EG (G65) resulted in a lightweight mortar with a density of 1800 kg/m3, but also led to reductions in compressive, interlayer bonding, and flexural strength. X-ray microtomography (μ-CT) analysis revealed significant variations in porosity, particularly at the interlayer region where porosity peaked at around 33 %. The thermal conductivity of the printed samples was reduced by up to 58 %, driven by both the lightweight aggregates and the porous interlayer structure. Despite the weakened mechanical properties, the enhanced thermal performance of the 3D-printed samples suggests potential for sustainable, energy-efficient construction. The findings highlight the critical role of pore structure, especially at layer interfaces, in determining the strength and insulation properties of 3D-printed mortars. This work provides valuable insights into the trade-offs between strength and thermal insulation when using lightweight aggregates, offering a pathway to more energy-efficient and sustainable 3D-printed buildings with potential lower operational carbon footprints for 3D-printing construction.
{"title":"Investigation of interlayer bonding and pore characteristics in 3D-printed high-strength mortar incorporating recycled lightweight aggregates","authors":"Hamid Bayat, Sadegh Karimpouli, Liming Yang, Hamed Lamei Ramandi, Alireza Kashani","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112183","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the incorporation of recycled lightweight aggregates i.e. fly ash cenosphere (FAC) and expanded glass (EG) into 3D-printed cementitious mortar to enhance both thermal insulation and sustainability. The novelty lies in examining how these aggregates impact the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed structures, while also analyzing the pore structure, particularly at the critical interface between successive printed layers. Replacing sand with 60 % FAC (C60) and 65 % EG (G65) resulted in a lightweight mortar with a density of 1800 kg/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, but also led to reductions in compressive, interlayer bonding, and flexural strength. X-ray microtomography (μ-CT) analysis revealed significant variations in porosity, particularly at the interlayer region where porosity peaked at around 33 %. The thermal conductivity of the printed samples was reduced by up to 58 %, driven by both the lightweight aggregates and the porous interlayer structure. Despite the weakened mechanical properties, the enhanced thermal performance of the 3D-printed samples suggests potential for sustainable, energy-efficient construction. The findings highlight the critical role of pore structure, especially at layer interfaces, in determining the strength and insulation properties of 3D-printed mortars. This work provides valuable insights into the trade-offs between strength and thermal insulation when using lightweight aggregates, offering a pathway to more energy-efficient and sustainable 3D-printed buildings with potential lower operational carbon footprints for 3D-printing construction.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To overcome the high brittleness, water absorption tendency, and acidity of phosphogypsum (PG), a novel type of phosphogypsum-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube short column is proposed. The effect of the inner diameter, fiber winding angle, and thickness of the FRP tube on the axial compression performance of phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube specimens was investigated through experimental and theoretical research. Compared to unconfined PG short columns, phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube short columns exhibit a 326.0 %–822.0 % increase in ultimate bearing capacity, a 1336.6 %–2638.5 % increase in ultimate axial deformation, and a 954.7 %–1911.1 % increase in ductility coefficient. The compressive strength of confined PG increases as the inner diameter, the thickness and the fiber winding angle increase of the FRP tube. A theoretical model based on Samaan et al. for the axial stress-axial strain curve of phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube specimens was developed. Using this model, a parametric analysis was conducted, highlighting the significant impact of FRP tube inner diameter, thickness, fiber winding angle, and hoop tensile strength on the axial stress-axial strain curve of phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube specimens. The innovative method proposed in this paper improves the axial compressive performance of PG, expanding its potential for engineering applications.
{"title":"Axial compressive behavior of phosphogypsum-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tube short columns: Test and theoretical analysis","authors":"Ze-hua Wang, Zhuo-qun Liu, Han-ming Zhang, Qiang Fang, Wen-tong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112172","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the high brittleness, water absorption tendency, and acidity of phosphogypsum (PG), a novel type of phosphogypsum-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube short column is proposed. The effect of the inner diameter, fiber winding angle, and thickness of the FRP tube on the axial compression performance of phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube specimens was investigated through experimental and theoretical research. Compared to unconfined PG short columns, phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube short columns exhibit a 326.0 %–822.0 % increase in ultimate bearing capacity, a 1336.6 %–2638.5 % increase in ultimate axial deformation, and a 954.7 %–1911.1 % increase in ductility coefficient. The compressive strength of confined PG increases as the inner diameter, the thickness and the fiber winding angle increase of the FRP tube. A theoretical model based on Samaan et al. for the axial stress-axial strain curve of phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube specimens was developed. Using this model, a parametric analysis was conducted, highlighting the significant impact of FRP tube inner diameter, thickness, fiber winding angle, and hoop tensile strength on the axial stress-axial strain curve of phosphogypsum-filled FRP tube specimens. The innovative method proposed in this paper improves the axial compressive performance of PG, expanding its potential for engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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