Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology最新文献

Background: The intricate interplay between stemness markers and cell death pathways significantly influences the pathophysiology of cervical cancer. SOX2, a pivotal regulator of stem cell pluripotency, has recently been implicated in the modulation of ferroptosis, a specialized form of iron-dependent cell death, in cancer dynamics. This study delineates the role of SOX2 in the ferroptotic landscape of cervical carcinoma.

Objective: To delineate the association between SOX2 expression and ferroptosis in cervical cancer and develop a robust, SOX2-centric model for predicting prognosis and enhancing personalized treatment.

Methods: A multidimensional approach integrating advanced bioinformatics, comprehensive molecular profiling, and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms was employed to assess SOX2 expression patterns and their correlation with ferroptosis marker expression patterns in cervical cancer tissues. A prognostic model incorporating the expression levels of SOX2 and ferroptosis indicators was meticulously constructed.

Results: This investigation revealed a profound and intricate correlation between SOX2 expression and ferroptotic processes in cervical cancer, substantiated by robust molecular evidence. The developed predictive model based on SOX2 expression exhibited superior prognostic accuracy and may guide therapeutic decision-making.

Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of SOX2 in orchestrating the ferroptosis pathway in cervical cancer and presents a novel prognostic framework. The SOX2-centric predictive model represents a significant advancement in prognosis evaluation, offering a gateway to personalized treatment for gynaecologic cancers.

Background: The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas constitute a critically important system of digestive and endocrine organs in the human body, performing essential and complex physiological functions. At present, diseases of this digestive system have a high incidence in the world and is a more common disease. However, osteopontin (OPN) plays a crucial role in common liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases, and its mechanisms of action merit further exploration and study.

Methods: We performed an analysis to assess the role of osteopontin in liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases, focusing on its significance in these conditions.

Results: Osteopontin, a profoundly phosphorylated glycoprotein, can be utilized as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiopathies. Additionally it assists in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, osteopontin regulates inflammatory responses in chronic pancreatitis.

Conclusions: This review offers a thorough analysis of the genetic and protein architecture of OPN, and elucidates the relationship between osteopontin and liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases. Furthermore, exclusive focus is lavished on the potential utility of OPN as a biomarker and an innovative therapeutic target in the management of these disorder.

Background: Regional lymph nodes that are fixed and fused into clusters or those exhibiting metastases outside the regional lymph nodes are generally classified as stage IV (M1) or unresectable. Patients with such nodes almost always need pre-operative treatment so that they can undergo surgical resection. Combining immunotherapy with trastuzumab and chemotherapy significantly improved the prognosis of HER-2 positive gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. However, very few reports are available on the role of immunotherapy in converting patients with unresectable cancer to resectable cancer.

Methods: In this study, we report on four patients with GC who were preoperatively treated with a combination of sintilimab, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy at Hubei Cancer Hospital, China, from January 2022 to October 2023. Both preoperative and postoperative clinical and pathological characteristics of each patient were analyzed. The preoperative tumor stage was cT4N3M1.

Results: Postoperative pathological results showed that two patients achieved pathological complete remission (pCR), while the pathological stage in the other two patients decreased to ypT1N0M0 and ypT2N0M0. None of them had nerve or vascular invasion. None of the patients had recurrences or metastases until the last follow-up (October 2024) after primary surgery. The present case report suggests that a combination of immunotherapy comprising trastuzumab and chemotherapy can improve the efficiency of conversion therapy for patients with HER-2 positive locally advanced G/GEJ cancer. This study also demonstrates the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a conversional treatment approach.

Conclusion: We showed that a pathological complete response (pCR) can be obtained even with unresectable advanced GC through treatment with sintilimab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab.

Background: Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly malignant tumors. A recent study proposed disulfidptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD), offering a new avenue for identifying tumor prognosis biomarkers and developing novel therapeutic targets.

Methods: Based on the expression data of 14 disulfideptosis-related genes extracted from public databases, a new molecular classification of HCC called the "disulfidptosis score" was constructed and its relationship to tumor immunity and prognosis was evaluated.

Results: Based on the expression of disulfideptosis-related genes, we performed cluster analysis on HCC samples from the TCGA cohort, which classified these patients into three clusters: A, B, and C, and the differentially expressed genes of different clusters were analyzed. A disulfidptosis score model was constructed by differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that disulfidptosis score was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. In addition, in various disulfidptosis score groups, notable disparities were observed concerning the tumor immune microenvironment as well as the expression of immune checkpoint.

Conclusion: Disulfidptosis score have an important role in predicting HCC prognosis and help guide us in providing better immunotherapy options for patients.

Background and objective: In current clinical medicine, pathological image diagnosis is the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. After pathologists determine whether breast lesions are malignant or benign, further sub-type classification is often necessary.

Methods: For this task, this study designed a multi-classification model for breast cancer pathological images based on a two-stage hybrid network. Due to limited sample size for breast sub-type data, this study selected the ResNet34 network as the base network and improved it as the first-level convolutional network, using transfer learning to assist network training. In order to compensate for the lack of long-distance dependencies in the convolutional network, the second-level network was designed to use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to capture contextual information in the images for predictive classification.

Results: For the 8 sub-types of breast cancer classification on the BreakHis (40×, 100×, 200×, 400×) dataset, the ensemble model achieved accuracy rates of 93.67%, 97.08%, 98.01%, and 94.73% respectively. For the 4 sub-types of breast cancer classification on the ICIAR2018 (200×) dataset, the ensemble model achieved accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score rates of 93.75%, 92.5%, 92.5%, and 92.5% respectively.

Conclusion: The results show that the multi-classification model proposed in this study outperforms other methods in terms of classification performance, and further demonstrate that the proposed RFSAM module is beneficial for improving model performance.

Aims: We aimed to describe treatment of lung cancer patients in Germany based on health claims data, focusing particularly on differences by age.

Materials and methods: Using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD, ~ 20% of the German population) we identified lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2015-2018 based on a previously developed algorithm and followed them until death, end of continuous insurance or end of 2020. We described initial treatment patterns after diagnosis and survival, stratified among others by age.

Results: We included 42,629 incident lung cancer patients (58% male). Surgery within three months after diagnosis was performed in 36%, 31%, 29% and 18% of patients aged < 50, 50-69, 70-79 and ≥ 80, respectively. Among patients without surgery, systemic therapy was administered in 77%, 72%, 54% and 25% of patients aged < 50, 50-69, 70-79 and ≥ 80, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies were administered in 15-30% of patients across age groups, and 4% to 15% received protein kinase inhibitors. Overall, 21% of patients remained untreated. In the age groups < 50, 50-69, 70-79 and ≥ 80, this proportions was 9%, 12%, 22% and 48%, respectively.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the therapy of lung cancer patients in Germany and quantitatively demonstrates the considerable differences between age groups. In terms of clinical cancer registration, the results are useful to estimate the completeness of data for the different types of treatment.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits a substantial morbidity and mortality rate, with its aetiology and pathogenesis remain elusive. It holds significant importance within the tumour microenvironment (TME) and exerts a crucial regulatory influence on tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. TAMs possess the capability to foster CRC pathogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis, immune evasion, and tumour resistance. Furthermore, TAMs can mediate the prognosis of CRC. In this paper, we review the mechanisms by which natural compounds target TAMs to exert anti-CRC effects from the perspective of the promotional effects of TAMs on CRC, mainly regulating the polarization of TAMs, reducing the infiltration and recruitment of TAMs, enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages, and regulating the signalling pathways and cytokines, and discuss the potential value and therapeutic strategies of natural compounds-targeting the TAMs pathway in CRC clinical treatment.

Niemann-Pick Type C1 (NPC1) plays a significant role in the development of liver diseases and liver cancer. Our objective was to investigate the involvement of NPC1 in regulating liver cancer development. We observed that high levels of NPC1 expression in tumor tissues from patients with liver cancer were associated with a poor prognosis. Through in vitro experiments, we found that inhibiting NPC1 expression reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of liver cancer cells, while also inducing apoptosis in these cells. Additionally, the inhibition of NPC1 led to decreased activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In vivo studies further supported our findings by demonstrating that the suppression of liver cancer cell growth was effectively achieved through the inhibition of NPC1. Overall, our results strongly indicate that the inhibition of NPC1 suppresses liver cancer cell proliferation. Targeting NPC1 is a promising potential therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.

Purpose: Cancer outcome is dependent on multiple predetermining factors including cancer, type of cancer and its related factors. This study aims to investigate the association between COVID-19 & cancer/cancer types, focusing on risk of in-hospital mortality within 30 days of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients with cancer.

Materials and methods: We did a registry (National Clinical Registry for COVID-19) based retrospective observational study including 51,544 patients, of whom 976 were patients with cancer, admitted with COVID-19 between August 2020 and August 2023 across 42 hospitals of India.

Results: Out of 51,544 patients, 976 (1.8%) had cancer. Hematological malignancies made up 15.06% (147 cases), while solid cancers accounted for 29.5% (288 cases), with genitourinary (18.4%, 80 cases), gastrointestinal (15.2%, 49 cases), and lung cancers (10.1%, 34 cases) being the most common. Solid cancers had the highest in-hospital mortality rate at 25%. Survival analysis showed that cancer-related hazards were highest at admission but decreased to levels comparable with other morbidities within nine to ten days. For each cancer type, the hazard was significantly elevated compared to that of the cancer-free (Other Comorbidities and No Comorbiditiy) groups during the initial period of hospitalization. The use of Remdesivir, steroids, and anticoagulants reduced mortality risk, and prior COVID-19 vaccination was protective against mortality across all cancer types.

Conclusion: This study shows that both cancer in general and specific cancer types significantly increase the risk of severe outcomes among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, especially immediately after hospitalization. The findings highlight the need for close monitoring and personalized interventions for COVID-19 patients with cancer for at least 10 days post-hospitalization, with a more specific high-risk period ranging from 7 to 18 days depending on the type of cancer.