O. B. Onyeukwu, D. C. Dibie, Ogochukwu Tracy Njideaka
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a shrub that belongs to the family Malvacea. Over 200 different species of Hibiscus exist worldwide. Hisbiscus sabdariffa has been noted to have a high nutritional potential, particularly in the leaves, calyces, and seeds. The Roselle calyx, which is used to make a variety of beverages, has been said to contain a significant amount of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, protein, lipids, carbs, and other nutrients. There are reports on the plants' antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, nutritive, and antihyperlipemic qualities. Reviewing the uses, the nutritional worth and therapeutic benefits of Hibiscus sabdariffa is the goal of this paper.
{"title":"Hibiscus sabdariffa - uses, nutritional and therapeutic benefits - A review","authors":"O. B. Onyeukwu, D. C. Dibie, Ogochukwu Tracy Njideaka","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.178","url":null,"abstract":"Hibiscus sabdariffa is a shrub that belongs to the family Malvacea. Over 200 different species of Hibiscus exist worldwide. Hisbiscus sabdariffa has been noted to have a high nutritional potential, particularly in the leaves, calyces, and seeds. The Roselle calyx, which is used to make a variety of beverages, has been said to contain a significant amount of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, protein, lipids, carbs, and other nutrients. There are reports on the plants' antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, nutritive, and antihyperlipemic qualities. Reviewing the uses, the nutritional worth and therapeutic benefits of Hibiscus sabdariffa is the goal of this paper.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76850902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the potentials of sweet potato peel as a substrate for itaconic acid production in solid state fermentation using naturally occurring fungi. Sweet potato peel was analyzed for proximate composition using standard methods. Fungi were obtained from the peel by solid state fermentation and identified using microscopic and molecular methods. Fermentation for itaconic acid production was done using isolated fungus and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16888) was used as control. Optimization of fermentation parameters was carried out using standard procedures. Assay for itaconic acid and total titratable acidity (TTA) were analyzed using standard methods. Reducing sugar was obtained using DNSA method. Proximate composition of the peel reveals carbohydrate content to be 79%, protein, 5% and ash, 4%. Fungus isolated was identified as Aspergillus flavus L-2482/2012. Highest itaconic acid production by A. flavus was 7.74±0.00 mg/ml on day 5 at 30 g substrate concentration. Using 2 ml of 1 x 107 spores/ml, A. flavus and A. niger produced 6.97±0.13 and 6.67±0.09 mg/ml respectively. Optimum temperature for itaconic acid production was 30°C for A. niger and A. flavus. TTA ranged between 0.04±0.00 to 0.21±0.01 and 0.05±0.00 to 0.26±0.00 mg/ml for A. niger and A. flavus respectively. The highest reducing sugar, 0.51±0.00 mg/ml was obtained at substrate concentration 40 mg/ml on day 5 by A. flavus while A. niger had reducing sugar value of 0.37±0.00 mg/ml. In conclusion, A. flavus L-2482/2012. has great potentials for itaconic acid production using sweet potato peel in solid state fermentation under optimized conditions.
{"title":"Production of itaconic acid from sweet potato (Ipomoea batata) peel using naturally occurring fungi in solid state fermentation","authors":"A. Ajiboye, M. Aliyu, M. Adedayo","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.180","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the potentials of sweet potato peel as a substrate for itaconic acid production in solid state fermentation using naturally occurring fungi. Sweet potato peel was analyzed for proximate composition using standard methods. Fungi were obtained from the peel by solid state fermentation and identified using microscopic and molecular methods. Fermentation for itaconic acid production was done using isolated fungus and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16888) was used as control. Optimization of fermentation parameters was carried out using standard procedures. Assay for itaconic acid and total titratable acidity (TTA) were analyzed using standard methods. Reducing sugar was obtained using DNSA method. Proximate composition of the peel reveals carbohydrate content to be 79%, protein, 5% and ash, 4%. Fungus isolated was identified as Aspergillus flavus L-2482/2012. Highest itaconic acid production by A. flavus was 7.74±0.00 mg/ml on day 5 at 30 g substrate concentration. Using 2 ml of 1 x 107 spores/ml, A. flavus and A. niger produced 6.97±0.13 and 6.67±0.09 mg/ml respectively. Optimum temperature for itaconic acid production was 30°C for A. niger and A. flavus. TTA ranged between 0.04±0.00 to 0.21±0.01 and 0.05±0.00 to 0.26±0.00 mg/ml for A. niger and A. flavus respectively. The highest reducing sugar, 0.51±0.00 mg/ml was obtained at substrate concentration 40 mg/ml on day 5 by A. flavus while A. niger had reducing sugar value of 0.37±0.00 mg/ml. In conclusion, A. flavus L-2482/2012. has great potentials for itaconic acid production using sweet potato peel in solid state fermentation under optimized conditions.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73176397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural waste is the residues from growing and processing raw agricultural products. They can be properly managed using fungi to produce economical materials such as pectinase enzymes that act as biological agents which are applicable in many areas. This research was aimed at producing pectinase by fungal-based solid-state fermentation of agricultural wastes. Fungi were isolated from dump sites soil using the pour plate method. These fungal isolates were inoculated into the pretreated agricultural waste, including watermelon, mango, and pineapple peels. The degradation period was 15 days on mineral salt solid media using separate flasks for each waste and fungus. They were incubated at room temperature (28°C). The pectinase was assayed using pectin and DNSA (dinitrosalicyclic acid). Fungal isolates were identified and screened for pectinase production using standard methods. The pH and temperature were optimized to study the effect on pectinase activities using standard procedures and pectinase was purified using column sephadex G-100. Molecular identifications were carried out on the isolates using 18srRNA gene primers. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger strain AGF3 (OM273994), Penicillium Chrysogenum strain AGF2 (OM273982) and Cladosporium tenuissimum strain AGF1 (OM273981). Aspergillus niger strain AGF3 (OM273994) produced the highest specific pectinase activities in mango waste (2400 U/mg. protein/ mL and it can be compared to what was produced by Cladosporium tenuissimum strain AGF1 (OM273981) (1590 U/mg. protein/mL). High specific pecrtinase activity was also obtained from pineapple peels (2200 U/mg. protein/mL) produced by Cladosporium tenussimum strain AGF1 (OM273981). It can be concluded in this study that Aspergillus niger strain AGF3 (OM273994) and Cladosporium tenuissimum strain AGF1 (OM273981) were the best producers of pectinase using mango and pineapple peels, while Penicillium chrysogenum strain AGF2 (OM273982) produced substantial pectinase in all the three agricultural wastes but not at higher levels.
{"title":"Pectinase production by fungal-based solid-state fermentation of selected agricultural wastes","authors":"S. Awe, A. Ajiboye, F. Agboola","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.179","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural waste is the residues from growing and processing raw agricultural products. They can be properly managed using fungi to produce economical materials such as pectinase enzymes that act as biological agents which are applicable in many areas. This research was aimed at producing pectinase by fungal-based solid-state fermentation of agricultural wastes. Fungi were isolated from dump sites soil using the pour plate method. These fungal isolates were inoculated into the pretreated agricultural waste, including watermelon, mango, and pineapple peels. The degradation period was 15 days on mineral salt solid media using separate flasks for each waste and fungus. They were incubated at room temperature (28°C). The pectinase was assayed using pectin and DNSA (dinitrosalicyclic acid). Fungal isolates were identified and screened for pectinase production using standard methods. The pH and temperature were optimized to study the effect on pectinase activities using standard procedures and pectinase was purified using column sephadex G-100. Molecular identifications were carried out on the isolates using 18srRNA gene primers. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger strain AGF3 (OM273994), Penicillium Chrysogenum strain AGF2 (OM273982) and Cladosporium tenuissimum strain AGF1 (OM273981). Aspergillus niger strain AGF3 (OM273994) produced the highest specific pectinase activities in mango waste (2400 U/mg. protein/ mL and it can be compared to what was produced by Cladosporium tenuissimum strain AGF1 (OM273981) (1590 U/mg. protein/mL). High specific pecrtinase activity was also obtained from pineapple peels (2200 U/mg. protein/mL) produced by Cladosporium tenussimum strain AGF1 (OM273981). It can be concluded in this study that Aspergillus niger strain AGF3 (OM273994) and Cladosporium tenuissimum strain AGF1 (OM273981) were the best producers of pectinase using mango and pineapple peels, while Penicillium chrysogenum strain AGF2 (OM273982) produced substantial pectinase in all the three agricultural wastes but not at higher levels.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87937761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of Ultra-Violet (UV) irradiation and acridine orange dye on L-glutamic acid producing Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium was investigated. The selected mutant strains and wild types of B. subtilis and B. megaterium were immobilized and used for L-glutamic acid production. The Bacillus strains were exposed to UV irradiation and treated with acridine orange dye respectively. The survived Bacillus strains were found to reduce as the exposure time and concentration of the mutagens increased in this study. Four mutants of B. subtilis and two mutants of B. megaterium were selected for L-glutamic acid production. Mutant strain of B. subtilis (MAIR4) treated with acridine orange dye yielded the highest L-glutamic acid (4.62 mg/mL) at 72 hours. L-glutamic acid production by mutant wild and strains of B. subtilis and B. megaterium immobilized on sodium alginate, Agar-agar matrix and poly urethane foam ranged from 1.65 to 4.03 mg/mL, 2.04 to 3.98 mg/ mL and 1.89 to 3.39 mg/mL, respectively with B. megaterium (MUSO17) on sodium alginate producing the highest L-glutamic acid. Sodium alginate was the best supporting matrix for the production of L-glutamic acid in this research. Immobilization of mutant strains of Bacillus megaterium (MASO17) exposed to UV irradiation using sodium alginate supported the L-glutamic acid production.
{"title":"L-glutamic acid production by immobilized wild and mutant Bacillus species","authors":"O. T. Durojaye, B. Adebayo-Tayo, A. Onifade","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.174","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Ultra-Violet (UV) irradiation and acridine orange dye on L-glutamic acid producing Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium was investigated. The selected mutant strains and wild types of B. subtilis and B. megaterium were immobilized and used for L-glutamic acid production. The Bacillus strains were exposed to UV irradiation and treated with acridine orange dye respectively. The survived Bacillus strains were found to reduce as the exposure time and concentration of the mutagens increased in this study. Four mutants of B. subtilis and two mutants of B. megaterium were selected for L-glutamic acid production. Mutant strain of B. subtilis (MAIR4) treated with acridine orange dye yielded the highest L-glutamic acid (4.62 mg/mL) at 72 hours. L-glutamic acid production by mutant wild and strains of B. subtilis and B. megaterium immobilized on sodium alginate, Agar-agar matrix and poly urethane foam ranged from 1.65 to 4.03 mg/mL, 2.04 to 3.98 mg/ mL and 1.89 to 3.39 mg/mL, respectively with B. megaterium (MUSO17) on sodium alginate producing the highest L-glutamic acid. Sodium alginate was the best supporting matrix for the production of L-glutamic acid in this research. Immobilization of mutant strains of Bacillus megaterium (MASO17) exposed to UV irradiation using sodium alginate supported the L-glutamic acid production.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87970749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opeyemi Olumuyiwa Otuewu, S. T. Akindele, Solomon Aderemi Akapo, Abdulrasak Alao Abdulkareem, Temitayo Adewale Adefuwa, M. Adeyanju
Cassava starch can be completely hydrolyzed to produce a sweetener that can be used as a substitute for refined sugars and artificial sweeteners in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This work was designed to isolate and identify a good amylase producing fungus from cassava flour and to extract, purify, and partially characterize α-amylase produced. The enzyme was produced through solid-state fermentation followed by 70% ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography on Carboxyl-Methyl (CM) Sephadex C25. The physicochemical properties of the purified enzyme were determined. The peak with the highest activity was pooled from the latter chromatographic step and characterized afterward. The enzyme’s specific activity rose from 0.11 to 2.1 U/mg having a yield of 15.8% and a purification fold of 19.1. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 6.0 and 50°C respectively. The enzyme was observed to be thermo-stable at 50°C for 15 to 30 minutes. The kinetics revealed that the Vmax was 1.25 U/min while Km was 0.2 mg/ml. The enzyme’s native and sub-unit molecular weights were found to be 22 and 18.5KDa respectively. The results revealed conclusively that the isolated enzyme from Aspergillus tamarii exhibited the properties of glucoamylase.
{"title":"Biochemical properties of α-amylase isolated from Aspergillus tamarii from cassava starch using solid state fermentation","authors":"Opeyemi Olumuyiwa Otuewu, S. T. Akindele, Solomon Aderemi Akapo, Abdulrasak Alao Abdulkareem, Temitayo Adewale Adefuwa, M. Adeyanju","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.183","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava starch can be completely hydrolyzed to produce a sweetener that can be used as a substitute for refined sugars and artificial sweeteners in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This work was designed to isolate and identify a good amylase producing fungus from cassava flour and to extract, purify, and partially characterize α-amylase produced. The enzyme was produced through solid-state fermentation followed by 70% ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography on Carboxyl-Methyl (CM) Sephadex C25. The physicochemical properties of the purified enzyme were determined. The peak with the highest activity was pooled from the latter chromatographic step and characterized afterward. The enzyme’s specific activity rose from 0.11 to 2.1 U/mg having a yield of 15.8% and a purification fold of 19.1. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 6.0 and 50°C respectively. The enzyme was observed to be thermo-stable at 50°C for 15 to 30 minutes. The kinetics revealed that the Vmax was 1.25 U/min while Km was 0.2 mg/ml. The enzyme’s native and sub-unit molecular weights were found to be 22 and 18.5KDa respectively. The results revealed conclusively that the isolated enzyme from Aspergillus tamarii exhibited the properties of glucoamylase.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78504358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Dantanko, O. B. Ojiego, Halima Ibrahim, Z. Bello, C. Abiamere, Y. Malann, Hadiza Dantanko
Mosquitoes are small, midget flies that transmit harmful infections such as malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever in Nigeria. Its control using a synthetic insecticide is becoming increasingly difficult due to high cost, persistence in the environment, and development of resistance by the mosquitoes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adulticidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of the above ground parts of Laggera pterodonta and Laggera aurita against adult Anopheles gambiae. Dried Laggera pterodonta and Laggera aurita were individually macerated with 70% ethanol to obtain the crude extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, flavonoids and terpenoids in both Laggera pterodonta and Laggera aurita while tanins and alkaloids were present in Laggera aurita only. The extracts were tested against 4-5 days old laboratory-reared adult Anopheles gambiae. The findings revealed that the adulticidal lethal concentration LC50 of L. pterodonta crude extract was 4553 mg/L while the LC50 of L. aurita was 5582 mg/L. The result suggests the extracts are potential natural insecticides against adult An. gambiae mosquitoes.
{"title":"Mosquito adulticidal activities of crude extracts from above ground part of Laggera pterodonta (D.C) Sch.Bip and Laggera aurita (D.C) Sch.Bip against malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae","authors":"F. Dantanko, O. B. Ojiego, Halima Ibrahim, Z. Bello, C. Abiamere, Y. Malann, Hadiza Dantanko","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.181","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are small, midget flies that transmit harmful infections such as malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever in Nigeria. Its control using a synthetic insecticide is becoming increasingly difficult due to high cost, persistence in the environment, and development of resistance by the mosquitoes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adulticidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of the above ground parts of Laggera pterodonta and Laggera aurita against adult Anopheles gambiae. Dried Laggera pterodonta and Laggera aurita were individually macerated with 70% ethanol to obtain the crude extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, flavonoids and terpenoids in both Laggera pterodonta and Laggera aurita while tanins and alkaloids were present in Laggera aurita only. The extracts were tested against 4-5 days old laboratory-reared adult Anopheles gambiae. The findings revealed that the adulticidal lethal concentration LC50 of L. pterodonta crude extract was 4553 mg/L while the LC50 of L. aurita was 5582 mg/L. The result suggests the extracts are potential natural insecticides against adult An. gambiae mosquitoes.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85300294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. O. Osidoma, V. Pam, N. Uzoigwe, A. Ombugadu, I. Omalu, J. Maikenti, A. Attah, M. A. Ashigar, S. Dogo
The paucity of information on malaria vectors in rural areas continues to pose a problem in the public health sector in Nigeria. Thus, the study on mosquitoes composition and malaria transmission in some communities in Doma Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa State, Nigeria was carried out between April and July 2021. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected using standard pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) from 0600 to 0900 hours. The mosquitoes collected were transferred into a well labelled petri-dish and transported to the laboratory for processing. A total of 1,317 mosquitoes were collected which spread across Iwashi 1,132 (85.9%) and Ruttu 185 (14.0%) communities. The results obtained indicate that the Anopheles mosquitoes had a higher abundance of 1,020 (77.4%) mosquitoes of which females constituted 886 (67.3%) of the population collected while the anopheline males accounted for 134 (10.2%). The abundance of mosquitoes in relation to groups, species and sex respectively varied significantly (p < 0.05). A zero (0.0%) sporozoite rate was recorded from the 654 female Anopheles gambiae s. l. dissected, although oocyst was seen in the alimentary canal of 78 (11.9%) mosquitoes which may be an indicator of possible potential transmission. The results obtained from this study call on all the inhabitants of the two selected communities as well as Doma LGA at large to always clear all potential mosquitoes breeding sites. Also, members of the communities should ensure proper protection against vector-human contact by sleeping under insecticide treated bed nets.
{"title":"A study on mosquitoes composition and malaria transmission in some communities in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"E. O. Osidoma, V. Pam, N. Uzoigwe, A. Ombugadu, I. Omalu, J. Maikenti, A. Attah, M. A. Ashigar, S. Dogo","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2023.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2023.176","url":null,"abstract":"The paucity of information on malaria vectors in rural areas continues to pose a problem in the public health sector in Nigeria. Thus, the study on mosquitoes composition and malaria transmission in some communities in Doma Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa State, Nigeria was carried out between April and July 2021. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected using standard pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) from 0600 to 0900 hours. The mosquitoes collected were transferred into a well labelled petri-dish and transported to the laboratory for processing. A total of 1,317 mosquitoes were collected which spread across Iwashi 1,132 (85.9%) and Ruttu 185 (14.0%) communities. The results obtained indicate that the Anopheles mosquitoes had a higher abundance of 1,020 (77.4%) mosquitoes of which females constituted 886 (67.3%) of the population collected while the anopheline males accounted for 134 (10.2%). The abundance of mosquitoes in relation to groups, species and sex respectively varied significantly (p < 0.05). A zero (0.0%) sporozoite rate was recorded from the 654 female Anopheles gambiae s. l. dissected, although oocyst was seen in the alimentary canal of 78 (11.9%) mosquitoes which may be an indicator of possible potential transmission. The results obtained from this study call on all the inhabitants of the two selected communities as well as Doma LGA at large to always clear all potential mosquitoes breeding sites. Also, members of the communities should ensure proper protection against vector-human contact by sleeping under insecticide treated bed nets.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74593374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a subcategory of cardiovascular diseases, has become a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress resulting from increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidants plays a major role in the pathophysiology of ACS. This study evaluated the activities of certain oxidase and antioxidant enzymes in circulation and neutrophils to determine their roles in increased oxidative stress in patients with ACS. A total of 52 patients with ACS admitted in the coronary care unit of two tertiary hospitals and 52 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from all subjects, and various oxidase and antioxidant enzymes in neutrophils and circulation were assayed. The patients had significantly higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts than the controls. In patients, the mean (±SD) serum activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (12.83±6.6 U/L) and superoxidase dismutase (4.34±1.41 U/mL) were significantly higher than in the control group (4.88±3.03 U/L and 3.02±1.7 U/mL, respectively) while the catalase had significantly lower activities (33.36±13.16 U/mL vs. 63.98±31.86 U/mL). In neutrophils, the activities of myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase and catalase were significantly higher in ACS patients, while superoxidase dismutase was significantly lower. Further, significant positive correlations were found between activities of myeloperoxidase and catalase, and NADPH oxidase and superoxidase dismutase in neutrophils of ACS patients. These findings revealed that higher activities of myeloperoxidase and NADPH oxidase, both in serum and neutrophils, lead to increased oxidative stress and form the inflammatory basis of ACS, and the antioxidant enzymes combat the events.
{"title":"Role of oxidase and antioxidant enzymes in neutrophils and blood circulation in patients with acute coronary syndrome","authors":"M. Islam, M. Habib, Fahmida Akter Lia, L. Islam","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2022.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2022.172","url":null,"abstract":"Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a subcategory of cardiovascular diseases, has become a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress resulting from increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidants plays a major role in the pathophysiology of ACS. This study evaluated the activities of certain oxidase and antioxidant enzymes in circulation and neutrophils to determine their roles in increased oxidative stress in patients with ACS. A total of 52 patients with ACS admitted in the coronary care unit of two tertiary hospitals and 52 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from all subjects, and various oxidase and antioxidant enzymes in neutrophils and circulation were assayed. The patients had significantly higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts than the controls. In patients, the mean (±SD) serum activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (12.83±6.6 U/L) and superoxidase dismutase (4.34±1.41 U/mL) were significantly higher than in the control group (4.88±3.03 U/L and 3.02±1.7 U/mL, respectively) while the catalase had significantly lower activities (33.36±13.16 U/mL vs. 63.98±31.86 U/mL). In neutrophils, the activities of myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase and catalase were significantly higher in ACS patients, while superoxidase dismutase was significantly lower. Further, significant positive correlations were found between activities of myeloperoxidase and catalase, and NADPH oxidase and superoxidase dismutase in neutrophils of ACS patients. These findings revealed that higher activities of myeloperoxidase and NADPH oxidase, both in serum and neutrophils, lead to increased oxidative stress and form the inflammatory basis of ACS, and the antioxidant enzymes combat the events.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79108991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Mohammed, A. M. Enemaduku, Safiya D. Yahaya, A. Muhammad, Kolo O. Oyeronke
This research study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of ointment formulated with Jatropha curcas leaf extracts based on wistrar rat model. The therapeutic activities of the plant extracts were determined by topical application of the herbal ointment. Wound healing rate took place on the 16th day of post treatment with 1.0 g of J. curcas ointment formulation and 12th day with 2.0 g of the ointment, was similar compared with standard drug Gentamicin ointment (12 days). The control untreated group (62.3±0.51%) rate of wound closure observed persisted beyond the 19th day of post-wounding. The haematological parameters of the infected rats treated with herbal ointment and the control group untreated were not significant different (p>0.05). Significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count in untreated group was recorded when compared with the treated group. However, treatment with the formulated ointments significantly increase the elevated WBC count in the treated group. The toxicological parameters in the serum of the rats are useful makers for the assessment of tissue damage. The serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activities in the treated and untreated experimental groups were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The phytochemical components found in J. curcas leaves contain some useful potential antimicrobial agents that possess wound healing properties when formulated into a topical ointment for topical application.
{"title":"Evaluation of wound healing potential of Jatropha curcas leaf extracts ointment based on wound infection in Wistar rats model","authors":"A. S. Mohammed, A. M. Enemaduku, Safiya D. Yahaya, A. Muhammad, Kolo O. Oyeronke","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2022.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2022.167","url":null,"abstract":"This research study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of ointment formulated with Jatropha curcas leaf extracts based on wistrar rat model. The therapeutic activities of the plant extracts were determined by topical application of the herbal ointment. Wound healing rate took place on the 16th day of post treatment with 1.0 g of J. curcas ointment formulation and 12th day with 2.0 g of the ointment, was similar compared with standard drug Gentamicin ointment (12 days). The control untreated group (62.3±0.51%) rate of wound closure observed persisted beyond the 19th day of post-wounding. The haematological parameters of the infected rats treated with herbal ointment and the control group untreated were not significant different (p>0.05). Significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count in untreated group was recorded when compared with the treated group. However, treatment with the formulated ointments significantly increase the elevated WBC count in the treated group. The toxicological parameters in the serum of the rats are useful makers for the assessment of tissue damage. The serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activities in the treated and untreated experimental groups were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The phytochemical components found in J. curcas leaves contain some useful potential antimicrobial agents that possess wound healing properties when formulated into a topical ointment for topical application.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77578965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivian Chinasa Woke, Petrus Uchenna Inyama, D. N. Aribodor, N. Ebere, I. Omalu, S. Eke
Malaria is one of the public health problems facing people in many parts of Nigeria. To effectively implement malaria control program, baseline studies of species abundance and their susceptibility status to insecticides is required. The aim of the study was to carry out baseline studies on malaria vectors, species abundance and susceptibility status of local malaria vectors in five communities in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State. Mosquito larvae were collected from different breeding sites, reared in the insectary and identified morphologically. Data collected were analyzed using SAS software and statistics software GraphPad Software. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (RHO) was used in comparing Indoor Resting Density (IRD) and Man Biting Rates (MBR). A Total of 1,415 adult indoor mosquitoes were caught comprising of two (2) genera. Of these, 87.21% were Anopheles gambiae s.l. and 12.79% were Culex spp. There was a statistical difference (p<0.0001) in the distribution of Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes caught. The highest percentage of Anopheles mosquitoes were caught at Emohua 26.74%, followed by Rumuji 22.77%, Egbeda 21.96%, Akpabu 17.10% and the least was Elele 11.43%. Examination of their abdominal conditions to determine feeding frequency indicated that the average number of fed mosquitoes ranged from 0.17-15.13 with a peak of 15.13 in the month of September in Elele. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) in Indoor Resting Density (IRD) and Man Biting Rate (MBR) in the area. This study has contributed to the understanding of the distribution, composition and indoor resting behaviour of mosquito vectors in the study areas.
{"title":"Exploratory studies of Anopheles species abundance in five selected communities of Emohua LGA, Rivers State","authors":"Vivian Chinasa Woke, Petrus Uchenna Inyama, D. N. Aribodor, N. Ebere, I. Omalu, S. Eke","doi":"10.31248/jbbd2022.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2022.163","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is one of the public health problems facing people in many parts of Nigeria. To effectively implement malaria control program, baseline studies of species abundance and their susceptibility status to insecticides is required. The aim of the study was to carry out baseline studies on malaria vectors, species abundance and susceptibility status of local malaria vectors in five communities in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State. Mosquito larvae were collected from different breeding sites, reared in the insectary and identified morphologically. Data collected were analyzed using SAS software and statistics software GraphPad Software. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (RHO) was used in comparing Indoor Resting Density (IRD) and Man Biting Rates (MBR). A Total of 1,415 adult indoor mosquitoes were caught comprising of two (2) genera. Of these, 87.21% were Anopheles gambiae s.l. and 12.79% were Culex spp. There was a statistical difference (p<0.0001) in the distribution of Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes caught. The highest percentage of Anopheles mosquitoes were caught at Emohua 26.74%, followed by Rumuji 22.77%, Egbeda 21.96%, Akpabu 17.10% and the least was Elele 11.43%. Examination of their abdominal conditions to determine feeding frequency indicated that the average number of fed mosquitoes ranged from 0.17-15.13 with a peak of 15.13 in the month of September in Elele. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) in Indoor Resting Density (IRD) and Man Biting Rate (MBR) in the area. This study has contributed to the understanding of the distribution, composition and indoor resting behaviour of mosquito vectors in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":15121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78421238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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