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2017 43rd Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)最新文献

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On the Relation Between Unit Testing and Code Quality 论单元测试与代码质量的关系
Lucas Gren, Vard Antinyan
Unit testing has been considered as having a key role in building high quality software, and therefore it has been widely used in practice. However, data on the relationship between unit testing and aspects of software quality remain scarce. A survey study with 235 survey responses from seven organizations was conducted in order to understand the correlation between practitioners' perception of code quality and unit testing practices. In addition, we conducted a case study in one of these organizations to investigate the correlation between unit test coverage and post-unit test defects. In both cases none or weak correlations were found. We recommend further research on the effectiveness of different testing practices in order to help practitioners to understand how to best allocate their resources to the testing chain.
单元测试被认为是构建高质量软件的关键角色,因此在实践中得到了广泛的应用。然而,关于单元测试和软件质量方面之间关系的数据仍然很少。为了理解实践者对代码质量的感知和单元测试实践之间的相关性,对来自7个组织的235个调查回应进行了调查研究。另外,我们在其中一个组织中进行了一个案例研究,以调查单元测试覆盖率和后单元测试缺陷之间的相关性。在这两种情况下,没有发现或发现微弱的相关性。我们建议进一步研究不同测试实践的有效性,以帮助从业者了解如何最好地将他们的资源分配给测试链。
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引用次数: 12
Smart Grids Co-Simulations with Low-Cost Hardware 智能电网与低成本硬件的联合仿真
Martin Schvarcbacher, B. Rossi
Smart Grids have nowadays gained wide diffusion and relevance. Due to the complexity of the grid, many Smart Grids laboratories have emerged over the years to provide partially virtualized environments for testing and co-simulation testbeds for the modern grid. However, the costs for setting-up Smart Grids laboratories are substantial, representing a barrier for newcomers and for educational purposes. In this paper, we propose an hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) architectural solution based on Arduino and Raspberry PI boards, supported by the Mosaik framework to simulate different Smart Grids scenarios on a small and cost-effective scale. We highlight the educational benefits that the solution can bring for understanding simulations and HIL in an affordable & effective way in an easy-to-deploy environment.
如今,智能电网已经得到了广泛的推广和应用。由于电网的复杂性,近年来出现了许多智能电网实验室,为现代电网提供部分虚拟化的测试环境和联合仿真试验台。然而,建立智能电网实验室的成本很高,这对新来者和教育目的来说是一个障碍。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于Arduino和Raspberry PI板的硬件在环(HIL)架构解决方案,在Mosaik框架的支持下,以小而经济的规模模拟不同的智能电网场景。我们强调该解决方案可以在易于部署的环境中以经济有效的方式为理解模拟和HIL带来的教育效益。
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引用次数: 8
A Survey of Practitioners Use of Open Innovation 开放式创新实践者使用调查
S. Fernandez, Richard Berntsson-Svensson
In recent years, the influence of open innovation has become more and more important in the development of software products and services. However, open innovation is still unexplored for software-intensive organizations and its potential impact on the organization's innovative performance. In this paper we present the results of an empirical study carried out to gauge common experiences within open innovation in the requirements engineering process, and to understand the barriers and drivers for using open innovation. A web-based questionnaire was sent out to 54 industry practitioners, of which 35 answered. The results show that open innovation as part of the requirements engineering process is becoming more and more fully exploited from both the outside and inside. Moreover, potential drivers for using open innovation include, new generated ideas and higher costumer benefits, while identified barriers include, hard finding the right partner and lack of innovativeness.
近年来,开放式创新在软件产品和服务发展中的影响越来越重要。然而,开放式创新对于软件密集型组织及其对组织创新绩效的潜在影响仍未被探索。在本文中,我们提出了一项实证研究的结果,该研究旨在衡量需求工程过程中开放式创新的共同经验,并了解使用开放式创新的障碍和驱动因素。一份基于网络的调查问卷向54名行业从业者发出,其中35人回答了问题。结果表明,开放式创新作为需求工程过程的一部分,正从外部和内部得到越来越充分的利用。此外,使用开放式创新的潜在驱动因素包括新产生的想法和更高的客户利益,而确定的障碍包括难以找到合适的合作伙伴和缺乏创新。
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引用次数: 2
Support for Verifying Pervasive Behavior by Mapping Task Models to Petri Nets 通过将任务模型映射到Petri网来验证普适行为
Estefanía Serral, J. Smedt, M. Snoeck
Task Models (TMs) that can adapt to context are a state-of-the-art executable modeling language that has proven to be successful in the automation and support of daily user tasks in pervasive systems. TMs are intuitive and easy to use to design such systems, however, they do not provide any verification technique for ensuring their correctness. To enable verification checking, we investigate and define mappings that can translate TMs to Context-Adaptive Petri Nets (CAPNs). CAPN is a recently proposed formalism to support Petri Nets (PNs) that take into account their execution context. Using PN as a base, CAPN provides powerful techniques for behavior simulation and verification. By applying the defined mappings, pervasive system's behavior can be intuitively represented using task models and then translated to their equivalent CAPNs. These CAPNs can be then used to perform an exhaustive checking of the represented behavior at design time in order to ensure a proper and safe system execution at runtime.
能够适应上下文的任务模型(Task Models, TMs)是一种最先进的可执行建模语言,已被证明在普及系统中的日常用户任务的自动化和支持方面是成功的。TMs是直观的,并且易于使用来设计这样的系统,然而,它们不提供任何验证技术来确保它们的正确性。为了进行验证检查,我们研究并定义了可以将tm转换为上下文自适应Petri网(capn)的映射。CAPN是最近提出的一种支持Petri网(PNs)的形式,它考虑了它们的执行上下文。以PN为基础,CAPN为行为模拟和验证提供了强大的技术。通过应用定义的映射,可以使用任务模型直观地表示普及系统的行为,然后将其转换为等效的capn。然后可以使用这些capn在设计时对所表示的行为执行详尽的检查,以确保在运行时正确和安全的系统执行。
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引用次数: 0
Model-Based Physical System Deployment on Embedded Targets with Contract-Based Design 基于契约设计的嵌入式目标上基于模型的物理系统部署
Oktay Baris, P. D. Meulenaere, J. Steckel, Bart Forrier, Jan Croes, W. Desmet
Designing model-based physical systems has growing demand in consequence of increasing system complexity. In particular, observers/estimators are extensively used for the applications requiring state or disturbance estimation. Designing and deploying such numerically intensive physical systems onto embedded targets is a challenging task that requires codesign among various stakeholders from different technical backgrounds.The most important challenge is to obtain a numeric behavior of the estimator from an embedded target, that is able to represent the physical system states/disturbance with an acceptable error margin. Moreover, this error margin needs to be decided by the stakeholders, which makes the overall embedded deployment a co-design problem. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate the cause of the estimation error of an estimator that is deployed to embedded targets. This error is studied in the form of precision loss in addition to the error originating in the decreasing estimator measurement frequency for the embedded targets. We propose Assume-Guarantee (A/G) contracts to reconcile the viewpoints of the stakeholders, who reside at different abstraction levels. The feasibility of the proposed physical system deployment method is presented by utilizing a model-based virtual sensor estimator deployment for embedded targets as a case study.
随着系统复杂性的增加,基于模型的物理系统的设计需求也越来越大。特别是,观测器/估计器被广泛用于需要状态或干扰估计的应用。在嵌入式目标上设计和部署这种数字密集型物理系统是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要来自不同技术背景的各种利益相关者之间的协同设计。最重要的挑战是从嵌入式目标中获得估计器的数值行为,它能够在可接受的误差范围内表示物理系统状态/干扰。此外,这个误差范围需要由涉众决定,这使得整个嵌入式部署成为一个协同设计问题。本文的主要贡献是研究了部署到嵌入式目标的估计器的估计误差的原因。除了嵌入目标的估计量测量频率下降引起的误差外,还以精度损失的形式研究了该误差。我们提出假设-保证(A/G)契约来协调处于不同抽象层次的利益相关者的观点。以基于模型的嵌入式目标虚拟传感器估计器部署为例,说明了所提出的物理系统部署方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 1
Your System Gets Better Every Day You Use It: Towards Automated Continuous Experimentation 你的系统每天使用都会变得更好:走向自动化的持续实验
D. I. Mattos, J. Bosch, H. H. Olsson
Innovation and optimization in software systems can occur from pre-development to post-deployment stages. Companies are increasingly reporting the use of experiments with customers in their systems in the post-deployment stage. Experiments with customers and users are can lead to a significant learning and return-on-investment. Experiments are used for both validation of manual hypothesis testing and feature optimization, linked to business goals. Automated experimentation refers to having the system controlling and running the experiments, opposed to having the R&D organization in control. Currently, there are no systematic approaches that combine manual hypothesis validation and optimization in automated experiments. This paper presents concepts related to automated experimentation, as controlled experiments, machine learning and software architectures for adaptation. However, this paper focuses on how architectural aspects that can contribute to support automated experimentation. A case study using an autonomous system is used to demonstrate the developed initial architecture framework. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, it identifies software architecture qualities to support automated experimentation. Second, it develops an initial architecture framework that supports automated experiments and validates the framework with an autonomous mobile robot. Third, it identifies key research challenges that need to be addressed to support further development of automated experimentation.
软件系统的创新和优化可以发生在开发前到部署后阶段。越来越多的公司报告说,在部署后阶段,他们在系统中与客户进行实验。与客户和用户的实验可以带来重要的学习和投资回报。实验用于验证人工假设测试和与业务目标相关的特征优化。自动化实验是指由系统控制和运行实验,而不是由研发机构控制。目前,在自动化实验中还没有将人工假设验证与优化相结合的系统方法。本文介绍了与自动化实验相关的概念,如控制实验、机器学习和适应软件架构。然而,本文关注的是架构方面如何有助于支持自动化实验。使用一个使用自治系统的案例研究来演示开发的初始架构框架。本文的贡献有三个方面。首先,它确定了支持自动化实验的软件体系结构质量。其次,开发了一个支持自动化实验的初始架构框架,并用自主移动机器人验证了该框架。第三,它确定了需要解决的关键研究挑战,以支持自动化实验的进一步发展。
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引用次数: 20
Utilizing Change Impact Analysis for Effort Estimation in Agile Development 在敏捷开发中利用变更影响分析进行工作量估算
Binish Tanveer, Anna Maria Vollmer, Ulf Martin Engel
Constantly evolving requirements and use of expert judgment makes effort estimation challenging in the Agile development context. To improve expert judgment based estimation (EE) methods, we introduced a framework to integrate these with change impact analysis (IA) techniques. In this paper, we report the findings of an empirical investigation which we performed together at SAP SE, a German multinational software corporation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concept of utilizing IA for EE. Furthermore, through mock-up we identified and further refined the workflow, and evaluated its usefulness from the perspective of agile development teams. The results indicate that the overall concept of utilizing change impact analysis is perceived as very useful for supporting effort estimation. The workflow instantiated via mock-up was understandable, easy to use, provides useful visualization capabilities and practitioners expressed interest to use it in their estimation process.
在敏捷开发环境中,不断变化的需求和专家判断的使用使得工作量估算具有挑战性。为了改进基于专家判断的估计(EE)方法,我们引入了一个框架,将这些方法与变化影响分析(IA)技术集成在一起。在本文中,我们报告了我们在德国跨国软件公司SAP SE共同进行的实证调查的结果。本研究的目的是评估利用IA进行情感表达的概念。此外,通过建模,我们确定并进一步细化了工作流,并从敏捷开发团队的角度评估了它的有用性。结果表明,利用变更影响分析的总体概念对于支持工作量估计是非常有用的。通过建模实例化的工作流是可以理解的,易于使用,提供了有用的可视化功能,并且从业者表示有兴趣在他们的评估过程中使用它。
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引用次数: 6
The Effect of Competitor Interaction on Startup’s Product Development 竞争对手互动对创业公司产品开发的影响
Nirnaya Tripathi, P. Seppänen, M. Oivo, Jouni Similä, K. Liukkunen
[Context and motivation] Due to lack of resources and teams with low levels of experience, startups face several challenges during their product development, such as product customization, attracting new customers, and mastering the technology uncertainty. To increase their market presence and compensate for their lack of resources, startups need to consider other options such as joint ventures and partnerships. [Question/problem] Some companies that share highly similar resources and businesses can be potential competitors with one another. The effect of interaction with such potential competitors with respect to startups to obtain expertise has not been often reported in the literature to date. [Principal ideas/results] In this study, we simulated two software startups in a controlled experiment to evaluate the effect of interaction with a potential competitor in the effort estimation process. A real startup case was also involved in analyzing the effect. The results of the study show that there is a statistically significant difference in the effectiveness when co-operating with a competitor in the process. Experiment participants also considered the interaction with the potential competitor useful based on the exchange of important information and ideas regarding the product domain. [Contribution] This paper contributes by demonstrating the effect of interaction with a potential competitor in the effort estimation process. In addition, our study encourages further research on startups working in with the competitors in other software engineering knowledge areas.
【背景与动机】由于缺乏资源和经验水平不高的团队,创业公司在产品开发过程中面临着产品定制、吸引新客户、掌握技术不确定性等挑战。为了增加市场占有率和弥补资源不足,初创公司需要考虑其他选择,如合资企业和合作伙伴关系。一些资源和业务高度相似的公司可能会成为彼此的潜在竞争对手。迄今为止,文献中还没有经常报道与这些潜在竞争对手互动对初创公司获得专业知识的影响。【主要观点/结果】在本研究中,我们模拟了两家软件初创公司的控制实验,以评估与潜在竞争对手的互动在工作量估算过程中的影响。并以一个真实的创业案例进行了效果分析。研究结果表明,在与竞争对手合作的过程中,其有效性存在统计学上的显著差异。实验参与者还认为,与潜在竞争对手的互动是有用的,因为他们可以交换有关产品领域的重要信息和想法。[贡献]本文通过展示在工作量估算过程中与潜在竞争对手交互的影响而做出贡献。此外,我们的研究鼓励进一步研究在其他软件工程知识领域与竞争对手合作的创业公司。
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引用次数: 8
Impact of Architectural Technical Debt on Daily Software Development Work — A Survey of Software Practitioners 架构技术债务对日常软件开发工作的影响——对软件从业者的调查
Terese Besker, A. Martini, J. Bosch
The negative consequences of Technical Debt is an area of increasing interest, and more specifically the Architectural aspects of it have received increased attention in the last few years. Besides the negative effects of Architectural Technical Debt on the overall software product quality in terms of hindering evolution and causing high maintenance costs, Architectural Technical Debt also has a significant negative impact on software practitioners' daily work. Although a great deal of theoretical work on Architectural Technical Debt has been undertaken, there is a lack of empirical studies that examine the negative effects of Architectural Technical Debt during the software development lifecycle. The aim of this study is to investigate how practitioners perceive and estimate the impact of Architectural Technical Debt during the software development process. This paper reports the results of an online web survey providing quantitative data from 258 participants. The contribution of this paper is threefold: First, it shows that practitioners experience that the Architectural type of Technical Debt has the highest negative impact on daily software development work. Secondly, we provide evidence that does not support the commonly held belief that Architectural Technical Debt increases with the age of the software. Thirdly, we show that despite different responsibilities and working tasks of software professionals, Architectural Technical Debt negatively affects all roles without any significant difference between the roles.
技术债务的负面后果是一个越来越受关注的领域,更具体地说,它的架构方面在过去几年中受到了越来越多的关注。除了架构技术债在阻碍发展和造成高维护成本方面对整个软件产品质量的负面影响外,架构技术债对软件从业者的日常工作也有显著的负面影响。尽管已经开展了大量关于架构技术债的理论工作,但是缺乏检验架构技术债在软件开发生命周期中的负面影响的实证研究。本研究的目的是调查从业者在软件开发过程中如何感知和评估架构技术债务的影响。本文报告了一项在线网络调查的结果,该调查提供了258名参与者的定量数据。本文的贡献有三个方面:首先,它显示了从业者的经验,即技术债务的架构类型对日常软件开发工作具有最大的负面影响。其次,我们提供的证据并不支持架构技术债务随着软件年龄的增长而增加的普遍观点。第三,我们表明,尽管软件专业人员的职责和工作任务不同,但架构技术债对所有角色都有负向影响,而角色之间没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 9
A Comparison of Process Ontology Discovery from Organizational Guidelines in Two Different Languages 两种语言组织指南过程本体发现的比较
Ozge Gurbuz, Onur Demirörs
Process ontologies contain organization's process elements which are related to the business activities, in a structured format. Once organizations establish process ontologies, searching process information as well as discovery, modeling and automation become more efficient. Process ontologies are frequently developed from organizational resources such as guidelines, regulations and procedures by interpreting the document, discovering the process information and building the ontology. The studies depict that the development of process ontologies can be partially automated. However, a significant success factor in this automation is the language of the document and the tools available to interpret the written text in a given language. In this study, we conducted an exploratory case study in order to analyze the potential of process ontology discovery in different languages. We applied the process ontology discovery method we have developed for guidelines written in English and Turkish and compared the success rates. We also discuss the requirements for process discovery automation.
流程本体以结构化格式包含与业务活动相关的组织流程元素。一旦组织建立了过程本体,搜索过程信息以及发现、建模和自动化将变得更加有效。过程本体通常是通过解释文档、发现过程信息和构建本体,从指导方针、法规和过程等组织资源中开发出来的。研究表明,过程本体的开发可以部分自动化。然而,这种自动化的一个重要成功因素是文档的语言和可用来解释给定语言的书面文本的工具。在本研究中,我们进行了一个探索性案例研究,以分析在不同语言中发现过程本体的潜力。我们应用了我们为英语和土耳其语编写的指南开发的过程本体发现方法,并比较了成功率。我们还讨论了过程发现自动化的需求。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2017 43rd Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)
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