Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572520
J. Bohme, D. Konig
We report on analysis of car engine signals as cylinder pressure and vibration signals for combustion diagne sis. Combustions have to be observed for controling efficiency and pollution as well as protecting against knock and can be affected, e.g. by controling the angle of ignition. We first model pressure signals by nonstationary stochastic processes characterized by the compression cycle and a stochastic resonance model. Vibration signals are modeled as time-variant filtered versions of pressure signals superimposed by noise. Wigner-Ville time-frequency estimates applied to measured data that average over many combustion cycles provide evidence of the models. Because only vibration signals can be easily measured in cars, we show that pressure signals can be reconstructed by time-variant filtering of vibration signals. Enhanced knock detectors are discussed which test resonance powers estimated from vibration signals via non-equidistant sampling. Finally, we report on a signal-processor based test-bed diagnosis-system for real-time operation.
{"title":"Statistical Processing of Car Engine Signals for Combustion Diagnosis","authors":"J. Bohme, D. Konig","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572520","url":null,"abstract":"We report on analysis of car engine signals as cylinder pressure and vibration signals for combustion diagne sis. Combustions have to be observed for controling efficiency and pollution as well as protecting against knock and can be affected, e.g. by controling the angle of ignition. We first model pressure signals by nonstationary stochastic processes characterized by the compression cycle and a stochastic resonance model. Vibration signals are modeled as time-variant filtered versions of pressure signals superimposed by noise. Wigner-Ville time-frequency estimates applied to measured data that average over many combustion cycles provide evidence of the models. Because only vibration signals can be easily measured in cars, we show that pressure signals can be reconstructed by time-variant filtering of vibration signals. Enhanced knock detectors are discussed which test resonance powers estimated from vibration signals via non-equidistant sampling. Finally, we report on a signal-processor based test-bed diagnosis-system for real-time operation.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125175686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572499
Z. Fejzo, H. Lev-Ari
{"title":"Adaptive Laguerre Filters with Lattice Orthogonalization","authors":"Z. Fejzo, H. Lev-Ari","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122487728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572428
D. Thomson
This paper describes the use of moving narrow-band projection operators for finding precision complex demodulators for data analysis. These projection operators are made up of discrete Slepian sequences and replace the usual weighting procedures with coherent sidelobe cancellation to reduce out-of-band interference. A sliding block of length N gives N different estimates for each output sample. We use weighted averages, and variances, of the N available projections at each time step.
{"title":"Projection Filters for Data Analysis","authors":"D. Thomson","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572428","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the use of moving narrow-band projection operators for finding precision complex demodulators for data analysis. These projection operators are made up of discrete Slepian sequences and replace the usual weighting procedures with coherent sidelobe cancellation to reduce out-of-band interference. A sliding block of length N gives N different estimates for each output sample. We use weighted averages, and variances, of the N available projections at each time step.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121264594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572500
H. Ge, D. Tufts
This paper investigates some effects of practical considerations on the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds in estimating the parameters of a burst of sinusoid. These considerations include the effect of filtering the received waveform with a known bandpass filter and the effect of the location and extent of the observation time interval, relative to the support of the received signal pulse. We find that the effect of filtering is small. The tail portion of the filter response provides little information about signal parameters. The initial transient portion of the signal pulse provides important information about time of arrival. Finally analytical results are verified through numerical evaluation.
{"title":"Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds on the Errors in Estimating the Parameters of a Burst of Sinusoid","authors":"H. Ge, D. Tufts","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates some effects of practical considerations on the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds in estimating the parameters of a burst of sinusoid. These considerations include the effect of filtering the received waveform with a known bandpass filter and the effect of the location and extent of the observation time interval, relative to the support of the received signal pulse. We find that the effect of filtering is small. The tail portion of the filter response provides little information about signal parameters. The initial transient portion of the signal pulse provides important information about time of arrival. Finally analytical results are verified through numerical evaluation.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124479613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572536
W. Du, H. Leong, A. Gevins
The problem of real-time ocular or eye artifact correction is addressed in this paper based on the framework of the general adaptive interference canceler, wherein the EOG signals are used as the reference signal. Adaptive algorithms such as LMS, recursive LS, or exponentially weighted LS can be used to update the coefficients of the adaptive filter. The major problem associated with an adaptive eye artifact canceler is found to be the unwanted correlations between the desired and reference signals. This is especially problematic when slow cognitive potentials or slow head or body movement artifacts coexist with eye artifacts in the recorded EEG. Undesired correlations can result in over-correction of ocular artifacts if a standard adaptive filter is used. We tackle this problem by taking into account a priori information regarding the ocular artifacts, that is, the spatietemporal statistics of the transmission coefficients. This strategy yields an adaptive artifact canceler combined with leakage and signal subspace enhancement.
{"title":"Ocular Artifact Minimization by Adaptive Filtering","authors":"W. Du, H. Leong, A. Gevins","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572536","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of real-time ocular or eye artifact correction is addressed in this paper based on the framework of the general adaptive interference canceler, wherein the EOG signals are used as the reference signal. Adaptive algorithms such as LMS, recursive LS, or exponentially weighted LS can be used to update the coefficients of the adaptive filter. The major problem associated with an adaptive eye artifact canceler is found to be the unwanted correlations between the desired and reference signals. This is especially problematic when slow cognitive potentials or slow head or body movement artifacts coexist with eye artifacts in the recorded EEG. Undesired correlations can result in over-correction of ocular artifacts if a standard adaptive filter is used. We tackle this problem by taking into account a priori information regarding the ocular artifacts, that is, the spatietemporal statistics of the transmission coefficients. This strategy yields an adaptive artifact canceler combined with leakage and signal subspace enhancement.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134086890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572537
G. Edelson, I. Kirsteins
We propose a maximum likelihood type approach for estimating the arrival times of signals which have propagated via a continuum of paths, i.e. temporally spread channels. The channel spreading is included in the model by using a discrete prolate spheroidal sequence (DPSS) to represent the channel impulse response of given duration, but unknown shape. The unknown parameters are estimated using an iterative methodology which decomposes the original data into its constituent components and then estimates the parameters of the individual components through a sequence of one dimensional searches. Computer simulation examples indicate that the method performs well.
{"title":"Modeling and Suppression of Reverberation Components","authors":"G. Edelson, I. Kirsteins","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572537","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a maximum likelihood type approach for estimating the arrival times of signals which have propagated via a continuum of paths, i.e. temporally spread channels. The channel spreading is included in the model by using a discrete prolate spheroidal sequence (DPSS) to represent the channel impulse response of given duration, but unknown shape. The unknown parameters are estimated using an iterative methodology which decomposes the original data into its constituent components and then estimates the parameters of the individual components through a sequence of one dimensional searches. Computer simulation examples indicate that the method performs well.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131972939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572496
J. Xin, Y. Murakami, A. Sano
In this paper, on the motivation of arbitrariness of frequency resolution at all frequencies and property of orthogonalization of wavelet packets, we investigate new adaptive algorithms based on wavelet packets. Moreover, the active noise cancellation with stabilization is investigated by using the presented adaptive algorithm. The effectiveness is demonstrated through numerical simulation.
{"title":"Adaptive Filter Algorithm Based on Wavelet Packets and Application to Adaptive Active Noise Cancellation","authors":"J. Xin, Y. Murakami, A. Sano","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572496","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, on the motivation of arbitrariness of frequency resolution at all frequencies and property of orthogonalization of wavelet packets, we investigate new adaptive algorithms based on wavelet packets. Moreover, the active noise cancellation with stabilization is investigated by using the presented adaptive algorithm. The effectiveness is demonstrated through numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133177258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572521
A.Y.J. Chan, T. Lo, J. Litva
Detection of digital signals in the presence of interference and noise plays an important role in personal and mobile communication systems. The interference may arise from multipath propagation or from the multiple users accessing the system. In general, the detection problem can be formulated as a data classification problem. According to the classical detection theory, the optimal detector is provided by the Bayes hypothesis testing [l]. In practice, the statistical properties of the received data, such as the distribution function and the number of incoming signals, are unknown a priori. I t is of significant interest to investigate other non-statistical approaches. Traditionally, linear adaptive filters based on the least mean squares (LMS) and the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms [2] are employed to combat the degradation due to the interference. They are suboptimal because they only generate hyperplanar decision boundaries in the observation space. Recently, the radial basis function (RBF) network has received a considerable amount of attention. It has the universal approximation ability [3] to construct robust non-linear decision boundaries. Besides, its massive parallelism and fast training time make it desirable for solving complicated tasks. In general, signals arrive at the receiver not only with different time delays, but also from different spatial angles. This spatial information cannot be exploited with a single antenna receiver, and is important in handling the scenarios where the h o m i n g signals are not time-delayed by multiples of a symbol duration. Recently, antenna arrays have attracted much attention in the framework of spatial diversity combining. In this paper, the RBF network is incorporated into an array receiver to solve the detection problem in the spatial domain. The RBF network is first reviewed. Employing the Bayes criterion as a benchmark, a decision-boundary comparison is then performed among the array receiving systems based on the RBF network, the LMS and the RLS adaptive filters. After that, simulation results are presented to compare the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of these array systems.
{"title":"Detection in Array Receiver Using Radial Basis Function Network","authors":"A.Y.J. Chan, T. Lo, J. Litva","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572521","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of digital signals in the presence of interference and noise plays an important role in personal and mobile communication systems. The interference may arise from multipath propagation or from the multiple users accessing the system. In general, the detection problem can be formulated as a data classification problem. According to the classical detection theory, the optimal detector is provided by the Bayes hypothesis testing [l]. In practice, the statistical properties of the received data, such as the distribution function and the number of incoming signals, are unknown a priori. I t is of significant interest to investigate other non-statistical approaches. Traditionally, linear adaptive filters based on the least mean squares (LMS) and the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms [2] are employed to combat the degradation due to the interference. They are suboptimal because they only generate hyperplanar decision boundaries in the observation space. Recently, the radial basis function (RBF) network has received a considerable amount of attention. It has the universal approximation ability [3] to construct robust non-linear decision boundaries. Besides, its massive parallelism and fast training time make it desirable for solving complicated tasks. In general, signals arrive at the receiver not only with different time delays, but also from different spatial angles. This spatial information cannot be exploited with a single antenna receiver, and is important in handling the scenarios where the h o m i n g signals are not time-delayed by multiples of a symbol duration. Recently, antenna arrays have attracted much attention in the framework of spatial diversity combining. In this paper, the RBF network is incorporated into an array receiver to solve the detection problem in the spatial domain. The RBF network is first reviewed. Employing the Bayes criterion as a benchmark, a decision-boundary comparison is then performed among the array receiving systems based on the RBF network, the LMS and the RLS adaptive filters. After that, simulation results are presented to compare the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of these array systems.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114804350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572525
S. Kwong, K.F. Man
This paper presents a new transform coder called tlie Lapped Transform Coder (LTC) for high fidelity coding of music signal. The word "Extended" contained in tlie name of this coder is simply because we adopt the Lapped Transform in tlie coder. It is also found that ELT with larger block size and statistics block number provides a better Signal-to-Noise (SNR) ratio in our studies. Thus, we used the ELT with overlapping factor of four in the LTC with the block size 64 and the statistics block number 64. The performance of the LTC is good and it has many favourable results for practical implementation.
{"title":"A Audio Codec Based on Adaptive Transform Coding with Extended Lapped Transform","authors":"S. Kwong, K.F. Man","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new transform coder called tlie Lapped Transform Coder (LTC) for high fidelity coding of music signal. The word \"Extended\" contained in tlie name of this coder is simply because we adopt the Lapped Transform in tlie coder. It is also found that ELT with larger block size and statistics block number provides a better Signal-to-Noise (SNR) ratio in our studies. Thus, we used the ELT with overlapping factor of four in the LTC with the block size 64 and the statistics block number 64. The performance of the LTC is good and it has many favourable results for practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122027317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-26DOI: 10.1109/SSAP.1994.572435
J. Now, D. Hatzinakos, A. Venetsanopoulos
In this paper', we consider detection of signals in a mixture of Gaussian noise and impulsive noise modeled as an alpha-stable process. Since our noise model has infinite variance, in order to use a minimum meansquared error (MMSE) criterion, we apply zero memory nonlinearity (ZMNL) to the information-bearing signal, in such a way that the variance of the noise is limited and the inform* tion signal is not distorted. We generalize the class of detectors which are based on a noise estimation-cancellation technique. In particular, by exploiting the past decisions as well as the past received samples, a nonlinear MMSE estimate of the transformed noise is made and subsequently canceled. We optimize the performance of the system with respect to the ZMNL at the input of the receiver. Our objective is to use predictors of the lowest complexity which give satisfactory estimation accuracy. The proposed subop t imd receivers are designed and analyzed in the context of Partial Response Signaling (PRS). The effects of the predictor order, the number of exploited samples and filtering allocation, on the system performance are examined.
{"title":"Detection In Alpha-stable Noise Environments Based On Nonlinear Prediction","authors":"J. Now, D. Hatzinakos, A. Venetsanopoulos","doi":"10.1109/SSAP.1994.572435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSAP.1994.572435","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper', we consider detection of signals in a mixture of Gaussian noise and impulsive noise modeled as an alpha-stable process. Since our noise model has infinite variance, in order to use a minimum meansquared error (MMSE) criterion, we apply zero memory nonlinearity (ZMNL) to the information-bearing signal, in such a way that the variance of the noise is limited and the inform* tion signal is not distorted. We generalize the class of detectors which are based on a noise estimation-cancellation technique. In particular, by exploiting the past decisions as well as the past received samples, a nonlinear MMSE estimate of the transformed noise is made and subsequently canceled. We optimize the performance of the system with respect to the ZMNL at the input of the receiver. Our objective is to use predictors of the lowest complexity which give satisfactory estimation accuracy. The proposed subop t imd receivers are designed and analyzed in the context of Partial Response Signaling (PRS). The effects of the predictor order, the number of exploited samples and filtering allocation, on the system performance are examined.","PeriodicalId":151571,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Seventh SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128501199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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