SYNOPSIS: This paper deals with a new material for external reinforcement: Steel Wire Reinforced Polymer (SWRP). It consists of thin high-strength steel fibres embedded in a polymer laminate. This innovative material combines the advantages of steel plates and CFRP, which are already used today. The material cost of SWRP is relatively low, and the laminate is quite flexible. In the feasibility part, the practical use of SWRP is studied. Further, the available design model for externally bonded reinforcement for concrete elements is confronted with the results of an experimental program, carried out at the Reyntjens Laboratory of KULeuven. The model is adapted accordingly.
{"title":"Strengthening of Concrete Structures using Steel Wire Reinforced Polymer","authors":"W. Figeys, L. Schueremans, K. Brosens, D. Gemert","doi":"10.14359/14864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14864","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS: This paper deals with a new material for external reinforcement: Steel Wire Reinforced Polymer (SWRP). It consists of thin high-strength steel fibres embedded in a polymer laminate. This innovative material combines the advantages of steel plates and CFRP, which are already used today. The material cost of SWRP is relatively low, and the laminate is quite flexible. In the feasibility part, the practical use of SWRP is studied. Further, the available design model for externally bonded reinforcement for concrete elements is confronted with the results of an experimental program, carried out at the Reyntjens Laboratory of KULeuven. The model is adapted accordingly.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121831675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synopsis: This paper presents the results of an experimental/analytical study aiming at obtaining a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with fibre reinforced polymers (FRP). Through the definition of the generalised constitutive law of a bonded FRP sheet, of the compatibility imposed by the shear crack opening, and of the appropriate boundary conditions depending on the strengthening configuration, analytical expressions of the stress field in the FRP sheet crossing a shear crack are obtained. These expressions allow to easily define closed-form equations for the effective strength of FRP strips/ sheets used for shear strengthening, as function of both the adopted strengthening configuration and some basic geometric and mechanical parameters. The FRP contribution is then added to those of concrete and steel. The equations accuracy has been verified through correlation studies with experimental results obtained from the literature and from laboratory tests on purposely under-designed real-scale beam specimens, strengthened with different FRP schemes.
{"title":"FRP-Strengthening in Shear: Tests and Design Equations","authors":"G. Monti, M. Liotta","doi":"10.14359/14853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14853","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: This paper presents the results of an experimental/analytical study aiming at obtaining a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with fibre reinforced polymers (FRP). Through the definition of the generalised constitutive law of a bonded FRP sheet, of the compatibility imposed by the shear crack opening, and of the appropriate boundary conditions depending on the strengthening configuration, analytical expressions of the stress field in the FRP sheet crossing a shear crack are obtained. These expressions allow to easily define closed-form equations for the effective strength of FRP strips/ sheets used for shear strengthening, as function of both the adopted strengthening configuration and some basic geometric and mechanical parameters. The FRP contribution is then added to those of concrete and steel. The equations accuracy has been verified through correlation studies with experimental results obtained from the literature and from laboratory tests on purposely under-designed real-scale beam specimens, strengthened with different FRP schemes.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116926771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synopsis: Recently, there has been a rapid increase in using the non-corrodible fiberreinforced polymers (FRP) reinforcing bars as alternative reinforcements for concrete structures especially those in harsh environments. The elastic stiffness, ultimate strength, and bond characteristics of FRP reinforcing bars are quite different from those of steel, which affect the shear capacity. The recently published FRP design codes and guidelines include equations for shear design of one-way flexural members. However, very little work was done to investigate the punching shear behavior of two-way slabs reinforced with FRP bars. The current design provisions for shear in two-way slabs are based on testing carried out on steel reinforced slabs. This study presents a new model to predict shear capacity of two-way concrete slabs that were developed based on extensive experimental work. The accuracy of this prediction model was evaluated against the existing test data. Compared to the available design models, the proposed shear model seems to have very good agreement with test results with better predictions for both FRP and steel-reinforced concrete two-way slabs.
{"title":"A New Punching Shear Equation for Two-Way Concrete Slabs Reinforced with FRP Bars","authors":"S. El-Gamal, E. El-Salakawy, B. Benmokrane","doi":"10.14359/14871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14871","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Recently, there has been a rapid increase in using the non-corrodible fiberreinforced polymers (FRP) reinforcing bars as alternative reinforcements for concrete structures especially those in harsh environments. The elastic stiffness, ultimate strength, and bond characteristics of FRP reinforcing bars are quite different from those of steel, which affect the shear capacity. The recently published FRP design codes and guidelines include equations for shear design of one-way flexural members. However, very little work was done to investigate the punching shear behavior of two-way slabs reinforced with FRP bars. The current design provisions for shear in two-way slabs are based on testing carried out on steel reinforced slabs. This study presents a new model to predict shear capacity of two-way concrete slabs that were developed based on extensive experimental work. The accuracy of this prediction model was evaluated against the existing test data. Compared to the available design models, the proposed shear model seems to have very good agreement with test results with better predictions for both FRP and steel-reinforced concrete two-way slabs.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124980603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balsamo Alberto, M. Gaetano, M. Elena, Negro Paolo, Prota Andrea
Synopsis: The SPEAR (Seismic PErformance Assessment and Rehabilitation) research Project is specifically targeted at existing under-designed structures and, in its framework, the core of the experimental activity is the series of full-scale pseudodynamic tests on a torsionally unbalanced three-storey RC structure, carried out at the ELSA Laboratory of the Joint Research Centre. As one of the main goals of the project is to pursue a better understanding of the potential of seismic rehabilitation methods, the experimental activity of the SPEAR project has foreseen pseudo-dynamic tests both on the ‘as-built’ and the FRP-retrofitted full-scale structure. In the paper, the strategy of the retrofitting intervention, consisting in the application of glass fiber wrapping, is described and the performance of the specimen in the two different configurations during the PsD tests is described. Through the experimental data, the effectiveness of the retrofitting strategy is thus assessed.
{"title":"Seismic Rehabilitation of a Full-Scale RC Structure using GFRP Laminates","authors":"Balsamo Alberto, M. Gaetano, M. Elena, Negro Paolo, Prota Andrea","doi":"10.14359/14896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14896","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The SPEAR (Seismic PErformance Assessment and Rehabilitation) research Project is specifically targeted at existing under-designed structures and, in its framework, the core of the experimental activity is the series of full-scale pseudodynamic tests on a torsionally unbalanced three-storey RC structure, carried out at the ELSA Laboratory of the Joint Research Centre. As one of the main goals of the project is to pursue a better understanding of the potential of seismic rehabilitation methods, the experimental activity of the SPEAR project has foreseen pseudo-dynamic tests both on the ‘as-built’ and the FRP-retrofitted full-scale structure. In the paper, the strategy of the retrofitting intervention, consisting in the application of glass fiber wrapping, is described and the performance of the specimen in the two different configurations during the PsD tests is described. Through the experimental data, the effectiveness of the retrofitting strategy is thus assessed.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122932335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gripping Behavior of CFRP PrestressingRods for Novel Anchor Design","authors":"A. Al-Mayah, K. Soudki, A. Plumtree","doi":"10.14359/14834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129845238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FRP Repair Methods for FRP Repair Methods forUnreinforced Masonry Buildings Subject to Cyclic Loading","authors":"P. Foster, J. Gergely, W. M. Young, A. Corzo","doi":"10.14359/14838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"37 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113974426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of FRP SeismicRestrainers Subjected to Dynamic Loads","authors":"M. Saiidi, Rita Johnson, E. Maragakis","doi":"10.14359/14825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132166986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ascione, A. Benedetti, R. Frassine, G. Manfredi, G. Monti, A. Nanni, C. Poggi, E. Sacco
This document, described in more details in the paper, sets for the first time in Italy some standards for production, design and application of FRP for reinforced concrete and masonry constructions. It is also conceived with an informative and educational spirit, which is crucial for the dissemination, in the professional sphere, of the mechanical and technological knowledge needed for an aware and competent use of such materials.
{"title":"Design Guidelines for the Strengthening of Existing Structures with FRP in Italy","authors":"L. Ascione, A. Benedetti, R. Frassine, G. Manfredi, G. Monti, A. Nanni, C. Poggi, E. Sacco","doi":"10.14359/14849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14849","url":null,"abstract":"This document, described in more details in the paper, sets for the first time in Italy some standards for production, design and application of FRP for reinforced concrete and masonry constructions. It is also conceived with an informative and educational spirit, which is crucial for the dissemination, in the professional sphere, of the mechanical and technological knowledge needed for an aware and competent use of such materials.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synopsis: Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are investigated in this study in comparison with a new class of materials, textile reinforced mortars (TRM), for shear strengthening and/or seismic retrofitting of concrete structures. Textiles comprise fabric meshes made of long woven, knitted or even unwoven fiber rovings in at least two (typically orthogonal) directions. Mortars – serving as binders – contain polymeric additives in order to have improved strength properties. In this study, experimental investigations were carried out in order to provide a better understanding on the effectiveness of TRM versus FRP jackets as a means of increasing: (i) the axial capacity of concrete through confinement; and (ii) the load-carrying capacity of shear-critical reinforced concrete flexural members. From the results obtained it is strongly believed that the proposed TRM strengthening technique is a viable alternative to the already successful FRP strengthening technique.
{"title":"Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM)versus Fiber ReinforcedPolymers (FRP) as StrengtheningMaterials of Concrete Structures","authors":"T. Triantafillou, C. Papanicolaou","doi":"10.14359/14827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14827","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are investigated in this study in comparison with a new class of materials, textile reinforced mortars (TRM), for shear strengthening and/or seismic retrofitting of concrete structures. Textiles comprise fabric meshes made of long woven, knitted or even unwoven fiber rovings in at least two (typically orthogonal) directions. Mortars – serving as binders – contain polymeric additives in order to have improved strength properties. In this study, experimental investigations were carried out in order to provide a better understanding on the effectiveness of TRM versus FRP jackets as a means of increasing: (i) the axial capacity of concrete through confinement; and (ii) the load-carrying capacity of shear-critical reinforced concrete flexural members. From the results obtained it is strongly believed that the proposed TRM strengthening technique is a viable alternative to the already successful FRP strengthening technique.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121408288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synopsis: A significant portion of existing building stock that was constructed prior to the enactment of modern seismic design provisions consists of gravity-load-designed reinforced concrete frames, infilled with unreinforced masonry walls. These structures are susceptible to extensive seismic damage when subjected to strong earthquakes and require retrofitting in order to comply with the provisions of current building codes. Experimental investigation of gravity-load-designed reinforced concrete frames, infilled with concrete block masonry, has been conducted to develop a seismic retrofit strategy that involves the use carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Two half-scale concrete frames, infilled with masonry walls were tested with and without seismic retrofitting. The retrofit technique consisted of CFRP sheets, surface bonded on the masonry wall, while also anchored to the surrounding concrete frame by means of specially developed CFRP anchors. The frame-wall assemblies were tested under constant gravity loads and incrementally increasing lateral deformation reversals. The results indicate that infilled frames without a seismic retrofit develop extensive cracking in the walls and frame elements. The elastic rigidity reduces considerably resulting in softer structure. The failure may occur in non-ductile frame elements, especially in columns. Retrofitting with CFRP sheets controls cracking and increases lateral bracing, improving the elastic capacity of overall structural system. The retrofitted specimen tested in the current investigation showed approximately 300% increase in lateral force resistance, promoting elastic response to earthquake loads as a seismic retrofit strategy. Experimental observations and results are presented in the paper.
{"title":"Seismic Performance of Masonry Infill Walls Retrofitted With CFRP Sheets","authors":"M. Saatcioglu, F. Serrato, S. Foo","doi":"10.14359/14841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14841","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: A significant portion of existing building stock that was constructed prior to the enactment of modern seismic design provisions consists of gravity-load-designed reinforced concrete frames, infilled with unreinforced masonry walls. These structures are susceptible to extensive seismic damage when subjected to strong earthquakes and require retrofitting in order to comply with the provisions of current building codes. Experimental investigation of gravity-load-designed reinforced concrete frames, infilled with concrete block masonry, has been conducted to develop a seismic retrofit strategy that involves the use carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Two half-scale concrete frames, infilled with masonry walls were tested with and without seismic retrofitting. The retrofit technique consisted of CFRP sheets, surface bonded on the masonry wall, while also anchored to the surrounding concrete frame by means of specially developed CFRP anchors. The frame-wall assemblies were tested under constant gravity loads and incrementally increasing lateral deformation reversals. The results indicate that infilled frames without a seismic retrofit develop extensive cracking in the walls and frame elements. The elastic rigidity reduces considerably resulting in softer structure. The failure may occur in non-ductile frame elements, especially in columns. Retrofitting with CFRP sheets controls cracking and increases lateral bracing, improving the elastic capacity of overall structural system. The retrofitted specimen tested in the current investigation showed approximately 300% increase in lateral force resistance, promoting elastic response to earthquake loads as a seismic retrofit strategy. Experimental observations and results are presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"534 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123104637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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