Eileen Luders, Francisco J Sánchez, Duygu Tosun, David W Shattuck, Christian Gaser, Eric Vilain, Arthur W Toga
Background: The degree to which one identifies as male or female has a profound impact on one's life. Yet, there is a limited understanding of what contributes to this important characteristic termed gender identity. In order to reveal factors influencing gender identity, studies have focused on people who report strong feelings of being the opposite sex, such as male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals.
Method: To investigate potential neuroanatomical variations associated with transsexualism, we compared the regional thickness of the cerebral cortex between 24 MTF transsexuals who had not yet been treated with cross-sex hormones and 24 age-matched control males.
Results: Results revealed thicker cortices in MTF transsexuals, both within regions of the left hemisphere (i.e., frontal and orbito-frontal cortex, central sulcus, perisylvian regions, paracentral gyrus) and right hemisphere (i.e., pre-/post-central gyrus, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, precuneus, fusiform, lingual, and orbito-frontal gyrus).
Conclusion: These findings provide further evidence that brain anatomy is associated with gender identity, where measures in MTF transsexuals appear to be shifted away from gender-congruent men.
{"title":"Increased Cortical Thickness in Male-to-Female Transsexualism.","authors":"Eileen Luders, Francisco J Sánchez, Duygu Tosun, David W Shattuck, Christian Gaser, Eric Vilain, Arthur W Toga","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2012.23040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2012.23040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The degree to which one identifies as male or female has a profound impact on one's life. Yet, there is a limited understanding of what contributes to this important characteristic termed <i>gender identity</i>. In order to reveal factors influencing gender identity, studies have focused on people who report strong feelings of being the opposite sex, such as male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To investigate potential neuroanatomical variations associated with transsexualism, we compared the regional thickness of the cerebral cortex between 24 MTF transsexuals who had not yet been treated with cross-sex hormones and 24 age-matched control males.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed thicker cortices in MTF transsexuals, both within regions of the left hemisphere (i.e., frontal and orbito-frontal cortex, central sulcus, perisylvian regions, paracentral gyrus) and right hemisphere (i.e., pre-/post-central gyrus, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, precuneus, fusiform, lingual, and orbito-frontal gyrus).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide further evidence that brain anatomy is associated with gender identity, where measures in MTF transsexuals appear to be shifted away from gender-congruent men.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/jbbs.2012.23040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31472201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autodigestion with Molecular and Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertension : Protease Activity and Receptor Cleavage","authors":"G. Schmid-Schönbein","doi":"10.20821/JBS.38.0_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.38.0_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84239406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Preschoolers' Narratives Reflect Their Mothers' Emotional Availability?","authors":"E. Suwa, K. Kondo-Ikemura, S. Sakai","doi":"10.20821/JBS.38.0_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.38.0_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76705484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronically high occupational exposure to airborne metals like iron can impair olfactory function, but little is known about how low iron status modifies olfactory behavior. To investigate the influence of body iron status, weanling rats were fed a diet with low iron content (4 - 7 ppm) to induce iron deficiency anemia and olfactory behavior was compared to control rats fed an isocaloric diet sufficient in iron (210 - 220 ppm). Iron-deficient rats had prolonged exploratory time for attractive odorants in behavioral olfactory habituation/dis-habituation tests, olfactory preference tests and olfactory sensitivity tests compared with control rats. No significant differences were observed for aversive odorants between the two groups. These findings suggest that iron-dependent functions may be involved in controlling and processing of olfactory signal transduction via self and lateral inhibition such that odorant signal remains stronger for longer times prolonging exploratory activity on attractive odorants in the behavioral tests. These findings establish that iron deficiency can modify olfactory behavior.
{"title":"Influence of Iron Deficiency on Olfactory Behavior in Weanling Rats.","authors":"V M Ruvin Kumara, Marianne Wessling-Resnick","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2012.22020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2012.22020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronically high occupational exposure to airborne metals like iron can impair olfactory function, but little is known about how low iron status modifies olfactory behavior. To investigate the influence of body iron status, weanling rats were fed a diet with low iron content (4 - 7 ppm) to induce iron deficiency anemia and olfactory behavior was compared to control rats fed an isocaloric diet sufficient in iron (210 - 220 ppm). Iron-deficient rats had prolonged exploratory time for attractive odorants in behavioral olfactory habituation/dis-habituation tests, olfactory preference tests and olfactory sensitivity tests compared with control rats. No significant differences were observed for aversive odorants between the two groups. These findings suggest that iron-dependent functions may be involved in controlling and processing of olfactory signal transduction via self and lateral inhibition such that odorant signal remains stronger for longer times prolonging exploratory activity on attractive odorants in the behavioral tests. These findings establish that iron deficiency can modify olfactory behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5839520/pdf/nihms898265.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35896499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obiective: ln order to find problems and provide reference for the standard ization of application of Morita therapy in China, we preliminarily investigated the of how Morita therapy was taken in China. The questionnaire by psychiatric physicians. the year, institutions the of diary therapy, drugs. Im the Morita therapy, the maximum frequency to 20 times the 20 The treatment period per time of Morita was hours
{"title":"The preliminary investigation of application of Morita therapy in China","authors":"Xuelong Jin, Fei-Ge Wang","doi":"10.20821/JBS.36.0_87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.36.0_87","url":null,"abstract":"Obiective: ln order to find problems and provide reference for the standard ization of application of Morita therapy in China, we preliminarily investigated the of how Morita therapy was taken in China. The questionnaire by psychiatric physicians. the year, institutions the of diary therapy, drugs. Im the Morita therapy, the maximum frequency to 20 times the 20 The treatment period per time of Morita was hours","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73685540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Iwata, Shigeyuki Yamamoto, I. Tooyama, S. Takagai, K. Takebayashi, N. Mori
{"title":"An Increase of cell proliferation in the early post-irradiation phase in the hippocampus of the adult cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)(Basic Medicine)","authors":"Y. Iwata, Shigeyuki Yamamoto, I. Tooyama, S. Takagai, K. Takebayashi, N. Mori","doi":"10.20821/JBS.37.0_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.37.0_16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84688017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, we use CT and MRI to observe brain's structure,but there are many new ways to get the images of brain actMty. Currently Smart MR imaging TWo-photon Neuro Trace, Fluorescent Protein, Photostable quantum Connexin Statistical parametric The Short-'lerm Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (STLmax) fopographic Brain Activity Maps have been used to observe the brain.Next, make
{"title":"New technologies for the visualization of brain function","authors":"Jie Zhao, Xuelong Jin","doi":"10.20821/JBS.37.0_47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.37.0_47","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, we use CT and MRI to observe brain's structure,but there are many new ways to get the images of brain actMty. Currently Smart MR imaging TWo-photon Neuro Trace, Fluorescent Protein, Photostable quantum Connexin Statistical parametric The Short-'lerm Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (STLmax) fopographic Brain Activity Maps have been used to observe the brain.Next, make","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83459734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis : one case report","authors":"Xianhua Zuo, yangdi Yao","doi":"10.20821/JBS.37.0_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.37.0_28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89344348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号