Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518-C1-001
K. Rasul
{"title":"Status of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Gulf region","authors":"K. Rasul","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518-C1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518-C1-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89654672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-17DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956-C11-154
P. pDianaAlrumhiLoftus, Barkley Lp
Objective: Head and neck cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in South East Asia and its incidence is increasing with time. The objective of this study is to identify the environmental factors and their role in causing head and neck cancers for better future strategy in controlling and prevention. Materials and Methods: Questionnaire form was developed, which includes questions about environmental factors causing head and neck cancer. Forms were filled by patients after taking their written consent. This study was conducted at Day Care Oncology and in Radiation department of Aga Khan University Hospital, after approval from institutional ethical review committee. It is a prospective study conducted from December 2016 to June 2017. Patients with head and neck cancer aged 18 years and above, of both genders were included. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 19 was used to perform statistical analysis. Results: A total of 132 patients were included. Head and neck cancers were observed to be more common in males 101 (76.5%) as compared to females 29 (22%) and average age was found to be 50.4 ± 12.9 years in both genders. The commonest environmental factors causing head and neck cancer included various forms of smokeless tobacco including pan, mainpuri, supari and gutka. 132 patients 77 (58.3%) were using smokeless tobacco, 41(31.1%) were cigarette smokers and 6 (4.5%) were using alcohol. Among all the head and neck cancers, the most common was squamous cell cancer of buccal mucosa 63 patients (47.72%) and less common is the cancer of orbit 4 patients (3%). Conclusion: Incidence of head and neck cancer, specifically squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa is increasing with time. The commonest cause was found to be different forms of smokeless tobacco easily accessible to the public. Increasing public awareness through various means is the way forward in controlling this menace.
{"title":"The effects of Syndecan-2 fragments on TGF induced genes in breast cancer cells (BCC)","authors":"P. pDianaAlrumhiLoftus, Barkley Lp","doi":"10.4172/1948-5956-C11-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956-C11-154","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Head and neck cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in South East Asia and its incidence is increasing with time. The objective of this study is to identify the environmental factors and their role in causing head and neck cancers for better future strategy in controlling and prevention. Materials and Methods: Questionnaire form was developed, which includes questions about environmental factors causing head and neck cancer. Forms were filled by patients after taking their written consent. This study was conducted at Day Care Oncology and in Radiation department of Aga Khan University Hospital, after approval from institutional ethical review committee. It is a prospective study conducted from December 2016 to June 2017. Patients with head and neck cancer aged 18 years and above, of both genders were included. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 19 was used to perform statistical analysis. Results: A total of 132 patients were included. Head and neck cancers were observed to be more common in males 101 (76.5%) as compared to females 29 (22%) and average age was found to be 50.4 ± 12.9 years in both genders. The commonest environmental factors causing head and neck cancer included various forms of smokeless tobacco including pan, mainpuri, supari and gutka. 132 patients 77 (58.3%) were using smokeless tobacco, 41(31.1%) were cigarette smokers and 6 (4.5%) were using alcohol. Among all the head and neck cancers, the most common was squamous cell cancer of buccal mucosa 63 patients (47.72%) and less common is the cancer of orbit 4 patients (3%). Conclusion: Incidence of head and neck cancer, specifically squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa is increasing with time. The commonest cause was found to be different forms of smokeless tobacco easily accessible to the public. Increasing public awareness through various means is the way forward in controlling this menace.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80623465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000315
Hongxiu Han, Chunxue Yang, Yuanyuan Wang, Y. Zhang
Objective: Increasing evidence indicates that neurogenesis in the cancer is a common phenomenon, which calls us attention to the role of substances released by nerve terminals in the development of cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that neuropeptides influence the migration of prostate cancer cell lines. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the migration/invasion of cancer cells. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and the potential role of MAPK signaling pathways. Methods: The effects of CGRP on the migration and invasion of human tongue SCC cells (TSCCA cell line) were detected by Transwell assay. The effects of CGRP on the phosphorylated expression of MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of TSCCA cells were examined using Western Blot. The effects of inhibitors for ERK, p38 and JNK on the CGRP-induced migration and invasion of TSCCA cells were examined using Transwell assay. Results: CGRP was shown to promote the migration (P<0.0001) and invasion (P=0.0008) of TSCCA cells by Transwell assay. Western Blot results revealed that the expression of pERK (P=0.0007), pp38 (P=0.0425) and pJNK (P=0.0348) was increased in TSCCA cells at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h after CGRP treatment, respectively. JNK inhibitor SP600125, but not ERK inhibitor PD98059 and p38 inhibitor SB203580, attenuated CGRP-induced migration (P=0.0286) and invasion (P=0.0293) of TSCCA cells. Conclusion: CGRP promotes the migration and invasion of oral SCC cells, which may be through the activation of JNK signaling pathway.
{"title":"CGRP Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells through Activation of JNK Signaling Pathway","authors":"Hongxiu Han, Chunxue Yang, Yuanyuan Wang, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Increasing evidence indicates that neurogenesis in the cancer is a common phenomenon, which calls us attention to the role of substances released by nerve terminals in the development of cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that neuropeptides influence the migration of prostate cancer cell lines. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the migration/invasion of cancer cells. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and the potential role of MAPK signaling pathways. Methods: The effects of CGRP on the migration and invasion of human tongue SCC cells (TSCCA cell line) were detected by Transwell assay. The effects of CGRP on the phosphorylated expression of MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of TSCCA cells were examined using Western Blot. The effects of inhibitors for ERK, p38 and JNK on the CGRP-induced migration and invasion of TSCCA cells were examined using Transwell assay. Results: CGRP was shown to promote the migration (P<0.0001) and invasion (P=0.0008) of TSCCA cells by Transwell assay. Western Blot results revealed that the expression of pERK (P=0.0007), pp38 (P=0.0425) and pJNK (P=0.0348) was increased in TSCCA cells at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h after CGRP treatment, respectively. JNK inhibitor SP600125, but not ERK inhibitor PD98059 and p38 inhibitor SB203580, attenuated CGRP-induced migration (P=0.0286) and invasion (P=0.0293) of TSCCA cells. Conclusion: CGRP promotes the migration and invasion of oral SCC cells, which may be through the activation of JNK signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86407151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-10DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000311
R. Swarnalakshmi, R. Ramya, N. Priyadharshini, L. Preethi, P. Rajashree, Rajkumar
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory condition and a common potentially malignant oral disorder. It has been postulated that inflammation and cancer share a common link by activation of common transcription factors which enhances gene expression involved in the regulation and production of inflammatory mediators and also in the regulation of survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Inflammation has been added as one of the hallmarks in cancer development. Progranulin or proepithelin is a high molecular weight secreted mitogen, it has been recently introduced as a novel marker for chronic inflammatory response. The functions of progranulin is multifaceted; progranulin levels have yet been unexplored in the context of submucous fibrosis as well as oral cancer. Aim: To assess Serum and Salivary Progranulin Levels in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Materials and methods: The study consisted of two groups. Group I (Control N=10) and Group II (OSMF N=30). Serum and salivary samples were collected and further progranulin levels were analysed using ELISA. Results: Overall, the results of the present study showed that the levels of progranulin were elevated both in serum and saliva of patients with OSMF The serum progranulin levels correlated positively with salivary levels (p<0.001). In addition the progranulin levels increased significantly as the stages of OSMF progressed. Discussion: Amongst the various inflammatory mediators, TNF- is one of the key mediators which play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Progranulin, the novel ligand of TNFR1/2 receptors could be one of the reasons for causing decrease in collagenase enzyme and increase in collagen production with progression of disease severity. Hence it can be inferred that this multifaceted molecule, progranulin has an important role to play in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Conclusion: Progranulin, the novel ligand of TNFR1/2 receptors could be one of the reasons for causing decrease in collagenase enzyme and increase in collagen production with progression of disease severity. Hence it can be inferred that progranulin has an important role to play in the pathogenesis of OSMF.
{"title":"Assessment of Serum and Salivary Progranulin Levels in Oral Submucous Fibrosis","authors":"R. Swarnalakshmi, R. Ramya, N. Priyadharshini, L. Preethi, P. Rajashree, Rajkumar","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory condition and a common potentially malignant oral disorder. It has been postulated that inflammation and cancer share a common link by activation of common transcription factors which enhances gene expression involved in the regulation and production of inflammatory mediators and also in the regulation of survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Inflammation has been added as one of the hallmarks in cancer development. Progranulin or proepithelin is a high molecular weight secreted mitogen, it has been recently introduced as a novel marker for chronic inflammatory response. The functions of progranulin is multifaceted; progranulin levels have yet been unexplored in the context of submucous fibrosis as well as oral cancer. Aim: To assess Serum and Salivary Progranulin Levels in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Materials and methods: The study consisted of two groups. Group I (Control N=10) and Group II (OSMF N=30). Serum and salivary samples were collected and further progranulin levels were analysed using ELISA. Results: Overall, the results of the present study showed that the levels of progranulin were elevated both in serum and saliva of patients with OSMF The serum progranulin levels correlated positively with salivary levels (p<0.001). In addition the progranulin levels increased significantly as the stages of OSMF progressed. Discussion: Amongst the various inflammatory mediators, TNF- is one of the key mediators which play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Progranulin, the novel ligand of TNFR1/2 receptors could be one of the reasons for causing decrease in collagenase enzyme and increase in collagen production with progression of disease severity. Hence it can be inferred that this multifaceted molecule, progranulin has an important role to play in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Conclusion: Progranulin, the novel ligand of TNFR1/2 receptors could be one of the reasons for causing decrease in collagenase enzyme and increase in collagen production with progression of disease severity. Hence it can be inferred that progranulin has an important role to play in the pathogenesis of OSMF.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83246428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-26DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000310
A. Shehadeh, A. Ja’afar, Anas Hijawi, Laila T. Qatu
Background: Surgical techniques for resection of tumors at proximal humerus and scapula has been described in literature along with different classification systems, however , these techniques have not been revised for a while and the classification systems didn’t respect the difference between bone and soft tissue tumors, or humerus vs. scapula locations. Material and methods: The author operated on 32 patients with shoulder girdle tumors, all are bone tumors, Ewings sarcoma (n=12), Osteosarcoma (n=7), Metastatic tumors (n=7), GCT (n=3), Chondrosarcoma (n=3). We assigned two separate classifications to humerus and scapula resection, since surgical techniques, mechanics and reconstruction is totally different for the both sites. Resection of the humerus classified into: Type I to Type IV, A: is added to the type when the majority of Deltoid is preserved, and B: when it is sacrificed. Type I: Intra articular proximal humerus resection Type II: Extra articular proximal humerus resection Type III: Intra articular total humerurs resection Type IV: Extra articular total humerus resection And we classify the scapula resection into: Type I to Type III Type I: Partial Scapular Resection Type II: Intra articular Total Scapular Resection Type III: Extra articular Scapular Resection In extra articular humerus resection, we found that sacrificing the acromion and coracoid process is not needed as a routine part of the extra articular resection of the proximal humerus and preservation of these structures can improve the cosmetic outcome of the shoulder., and for all tumors with no huge medial component, in our techniques there is no need to detach the muscle attachment from the coracoid process and so post operatively elbow extension as tolerated can be started immediately. Endoprosthesis was used in 23 patients for reconstruction, osteoarticular allograft was used in 3 patients, and Tichoff Lindberg technique for 3 patients. Results: At 30 month mean follow up period, 2 patients developed local recurrence (osteosarcoma n=1, Ewing Sarcoma n=1), and 2 patients infection, one patient stem loosening, the average MSTS functional score for all patient was 83%. Conclusion: The modification of surgical techniques saved structures which were unnecessarily resected, and kept the integrity of more muscular tissue and attachments which were detached in previous described techniques with no obvious advantage leading to less restriction during the rehabilitation process. The new classification system is realistic, easy to be recalled and applicable to all patients.
{"title":"Shoulder Girdle Resection, Modification in the Surgical Techniques and Introduction of a New Classification System","authors":"A. Shehadeh, A. Ja’afar, Anas Hijawi, Laila T. Qatu","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical techniques for resection of tumors at proximal humerus and scapula has been described in literature along with different classification systems, however , these techniques have not been revised for a while and the classification systems didn’t respect the difference between bone and soft tissue tumors, or humerus vs. scapula locations. Material and methods: The author operated on 32 patients with shoulder girdle tumors, all are bone tumors, Ewings sarcoma (n=12), Osteosarcoma (n=7), Metastatic tumors (n=7), GCT (n=3), Chondrosarcoma (n=3). We assigned two separate classifications to humerus and scapula resection, since surgical techniques, mechanics and reconstruction is totally different for the both sites. Resection of the humerus classified into: Type I to Type IV, A: is added to the type when the majority of Deltoid is preserved, and B: when it is sacrificed. Type I: Intra articular proximal humerus resection Type II: Extra articular proximal humerus resection Type III: Intra articular total humerurs resection Type IV: Extra articular total humerus resection And we classify the scapula resection into: Type I to Type III Type I: Partial Scapular Resection Type II: Intra articular Total Scapular Resection Type III: Extra articular Scapular Resection In extra articular humerus resection, we found that sacrificing the acromion and coracoid process is not needed as a routine part of the extra articular resection of the proximal humerus and preservation of these structures can improve the cosmetic outcome of the shoulder., and for all tumors with no huge medial component, in our techniques there is no need to detach the muscle attachment from the coracoid process and so post operatively elbow extension as tolerated can be started immediately. Endoprosthesis was used in 23 patients for reconstruction, osteoarticular allograft was used in 3 patients, and Tichoff Lindberg technique for 3 patients. Results: At 30 month mean follow up period, 2 patients developed local recurrence (osteosarcoma n=1, Ewing Sarcoma n=1), and 2 patients infection, one patient stem loosening, the average MSTS functional score for all patient was 83%. Conclusion: The modification of surgical techniques saved structures which were unnecessarily resected, and kept the integrity of more muscular tissue and attachments which were detached in previous described techniques with no obvious advantage leading to less restriction during the rehabilitation process. The new classification system is realistic, easy to be recalled and applicable to all patients.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75688383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-09-11DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000319
LaShanale Wallace, Anju M Cherian, Paula Adamson, Shahla Bari, Saswati Banerjee, Michael Flood, Melvin Simien, Xuebiao Yao, Felix O Aikhionbare
Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from precancerous adenomatous polyps to malignant lesions of adenocarcinoma. Elucidating inhibition mechanisms for this route in patients with a risk of developing CRC is highly important for a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker. Differential expression of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COXIV) seems to contribute to a more unregulated respiration due to loss of ATP inhibition. Majority of energy for tumor transformations are mitochondrial origin. Differences in mitochondrial efficiency may be reflected in the progression of colorectal adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinomas. Here, we evaluate expression levels of COXIV isoform 1 (COXIV-1) and Mitochondrial (MT)-ATP synthase Subunit 6 (ATPase6) in adenomas of tubular, tubulovillous and villous tissues as compared to adenocarcinoma tissues.
Method: Both RT-qPCR and western blot techniques were used to assess COXIV-1 and ATPase6 expression levels in 42 pairs of patients' tissue samples. Protein carbonyl assay was performed to determine levels of oxidized proteins, as a measurement of ROS productions, in the tissue samples.
Results: Differential RNA expression levels of COXIV-1 and ATPase6 from whole tissues were observed. Interestingly, RNA expression levels obtained from mitochondrial for COXIV-1 were significantly decreased in tubulovillous, villous adenomas and adenocarcinoma, but not in the tubular-polyps. Moreover, mitochondrial ATPase6 RNA expression levels decreased progressively from adenopolyps to adenocarcinoma. In mitochondrial protein, expression levels of both genes progressively decreased with a three folds from adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinoma. Whilst the ATPase6 protein expression significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma compared to villous, conversely, the levels of oxidized carbonyl proteins were considerably increased from adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that decreased mitochondrial protein expression of COXIV-1 and ATPase6 correlates with increased ROS production during colorectal adenomatous polyps' progression, suggesting the pivotal role of COXIV-1 in energy metabolism of colorectal cells as they progress from polyps to carcinoma.
{"title":"Comparison of Pre- and Post-translational Expressions of <i>COXIV-1</i> and <i>MT-ATPase 6</i> Genes in Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Tissues.","authors":"LaShanale Wallace, Anju M Cherian, Paula Adamson, Shahla Bari, Saswati Banerjee, Michael Flood, Melvin Simien, Xuebiao Yao, Felix O Aikhionbare","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000319","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from precancerous adenomatous polyps to malignant lesions of adenocarcinoma. Elucidating inhibition mechanisms for this route in patients with a risk of developing CRC is highly important for a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker. Differential expression of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COXIV) seems to contribute to a more unregulated respiration due to loss of ATP inhibition. Majority of energy for tumor transformations are mitochondrial origin. Differences in mitochondrial efficiency may be reflected in the progression of colorectal adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinomas. Here, we evaluate expression levels of COXIV isoform 1 (<i>COXIV-1</i>) and Mitochondrial (MT)-ATP synthase Subunit 6 (ATPase6) in adenomas of tubular, tubulovillous and villous tissues as compared to adenocarcinoma tissues.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Both RT-qPCR and western blot techniques were used to assess <i>COXIV-1</i> and ATPase6 expression levels in 42 pairs of patients' tissue samples. Protein carbonyl assay was performed to determine levels of oxidized proteins, as a measurement of ROS productions, in the tissue samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differential RNA expression levels of COXIV-1 and ATPase6 from whole tissues were observed. Interestingly, RNA expression levels obtained from mitochondrial for <i>COXIV-1</i> were significantly decreased in tubulovillous, villous adenomas and adenocarcinoma, but not in the tubular-polyps. Moreover, mitochondrial ATPase6 RNA expression levels decreased progressively from adenopolyps to adenocarcinoma. In mitochondrial protein, expression levels of both genes progressively decreased with a three folds from adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinoma. Whilst the ATPase6 protein expression significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma compared to villous, conversely, the levels of oxidized carbonyl proteins were considerably increased from adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence that decreased mitochondrial protein expression of <i>COXIV-1</i> and ATPase6 correlates with increased ROS production during colorectal adenomatous polyps' progression, suggesting the pivotal role of <i>COXIV-1</i> in energy metabolism of colorectal cells as they progress from polyps to carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-2518.1000319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36694222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000313
S. Surapaneni, T. Prakash
Prostate Cancer (PC) ruins a foremost cause of death of males in the US as well its growth rate is increased in the rest of the world. The current learning aims to perform a preliminary photochemical analysis by the successive extraction of the bark of Annona reticulata L. using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol. The isolation, structure elucidation and identification of Taraxerol and check up in vitro study in prostate carcinoma. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques included Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS). The prostate cell lines, LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines was cultured and antiproliferative effect by MTT Method, Neutral red cytotoxicity, measurement of LDH release, determinations of apoptosis by Acridine Orange (AO) and Ethidium Bromide (EB) double staining. Inhibition of protein denaturation, caspase levels by indirect ELISA and DNA fragmentation was performed. Investigation of the phytochemical summary on the bark of A. reticulata L. reports the occurrence of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoid and tannins. In-vitro experiments show the selected compound exhibited of cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines. An increase in caspase activity or caspase levels is generally considered as indicators of cellular apoptosis. The compounds to prevent heat associated denaturation of albumin are measured as a screening method for assessing anti-inflammatory potential of compounds.
{"title":"Comprehensive Assignments of Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Taraxerol from Bark Annona reticulata L. and Chemopreventive Effect on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines (lncap and pc-3)","authors":"S. Surapaneni, T. Prakash","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate Cancer (PC) ruins a foremost cause of death of males in the US as well its growth rate is increased in the rest of the world. The current learning aims to perform a preliminary photochemical analysis by the successive extraction of the bark of Annona reticulata L. using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol. The isolation, structure elucidation and identification of Taraxerol and check up in vitro study in prostate carcinoma. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques included Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS). The prostate cell lines, LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines was cultured and antiproliferative effect by MTT Method, Neutral red cytotoxicity, measurement of LDH release, determinations of apoptosis by Acridine Orange (AO) and Ethidium Bromide (EB) double staining. Inhibition of protein denaturation, caspase levels by indirect ELISA and DNA fragmentation was performed. Investigation of the phytochemical summary on the bark of A. reticulata L. reports the occurrence of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoid and tannins. In-vitro experiments show the selected compound exhibited of cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines. An increase in caspase activity or caspase levels is generally considered as indicators of cellular apoptosis. The compounds to prevent heat associated denaturation of albumin are measured as a screening method for assessing anti-inflammatory potential of compounds.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"273 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75087086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microwave ablation (MWA) in conjunction with EGFR inhibition has been shown to be effective for treating EGFRmutant non-small cell lung cancer patients with oligoprogressive disease. However, patients who will benefit most from MWA is inconclusive. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) count during EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been used to predict survival outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of the baseline CTC count and the change in the CTC count during MWA therapy of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Serial blood samples were taken at baseline (CTC-d0) and on day 28 (CTC-d28) following MWA for detection of CTCs. 36 patients were eligible and thirty-five of these patients had CTC-d0 ≥ 2. Patients were dichotomized as favourable (0-8 CTCs) and unfavourable (≥ 8 CTCs) groups according to CTC numbers. The progression-free survival (PFS) interval for patients in the favourable group at baseline was 8.5 months, similar with the median PFS time of 8.1 months achieved by patients in the unfavourable group ( p=0.231). In addition, patients in the favourable group on day 28 did not exhibit significantly longer median PFS compared with patients in the unfavourable group (8.3 vs. 7.9 months; p=0.147). The overall survival outcome is not mature. In univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, CTC-d0 ≥ 8 vs. CTC-d0<8 and CTC-d28 ≥ 8 vs. CTC-d28 <8 were not significantly associated with poor PFS. This study indicates that the CTC count is not a prognostic factor for PFS outcome following MWA in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
微波消融(MWA)联合EGFR抑制已被证明对EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌低进行性疾病患者有效。然而，谁将从MWA中获益最多尚无定论。在egfr靶向酪氨酸激酶抑制剂期间，循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)计数已被用于预测生存结果。本研究旨在探讨基线CTC计数的预后意义以及egfr突变型NSCLC患者在MWA治疗期间CTC计数的变化。在基线(CTC-d0)和MWA后第28天(CTC-d28)采集连续血液样本以检测ctc。36例患者入选，其中35例患者CTC-d0≥2。根据CTC数将患者分为有利组(0-8个CTC)和不利组(≥8个CTC)。在基线时，有利组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)为8.5个月，与不利组患者的中位PFS时间8.1个月相似(p=0.231)。此外，与不利组患者相比，有利组患者在第28天的中位PFS没有显着延长(8.3个月对7.9个月;p = 0.147)。总体生存结局不成熟。单因素分析和多因素分析中，CTC-d0≥8 vs CTC-d0<8、CTC-d28≥8 vs CTC-d28 <8与不良PFS无显著相关性。本研究表明，对于egfr突变型NSCLC患者，CTC计数并不是MWA后PFS结果的预后因素。
{"title":"Circulating Tumor Cells Failed to Predict Prognosis Following Micro- Wave Ablation of Oligometastasis in EGFR-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients","authors":"De-jie Zheng, Haipeng Ren, Shuzhen Liu, Ruineng Li, Qianqian Zhang, Guohua Yu, F. Jiang","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave ablation (MWA) in conjunction with EGFR inhibition has been shown to be effective for treating EGFRmutant non-small cell lung cancer patients with oligoprogressive disease. However, patients who will benefit most from MWA is inconclusive. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) count during EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been used to predict survival outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of the baseline CTC count and the change in the CTC count during MWA therapy of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Serial blood samples were taken at baseline (CTC-d0) and on day 28 (CTC-d28) following MWA for detection of CTCs. 36 patients were eligible and thirty-five of these patients had CTC-d0 ≥ 2. Patients were dichotomized as favourable (0-8 CTCs) and unfavourable (≥ 8 CTCs) groups according to CTC numbers. The progression-free survival (PFS) interval for patients in the favourable group at baseline was 8.5 months, similar with the median PFS time of 8.1 months achieved by patients in the unfavourable group ( p=0.231). In addition, patients in the favourable group on day 28 did not exhibit significantly longer median PFS compared with patients in the unfavourable group (8.3 vs. 7.9 months; p=0.147). The overall survival outcome is not mature. In univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, CTC-d0 ≥ 8 vs. CTC-d0<8 and CTC-d28 ≥ 8 vs. CTC-d28 <8 were not significantly associated with poor PFS. This study indicates that the CTC count is not a prognostic factor for PFS outcome following MWA in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82443533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000318
K. Inamura, K. Emoto, H. Ichihara, K. Sasaki, T. Iwasa, Kojima Rie, M. Kawabe, Y. Komizu, Y. Matsumoto, T. Matsushita
{"title":"Evaluation of an In vitro Approach to the Prediction of In vivo Effects on Multidrug Resistance in Human Hepatoma Cells","authors":"K. Inamura, K. Emoto, H. Ichihara, K. Sasaki, T. Iwasa, Kojima Rie, M. Kawabe, Y. Komizu, Y. Matsumoto, T. Matsushita","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83850059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000328
O. Tehrani, P. Stephens, G. Frampton, Caitlin F. Connelly, E. Sokol, J. Ross, V. Miller, J. Moriarty
Objective: Studying the genetic alterations of poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas to improve the understanding of the biology of these aggressive cancers. Methods: Next generation sequencing was performed on the DNA extracted samples, using the Illumina HiSeq2000/4000 on 315 cancer related genes and tumor mutation burden was reported. Results: In 914 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 115 small cell of undefined primary (SCUP), there were similar and close rates of genetic alterations in lung lesions and distant metastatic foci in SCLC and SCUP. Also, the majority of tumors, both lung lesions and distant metastatic foci, did not carry a high tumor mutation burden. Multiple potentially targetable driver genes were identified. Despite common involvement of transmembrane signaling pathways and transcription machinery, other than TP53 and RB1, there was no considerable concurrent gene alteration. Conclusion: This study showed similar genetic alteration and tumor mutation burden in the lung lesions and in distant metastatic foci. TP53 and RB1 were the frequently altered concurrently.
{"title":"Genetic Alterations and Tumor Mutation Burden of Poorly Differentiated Small Cell Euro-endocrine Carcinomas are Similar in Lung Lesions and Distant Metastatic Foci","authors":"O. Tehrani, P. Stephens, G. Frampton, Caitlin F. Connelly, E. Sokol, J. Ross, V. Miller, J. Moriarty","doi":"10.4172/2157-2518.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Studying the genetic alterations of poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas to improve the understanding of the biology of these aggressive cancers. Methods: Next generation sequencing was performed on the DNA extracted samples, using the Illumina HiSeq2000/4000 on 315 cancer related genes and tumor mutation burden was reported. Results: In 914 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 115 small cell of undefined primary (SCUP), there were similar and close rates of genetic alterations in lung lesions and distant metastatic foci in SCLC and SCUP. Also, the majority of tumors, both lung lesions and distant metastatic foci, did not carry a high tumor mutation burden. Multiple potentially targetable driver genes were identified. Despite common involvement of transmembrane signaling pathways and transcription machinery, other than TP53 and RB1, there was no considerable concurrent gene alteration. Conclusion: This study showed similar genetic alteration and tumor mutation burden in the lung lesions and in distant metastatic foci. TP53 and RB1 were the frequently altered concurrently.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79196003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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