Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.004
N. Shun
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that portrays malignancy related qualities. It centers around genomic, epigenomic and record adjustments in malignancy. Genome sequencing is giving doctors more information about the reasons for malignant growth and changing the manner in which a few types of the infection are dealt with.
{"title":"Cancer Genomics Transformation and Treatment","authors":"N. Shun","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.004","url":null,"abstract":"Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that portrays malignancy related qualities. It centers around genomic, epigenomic and record adjustments in malignancy. Genome sequencing is giving doctors more information about the reasons for malignant growth and changing the manner in which a few types of the infection are dealt with.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90915961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.347
M. Pawlikowski
This article summarizes the results of many years of studies on biomineralization in chosen cancers. They were conducted on cancers of skin, lungs, mouth, kidney, prostate, thyroid, connective tissue and others, using modern methods of mineralogy and histology. Obtained results indicate that two types of biomineralization are present in cancer areas: hidden and visible biomineralization. Hidden biomineralization does not manifest as grains or mineral crystals in the tissue. It is present in the form of elevated levels of elements and compounds in the body fluids as well as elements incorporated into the atomic structures of the tissue. Visible biomineralization is the next stage. It builds up as a result of continued development of hidden biomineralization, leading to the formation of mineral grains, crystals, etc. Tissue biomineralization with various substances, including so called carcinogens, can lead to DNA modification in the section responsible for cell multiplication. That in turn can cause a DNA defect, accelerating the cell proliferation rate. The result is uncontrolled cell multiplication, causing development of cancerous tissue in the organ. Depending on which cells are mutated, which DNA section gets defected, and what substance (carcinogen) is built into the DNA during cell proliferation, a wide spectrum of cancers can develop even within one organ. Described phenomenon results in huge variety of types of cancer.
{"title":"Tissue Biomineralization as a Mechanism Leading to Cancer Development","authors":"M. Pawlikowski","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.347","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarizes the results of many years of studies on biomineralization in chosen cancers. They were conducted on cancers of skin, lungs, mouth, kidney, prostate, thyroid, connective tissue and others, using modern methods of mineralogy and histology. Obtained results indicate that two types of biomineralization are present in cancer areas: hidden and visible biomineralization. Hidden biomineralization does not manifest as grains or mineral crystals in the tissue. It is present in the form of elevated levels of elements and compounds in the body fluids as well as elements incorporated into the atomic structures of the tissue. Visible biomineralization is the next stage. It builds up as a result of continued development of hidden biomineralization, leading to the formation of mineral grains, crystals, etc. Tissue biomineralization with various substances, including so called carcinogens, can lead to DNA modification in the section responsible for cell multiplication. That in turn can cause a DNA defect, accelerating the cell proliferation rate. The result is uncontrolled cell multiplication, causing development of cancerous tissue in the organ. Depending on which cells are mutated, which DNA section gets defected, and what substance (carcinogen) is built into the DNA during cell proliferation, a wide spectrum of cancers can develop even within one organ. Described phenomenon results in huge variety of types of cancer.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74770351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.S15.002
A. Mazny
Lymphoma is a get-together of blood malignancies that make from lymphocytes (quite a white platelet). The name in many cases intimates essentially the dangerous structures instead of every single such tumor. Signs and results may join heightened lymph focuses, fever, splashing sweats, unintended weight abatement, shuddering, and continually feeling tired. The escalated lymph focuses are generally straightforward. The sweats are ordinarily basic around evening time. The World Health Organization (WHO) fuses two unique arrangements as sorts of lymphoma-various myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases. About 90% of lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Lymphomas and leukemias are a bit of the broader social affair of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.
{"title":"Lymphoma as Blood Malignancies","authors":"A. Mazny","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.S15.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.S15.002","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphoma is a get-together of blood malignancies that make from lymphocytes (quite a white platelet). The name in many cases intimates essentially the dangerous structures instead of every single such tumor. Signs and results may join heightened lymph focuses, fever, splashing sweats, unintended weight abatement, shuddering, and continually feeling tired. The escalated lymph focuses are generally straightforward. The sweats are ordinarily basic around evening time. The World Health Organization (WHO) fuses two unique arrangements as sorts of lymphoma-various myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases. About 90% of lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Lymphomas and leukemias are a bit of the broader social affair of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85823656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.001
Y. Kawarabayasi
Cancer is one of the most dangerous disease which made many lives disastrous physically, psychologically and in an unhealthy manner. Major challenge for the scientists and researchers is cancer treatment and still a huge research is going on in clinical trials. Earlier cancer treatments are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are moving to two new effective ways: Cancer genomics and immunotherapy. Cancer genomics is the study of gene expression, the totality of DNA sequence and differences between tumors cells and normal host cells. Immuno-oncology is a prominent field that has taken to fight against cancer, provide a refined understanding of how cancer tumors elude the natural immune response. The information on immunology of the host and genomics of tumor will had a drastic growth in the following decade.
{"title":"Opportunities of Intersection for Cancer Genomics and Immunotherapy","authors":"Y. Kawarabayasi","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.001","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the most dangerous disease which made many lives disastrous physically, psychologically and in an unhealthy manner. Major challenge for the scientists and researchers is cancer treatment and still a huge research is going on in clinical trials. Earlier cancer treatments are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are moving to two new effective ways: Cancer genomics and immunotherapy. Cancer genomics is the study of gene expression, the totality of DNA sequence and differences between tumors cells and normal host cells. Immuno-oncology is a prominent field that has taken to fight against cancer, provide a refined understanding of how cancer tumors elude the natural immune response. The information on immunology of the host and genomics of tumor will had a drastic growth in the following decade.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79854985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.343
Bizualem Shenkutie, S. Solomon, Asmamawu Menilh
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous diseases and it is difficult to provide the right treatment. Molecular markers are good indicators for prognosis and predictive factor. Therefore, the current review was designed to assess the prevalence of Molecular subtypes of Breast cancer in Ethiopia. The review concentrated on current literature on Prevalence, Breast Cancer, Women, Molecular Subtypes, Hormone Receptors and Ethiopia with scientifically proven efficacy was carried out using electronic databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed. Among a total of 4000 studies, six studies were included in this review. The current review showed that the prevalence of ER+, PR+ and Luminal A Breast cancer is high in Ethiopia. For this reason Ethiopian breast cancer patients will be take hormonal therapy. However, further study should be done on the prevalence of molecular subtypes of breast cancer via PCR and other laboratory method for clearly identification of the molecular markers.
{"title":"Prevalence of Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"Bizualem Shenkutie, S. Solomon, Asmamawu Menilh","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.343","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a heterogeneous diseases and it is difficult to provide the right treatment. Molecular markers are good indicators for prognosis and predictive factor. Therefore, the current review was designed to assess the prevalence of Molecular subtypes of Breast cancer in Ethiopia. The review concentrated on current literature on Prevalence, Breast Cancer, Women, Molecular Subtypes, Hormone Receptors and Ethiopia with scientifically proven efficacy was carried out using electronic databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed. Among a total of 4000 studies, six studies were included in this review. The current review showed that the prevalence of ER+, PR+ and Luminal A Breast cancer is high in Ethiopia. For this reason Ethiopian breast cancer patients will be take hormonal therapy. However, further study should be done on the prevalence of molecular subtypes of breast cancer via PCR and other laboratory method for clearly identification of the molecular markers.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79221720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.349
K. Ando, A. Nakagawara, H. Nagase, S. Kobayashi, S. Wada
Recent advances in small molecule kinase inhibitors have markedly improved patient survival in various types of cancer. Most of these successes can be attributed to the concept of “targeting driver oncogenes,” as in the case of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e., EGFR inhibitors), but not in serine/threonine kinase inhibitors including CHK1 inhibitor. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms is needed to identify synergistic interactions of CHK1 that would help prolong patient survival and improve their quality of life.
{"title":"CHK1 Inhibitor-Based Checkpoint Abrogation: A Classic, Yet New Therapeutic Approach in Advanced Cancer","authors":"K. Ando, A. Nakagawara, H. Nagase, S. Kobayashi, S. Wada","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.349","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in small molecule kinase inhibitors have markedly improved patient survival in various types of cancer. Most of these successes can be attributed to the concept of “targeting driver oncogenes,” as in the case of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e., EGFR inhibitors), but not in serine/threonine kinase inhibitors including CHK1 inhibitor. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms is needed to identify synergistic interactions of CHK1 that would help prolong patient survival and improve their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"257 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72903828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.003
J. Maheswari
Cancer is a deadly disease affecting a huge number of individuals throughout the world wide. In case of cancer treatment the research and clinical trials are still on-going in several research countries. Several new mechanisms and methods are suggested and some are supported in this path. Recently the 2 methods i.e. cancer genomics and immuno oncology are providing an effective and efficient treatment for the various types of cancers.
{"title":"Cancer Genomics: A New Perception in Cancer Prevention","authors":"J. Maheswari","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.003","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a deadly disease affecting a huge number of individuals throughout the world wide. In case of cancer treatment the research and clinical trials are still on-going in several research countries. Several new mechanisms and methods are suggested and some are supported in this path. Recently the 2 methods i.e. cancer genomics and immuno oncology are providing an effective and efficient treatment for the various types of cancers.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77653056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.356
P. Sharda, S. Chaitanya, A. Kapoor, K. Sharma, A. Syed, B. Ravi
We report a case of a 50-year-old man who is a chronic smoker, referred to our IBCC (Integrated Breast Care Centre) department, in AIIMS, Rishikesh with complaints of a lump in his left breast for 6 years. A 3×2 cm, ill-defined, firm to hard, non-mobile lump located in the upper and outer quadrant of the left breast which is beneath the previous surgical scar with skin infiltration is noted. Histological characteristics of DFSP are the arrangement of monomorphic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. It was staged as T4b N0 M0 and left wide local excisional biopsy of the tumor with a macroscopically free margin of 3 cm and sent for frozen section which revealed a dendritic differentiation with free margins and further confirmed on final histopathological examination. The postoperative recovery of the patient was uneventful. No loco-regional recurrence or distant metastasis was noted for 6 months of regular follow-up.
{"title":"Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberance of Male Breast: A Rare Case Presentation","authors":"P. Sharda, S. Chaitanya, A. Kapoor, K. Sharma, A. Syed, B. Ravi","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.356","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of a 50-year-old man who is a chronic smoker, referred to our IBCC (Integrated Breast Care Centre) department, in AIIMS, Rishikesh with complaints of a lump in his left breast for 6 years. A 3×2 cm, ill-defined, firm to hard, non-mobile lump located in the upper and outer quadrant of the left breast which is beneath the previous surgical scar with skin infiltration is noted. Histological characteristics of DFSP are the arrangement of monomorphic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. It was staged as T4b N0 M0 and left wide local excisional biopsy of the tumor with a macroscopically free margin of 3 cm and sent for frozen section which revealed a dendritic differentiation with free margins and further confirmed on final histopathological examination. The postoperative recovery of the patient was uneventful. No loco-regional recurrence or distant metastasis was noted for 6 months of regular follow-up.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78809507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.354
Max Costa, Angelica Ortiz
Metal toxicity is often associated with inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis. Various metal compounds have the capacity to induce DNA damage and elicit epigenetic changes that contribute to cell transformation and cancer. Understanding the altered pathways elicited by these metals and metal compounds aid in the preventative care as well as establishment of therapy regimens. As the ambient environment becomes contaminated with these toxic metals, studies have also demonstrated a growing capacity of metals designated as carcinogens to also exhibit neurotoxicity. The brain is often thought as a protected organ within the confines of the skull and protected from foreign substances by the blood brain barrier. Unfortunately, carcinogenic metals exist as compounds conferring their ability to enter the brain and accumulate, and in many instances they do so by destroying the blood brain barrier. The presence and accumulation of these pernicious compounds activates pathways that alter neurochemistry that support cognitive and motor function
{"title":"The Toxicity of Carcinogenic Metals to the Brain","authors":"Max Costa, Angelica Ortiz","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.11.354","url":null,"abstract":"Metal toxicity is often associated with inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis. Various metal compounds have the capacity to induce DNA damage and elicit epigenetic changes that contribute to cell transformation and cancer. Understanding the altered pathways elicited by these metals and metal compounds aid in the preventative care as well as establishment of therapy regimens. As the ambient environment becomes contaminated with these toxic metals, studies have also demonstrated a growing capacity of metals designated as carcinogens to also exhibit neurotoxicity. The brain is often thought as a protected organ within the confines of the skull and protected from foreign substances by the blood brain barrier. Unfortunately, carcinogenic metals exist as compounds conferring their ability to enter the brain and accumulate, and in many instances they do so by destroying the blood brain barrier. The presence and accumulation of these pernicious compounds activates pathways that alter neurochemistry that support cognitive and motor function","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88018931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.005
A. Štrkalj
The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) is an openly available malignant growth information archive and apparatus that permits us to comprehend the sub-atomic premise of disease through the utilization of genomics and proteomics. Up until this point, scientists have had the option to analyze 33 malignancy types including 10 uncommon disease types. The critical highlights of TCGA are to make the information assortment measure openly available for the better comprehension of the atomic and hereditary premise of malignancy and its instrument of activity alongside its anticipation.
{"title":"Malignancy Genomics and Immuno-Oncological Markers to Control Insusceptible Treatments","authors":"A. Štrkalj","doi":"10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-2518.20.S14.005","url":null,"abstract":"The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) is an openly available malignant growth information archive and apparatus that permits us to comprehend the sub-atomic premise of disease through the utilization of genomics and proteomics. Up until this point, scientists have had the option to analyze 33 malignancy types including 10 uncommon disease types. The critical highlights of TCGA are to make the information assortment measure openly available for the better comprehension of the atomic and hereditary premise of malignancy and its instrument of activity alongside its anticipation.","PeriodicalId":15209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of carcinogenesis & mutagenesis","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74006956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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