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Generalized Joint Hypermobility Is Associated with Type-A Hip Dysplasia in Patients Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy. 接受髋关节周围截骨术的患者全身关节过度活动与 A 型髋关节发育不良有关。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01030
Hangyu Ping, Xiangpeng Kong, Hong Zhang, Dianzhong Luo, Qing Jiang, Wei Chai

Background: Joint hypermobility may be associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), but no definite conclusion has been reached. On the basis of long-term clinical observations, we hypothesized that joint hypermobility was associated with the occurrence, imaging findings, and clinical symptoms of DDH.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study that included 175 Chinese Han patients between 13 and 45 years of age with Hartofilakidis type-A hip dysplasia. All of these patients underwent periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) between November 2021 and February 2023. An additional 76 individuals of comparable age and sex but without hip dysplasia were selected from the general population to serve as healthy controls. The Beighton 9-point scoring system was used to evaluate joint hypermobility, and a score of ≥4 was defined as generalized joint hypermobility. Standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were reviewed. For patients with DDH, the lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, lateralization of the femoral head, and patient-reported outcomes (iHOT-12, HHS, and WOMAC) were also collected to determine the radiographic severity or clinical symptoms of DDH.

Results: Patients with DDH had an elevated prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility compared with that in the healthy population (27% versus 12%; p = 0.009). Among patients with DDH, those with concomitant generalized joint hypermobility had lower lateral center-edge angles (3.55° versus 9.36°; p = 0.012), greater lateralization of the femoral head (13.78 versus 12.17 mm; p = 0.020), greater standardized lateralization of the femoral head (0.64 versus 0.54; p = 0.009), and lower iHOT-12 scores (35.22 versus 40.96; p = 0.009) than did those without concomitant generalized joint hypermobility. Further multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that higher Beighton scores and younger age were predictive of more severe hip dysplasia. However, the Beighton score was not found to be independently associated with patient-reported outcomes according to multivariable linear regression analysis.

Conclusions: The prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility was greater in patients with DDH than in healthy controls. A higher degree of joint hypermobility was also correlated with more severe hip dysplasia. These results suggest that joint laxity, in addition to bone or cartilage factors, is an important factor related to DDH.

Level of evidence: Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

背景:关节过度活动可能与髋关节发育不良(DDH)有关,但尚未得出明确结论。根据长期的临床观察,我们假设关节活动度过大与 DDH 的发生、影像学检查结果和临床症状有关:我们进行了一项病例对照研究,纳入了 175 名年龄在 13 至 45 岁之间、患有 Hartofilakidis A 型髋关节发育不良的中国汉族患者。所有这些患者都在 2021 年 11 月至 2023 年 2 月期间接受了髋臼周围截骨术(PAO)。另外还从普通人群中挑选了76名年龄和性别相当但没有髋关节发育不良的患者作为健康对照组。采用Beighton 9点评分法评估关节活动度过大,得分≥4分为全身关节活动度过大。对站立位前正位骨盆X光片进行复查。对于DDH患者,还收集了外侧中心边缘角、Tönnis角、Sharp角、股骨头外侧化和患者报告结果(iHOT-12、HHS和WOMAC),以确定DDH的影像学严重程度或临床症状:结果:与健康人群相比,DDH患者的全身关节活动度增高(27%对12%;P = 0.009)。在DDH患者中,伴有全身关节活动过度的患者外侧中心-边缘角度较低(3.55°对9.36°;p = 0.012),股骨头外侧化程度较高(13.78 mm对12.17 mm;p = 0.020)、更大的股骨头标准化外侧化(0.64 对 0.54;p = 0.009)以及更低的 iHOT-12 评分(35.22 对 40.96;p = 0.009)。进一步的多变量线性回归分析表明,Beighton评分越高、年龄越小,髋关节发育不良的程度越严重。然而,根据多变量线性回归分析,Beighton评分与患者报告的结果并无独立关联:结论:与健康对照组相比,DDH患者全身关节过度活动的发生率更高。结论:与健康对照组相比,DDH患者全身关节活动度过大的比例更高,关节活动度过大还与更严重的髋关节发育不良相关。这些结果表明,除了骨或软骨因素外,关节松弛也是与DDH相关的一个重要因素:预后III级。有关证据级别的完整描述,请参阅《作者须知》。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy of 4 Different Methods for Estimation of Remaining Growth and Timing of Epiphysiodesis. 四种不同方法在估计剩余生长量和骨骺形成时间方面的准确性。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01483
Anne Berg Breen, Harald Steen, Are Pripp, Sanyalak Niratisairak, Joachim Horn

Background: The calculation of remaining growth in children and the timing of epiphysiodesis in those with leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is most often done with 4 methods: the Green-Anderson, White-Menelaus, Moseley straight-line graph, and multiplier methods. The aims of this study were to identify the most accurate method with use of bone age or chronological age and to evaluate the influence of including inhibition in the calculations.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-one children (10 to 17 years of age) with LLD who underwent surgical closure of the growth plate and were followed until skeletal maturity were identified from a local health register. Patients had at least 2 leg-length examinations with simultaneous bone-age assessments (according to the Greulich and Pyle method), with the last examination performed ≤6 months before surgery. The accuracy of each method was calculated as the mean absolute prediction error (predicted leg length - actual leg length at maturity) for the short leg, the long leg, and the LLD. Comparisons were made among the 4 methods and among calculations made with chronological age versus bone age and those made with versus those without incorporation of a reduced growth rate (inhibition) of the short leg compared with the long leg.

Results: The White-Menelaus method with use of bone age and a fixed inhibition rate was the most accurate method, with a prediction error of 1.5 ± 1.5 cm for the short leg, 1.0 ± 1.2 cm for the long leg, and 0.7 ± 0.7 cm for the LLD. Pairwise comparison of short-leg length and LLD according to the White-Menelaus and other methods showed that they were significantly different (p ≤ 0.002). The calculated inhibition rate did not increase accuracy.

Conclusions: The White-Menelaus method used with bone age and constant inhibition should be the preferred method when predicting remaining growth and the timing of epiphysiodesis in children between 10 and 17 years of age. One examination is in most cases sufficient for the preoperative clinical investigation when chronological age and bone age are concordant.

Level of evidence: Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

背景:计算儿童的剩余生长量和腿长不一致(LLD)儿童的骨骺发育时间最常用的方法有四种:格林-安德森法、怀特-梅内劳斯法、莫斯利直线图法和乘数法。本研究的目的是确定使用骨龄或实际年龄的最准确方法,并评估在计算中加入抑制因素的影响:方法:从当地的健康登记册中筛选出191名患有LLD的儿童(10至17岁),这些儿童接受了生长板闭合手术,并随访至骨骼发育成熟。患者至少接受了两次腿长检查,并同时进行了骨龄评估(根据格赖利希和派尔方法),最后一次检查在手术前 6 个月进行。每种方法的准确性都是根据短腿、长腿和LLD的平均绝对预测误差(预测腿长-成熟时的实际腿长)来计算的。对 4 种方法进行了比较,并比较了按实际年龄计算与按骨龄计算之间的误差,以及按短腿与长腿相比生长速度降低(抑制)计算与不按抑制计算之间的误差:使用骨龄和固定抑制率的怀特-梅内劳斯方法是最准确的方法,短腿的预测误差为 1.5 ± 1.5 厘米,长腿为 1.0 ± 1.2 厘米,长短腿的预测误差为 0.7 ± 0.7 厘米。根据怀特-梅内劳斯方法和其他方法对短腿长度和长腿长度进行配对比较后发现,它们之间存在显著差异(p ≤ 0.002)。计算的抑制率并没有提高准确性:在预测10至17岁儿童的剩余生长和骨骺形成时间时,怀特-梅内莱乌斯法与骨龄和恒定抑制率一起使用应是首选方法。在大多数情况下,当年龄和骨龄一致时,一次检查就足以进行术前临床调查:预后III级。有关证据级别的完整描述,请参阅 "作者须知"。
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引用次数: 0
The Consequences of Surgical Timing in Multiligament Knee Injury: Commentary on an article by Graeme Hoit, MD, et al.: "Early Compared with Delayed Reconstruction in Multiligament Knee Injury. A Retrospective Propensity Analysis". 多韧带膝关节损伤手术时机的后果:评论医学博士 Graeme Hoit 等人的文章:"多韧带膝关节损伤的早期重建与延迟重建相比。回顾性倾向分析"。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.24.00742
Travis J Dekker
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Outcomes Following Operative and Nonoperative Management of Odontoid Fractures Among Elderly Individuals with Dementia. 痴呆症老人齿骨骨折手术和非手术治疗的临床效果。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.00835
Andrew J Schoenfeld, Lingwei Xiang, Rachel R Adler, Alyssa L Schoenfeld, James D Kang, Joel S Weissman

Background: The incidence of odontoid fractures among the elderly population has been increasing in recent years. Elderly individuals with dementia may be at increased risk for inferior outcomes following such fractures. Although surgical intervention has been maintained to optimize survival and recovery, it is unclear if this benefit extends to patients with dementia. We hypothesized that patients with dementia who were treated operatively for odontoid fractures would experience improved survival and lower rates of hospice admission but higher rates of delirium and of intensive interventions.

Methods: We used Medicare claims data (2017 to 2018) to identify community-dwelling individuals with dementia who sustained type-II odontoid fractures. We considered treatment strategy (operative or nonoperative) as the primary predictor and survival as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes consisted of post-treatment delirium, hospice admission, post-treatment intensive intervention, and post-discharge admission to a nursing home or a skilled nursing facility. In all models, we controlled for age, biological sex, race, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, Frailty Index, admission source, treating hospital, and dual eligibility. Adjusted analyses for survival were conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression. Adjusted analyses for secondary outcomes were performed using generalized estimating equations. To address confounding by indication, we performed confirmatory analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results: In this study, we included 1,030 patients. The median age of the cohort was 86.5 years (interquartile range, 80.9 to 90.8 years), 60.7% of the patients were female, and 90% of the patients were White. A surgical procedure was performed in 19.8% of the cohort. Following an adjusted analysis, patients treated surgically had a 28% lower hazard of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53 to 0.98]), but higher odds of delirium (odds ratio, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.10 to 2.44]). These findings were preserved in the inverse probability weighted analysis.

Conclusions: We found that, among individuals with dementia who sustain a type-II odontoid fracture, surgical intervention may confer a survival benefit. A surgical procedure may be an appropriate treatment strategy for individuals with dementia whose life-care goals include life prolongation and maximizing quality of life in the short term following an injury.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

背景:近年来,老年人蝶骨骨折的发病率不断上升。患有痴呆症的老年人在发生此类骨折后可能面临更多不良后果的风险。虽然手术干预一直被认为能优化生存和恢复,但目前还不清楚这种益处是否也适用于痴呆症患者。我们假设,接受蝶骨骨折手术治疗的痴呆症患者的生存率会提高,接受临终关怀的比例会降低,但谵妄和强化干预的比例会升高:我们使用医疗保险理赔数据(2017 年至 2018 年)来识别在社区居住、发生 II 型颧骨骨折的痴呆患者。我们将治疗策略(手术或非手术)作为主要预测因素,将存活率作为主要结果。次要结果包括治疗后谵妄、接受临终关怀、治疗后强化干预以及出院后入住疗养院或专业护理机构。在所有模型中,我们对年龄、生理性别、种族、Elixhauser 生病指数、虚弱指数、入院来源、治疗医院和双重资格进行了控制。使用 Cox 比例危险回归对生存率进行了调整分析。次要结果的调整分析采用广义估计方程。为了解决适应症的混杂问题,我们使用治疗的逆概率加权法进行了确认分析:本研究共纳入 1,030 名患者。组群的中位年龄为 86.5 岁(四分位间范围为 80.9 至 90.8 岁),60.7% 的患者为女性,90% 的患者为白人。19.8%的患者接受了手术治疗。经过调整分析,接受手术治疗的患者死亡率降低了 28%(危险比为 0.72 [95% 置信区间 (CI),0.53 至 0.98]),但出现谵妄的几率较高(几率比为 1.64 [95% CI,1.10 至 2.44])。这些结果在逆概率加权分析中得以保留:我们发现,在遭受 II 型蝶骨骨折的痴呆患者中,手术干预可能会带来生存益处。对于痴呆症患者来说,手术治疗可能是一种合适的治疗策略,因为他们的生活护理目标包括在受伤后的短期内延长生命并最大限度地提高生活质量:治疗级别III。有关证据等级的完整描述,请参阅 "作者须知"。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Practice Guidelines to Support Capacity Building in Orthopaedic Surgical Outreach: An International Consensus Building Approach. 支持矫形外科外展能力建设的临床实践指南:建立国际共识的方法。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01414
Jessica M Welch, Robin N Kamal, Scott H Kozin, George S M Dyer, Julia A Katarincic, Paige M Fox, Lauren M Shapiro
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical outreach to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by organizations from high- income countries is on the rise to help address the growing burden of conditions warranting surgery. However, concerns remain about the impact and sustainability of such outreach. Leading organizations (e.g., the World Health Organization) advocate for a capacity-building approach to ensure the safety, quality, and sustainability of the local health-care system. Despite this, to our knowledge, no guidelines exist to inform such efforts. We aimed to develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to support capacity-building in orthopaedic surgical outreach utilizing a multistakeholder and international voting panel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed a modified American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) CPG development process. We systematically reviewed the existing literature across 7 predefined capacity-building domains (partnership, professional development, governance, community impact, finance, coordination, and culture). A writing panel composed of 6 orthopaedic surgeons with extensive experience in surgical outreach reviewed the existing literature and developed a consensus-based CPG for each domain. We created an international voting panel of orthopaedic surgeons and administrators who have leadership roles in outreach organizations or hospitals with which outreach organizations partner. Members individually reviewed the CPGs and voted to approve or disapprove each guideline. A CPG was considered approved if >80% of panel members voted to approve it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An international voting panel of 14 surgeons and administrators from 6 countries approved all 7 of the CPGs. Each CPG provides recommendations for capacity-building in a specific domain. For example, in the domain of partnership, the CPG recommends the development of a documented plan for ongoing, bidirectional partnership between the outreach organization and the local team. In the domain of professional development, the CPG recommends the development of a needs-based curriculum focused on both surgical and nonsurgical patient care utilizing didactic and hands-on techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As orthopaedic surgical outreach grows, best-practice CPGs to inform capacity-building initiatives can help to ensure that resources and efforts are optimized to support the sustainability of care delivery at local sites. These guidelines can be reviewed and updated in the future as evidence that supports capacity-building in LMICs evolves.The global burden of disease warranting surgery is substantial, and morbidity and mortality from otherwise treatable conditions remain disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) 1 , 2 . It is estimated that up to 2 million (about 40%) of injury-related deaths in LMICs could be avoided annually if mortality rates were reduced to the level of those in high-income co
背景:高收入国家的医疗机构向低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)开展外科外展活动的数量正在增加,以帮助应对需要进行外科手术的疾病日益增加的负担。然而,人们仍对此类外展活动的影响和可持续性表示担忧。主要组织(如世界卫生组织)主张采用能力建设的方法来确保当地医疗系统的安全、质量和可持续性。尽管如此,据我们所知,目前还没有任何指南来指导此类工作。我们的目标是制定临床实践指南(CPG),利用多方利益相关者和国际投票小组支持骨科手术外展的能力建设:我们采用了经过修改的美国矫形外科医师学会 (AAOS) CPG 开发流程。我们在 7 个预定义的能力建设领域(伙伴关系、专业发展、管理、社区影响、财务、协调和文化)内系统地查阅了现有文献。由 6 名在外科外展方面具有丰富经验的骨科医生组成的写作小组对现有文献进行了审查,并针对每个领域制定了基于共识的 CPG。我们成立了一个由骨科外科医生和管理人员组成的国际投票小组,他们在外联组织或与外联组织合作的医院中担任领导职务。成员们逐一审查了 CPG,并投票决定是否批准每项指南。如果有超过 80% 的小组成员投票赞成,则认为该 CPG 已获批准:由来自 6 个国家的 14 名外科医生和管理人员组成的国际投票小组批准了所有 7 项 CPG。每份国家方案指导文件都对特定领域的能力建设提出了建议。例如,在合作伙伴关系领域,CPG 建议为外联组织和当地团队之间持续的双向合作伙伴关系制定有据可查的计划。在专业发展方面,CPG 建议开发以需求为基础的课程,重点关注手术和非手术患者护理,并利用说教和实践技术:结论:随着骨科手术外展活动的增加,为能力建设活动提供信息的最佳实践 CPG 有助于确保资源和工作得到优化,以支持当地医疗点持续提供医疗服务。随着支持低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)能力建设的证据不断发展,这些指南可在未来进行审查和更新。需要进行外科手术的疾病给全球造成了沉重负担,而在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs),原本可以治疗的疾病的发病率和死亡率仍然过高1,2。据估计,如果将死亡率降低到高收入国家(HICs)的水平,每年可避免多达 200 万例(约 40%)中低收入国家(LMICs)与伤害相关的死亡3。 尽管如此,资源匮乏地区在改善安全、及时手术的可及性方面却进展缓慢。从历史上看,非政府组织(NGOs)曾试图通过短期外展旅行来满足未得到满足的手术需求;然而,越来越多的批评强调了短期旅行的局限性,包括有限的后续行动、增加当地劳动力的负担以及进一步消耗当地资源4-6。鉴于持续存在的问题,公共卫生的重点已转向强调长期能力建设而非短期医疗服务的模式。能力建设是一种医疗保健发展方法,它通过发展基础设施、可持续性和加强问题解决来建立独立性,同时考虑到具体情况7,8。
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引用次数: 0
Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering: A Single-Center Cohort with 4.3 to 7.4 Years of Follow-up. 椎体前部系带术:单中心队列,随访 4.3 至 7.4 年。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01229
Daniel G Hoernschemeyer, Samuel D Hawkins, Nicole M Tweedy, Melanie E Boeyer

Background: Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a well-recognized, non-fusion alternative for idiopathic scoliosis in children with growth remaining. To date, there have been almost no published outcome studies with postoperative follow-up of >2 years. We aimed to fill this gap by evaluating mid-term outcomes in our first 31 consecutive patients.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed additional clinical and radiographic data (mean, 5.7 ± 0.7 years) from our first 31 consecutive patients. Assessments included standard deformity measures, skeletal maturity status, and any additional complications (e.g., suspected broken tethers or surgical revisions). Using the same definition of success (i.e., all residual deformities, instrumented or uninstrumented, ≤30° at maturity; no posterior spinal fusion), we revisited the success rate, revision rate, and suspected broken tether rate.

Results: Of our first 31 patients treated with VBT, 29 (of whom 28 were non-Hispanic White and 1 was non-Hispanic Asian; 27 were female and 2 were male) returned for additional follow-up. The success rate dropped to 64% with longer follow-up as deformity measures increased, and the revision rate increased to 24% following 2 additional surgical revisions. Four additional suspected broken tethers were identified, for a rate of 55%, with only 1 occurring beyond 4 years. No additional patients had conversion to a posterior spinal fusion. We observed a mean increase of 4° (range, 2° to 8°) in main thoracic deformity measures and 8° (range, 6° to 12°) in thoracolumbar deformity measures.

Conclusions: With >5 years of follow-up, we observed a decrease in postoperative success, as progression of the deformity was observed in most subgroups, and an increase in the revision and suspected broken tether rates. No additional patients had conversion to a posterior spinal fusion, which may indicate long-term survivorship.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

背景:椎体拴系(VBT)是一种公认的非融合治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的替代方法,适用于发育迟缓的儿童。迄今为止,几乎没有发表过术后随访超过两年的结果研究。我们的目标是通过评估首批 31 例连续患者的中期疗效来填补这一空白:我们回顾性地评估了前 31 例连续患者的其他临床和影像学数据(平均 5.7 ± 0.7 年)。评估内容包括标准畸形测量、骨骼成熟度以及其他并发症(如疑似系带断裂或手术翻修)。采用相同的成功定义(即所有残余畸形、有器械或无器械、成熟度≤30°;无后路脊柱融合),我们重新审查了成功率、翻修率和疑似断裂系带率:在首批接受 VBT 治疗的 31 位患者中,有 29 位(其中 28 位为非西班牙裔白人,1 位为非西班牙裔亚裔;27 位为女性,2 位为男性)返回接受进一步随访。随着畸形程度的增加,随访时间的延长,成功率降至 64%,在进行了两次额外的手术翻修后,翻修率增至 24%。另外还发现了 4 例疑似系带断裂的患者,成功率为 55%,其中只有 1 例患者的系带断裂时间超过了 4 年。没有其他患者转为后路脊柱融合术。我们观察到主要胸椎畸形测量值平均增加了4°(范围为2°至8°),胸腰椎畸形测量值平均增加了8°(范围为6°至12°):随访超过5年后,我们观察到术后成功率有所下降,因为在大多数亚组中都观察到畸形进展,而且翻修率和疑似系带断裂率有所上升。没有其他患者转为后路脊柱融合术,这可能预示着长期存活率:证据等级:治疗三级。有关证据级别的完整描述,请参阅 "作者须知"。
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引用次数: 0
The Alpha Angle. 阿尔法角
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01089
Seper Ekhtiari, Olivia Fairhurst, Lily Mainwaring, Vikas Khanduja

➢ The alpha angle was originally defined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, using a plane, parallel to the axis of the femoral neck. However, much of the literature on the alpha angle has used radiographs or other imaging modalities to quantify the alpha angle.➢ The measurement of the alpha angle can be unreliable, particularly on radiographs and ultrasound.➢ If radiographs are used to measure the alpha angle, the circle of best-fit method should be used on multiple different views to capture various locations of the cam lesion, and "eyeballing" or estimating the alpha angle should be avoided.➢ The cam lesion is a dynamic and 3-dimensional (3D) problem and is unlikely to be adequately defined or captured by a single angle.➢ Modern technology, including readily available 3D imaging modalities, as well as intraoperative and dynamic imaging options, provides novel, and potentially more clinically relevant, ways to quantify the alpha angle.

➢ α角最初是在磁共振成像(MRI)扫描中使用与股骨颈轴线平行的平面来定义的。➢ 如果使用X光片测量α角,则应在多个不同视图上使用最佳拟合圆法捕捉凸轮病变的不同位置,并应避免 "目测 "或估计α角。➢ 凸轮病变是一个动态的三维(3D)问题,不可能用一个角度就能充分定义或捕捉到。 ➢ 现代技术,包括现成的三维成像模式以及术中和动态成像选项,提供了新颖且可能更贴近临床的方法来量化α角。
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引用次数: 0
Overcoming the Odds: "Making It"-Personally and Professionally-in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency as an International Medical Graduate. 克服困难:作为一名国际医学毕业生,在矫形外科住院实习中 "成功"--个人和职业。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.24.00147
Gergo Merkely
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引用次数: 0
Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Mid-Term Clinical Course of Knee Extension Paralysis and Outcomes of Nerve Transfer. 急性弛缓性脊髓炎膝关节外展麻痹的中期临床表现和神经转移的结果
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01268
Kazuteru Doi, Yasunori Hattori, Akio Maruyama, Abdelhakim Ezzat Marei, Sotetsu Sakamoto, Jun Sasaki, Kota Hayashi, Makimi Fujita

Background: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare debilitating poliomyelitis-like illness characterized by the sudden onset of flaccid palsy in the extremities. The purpose of this study was to report the mid-term clinical course of knee extension in AFM and the effect of contralateral obturator nerve-to-femoral nerve transfer (CONFNT) for restoration of knee extension in AFM.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with lower extremity palsy due to AFM were referred to our clinic for possible surgical reconstruction. Their median age was 4.0 years, and the first evaluation of the palsy was done at a mean of 6 months after paralysis onset. The paralysis ranged from lower limb monoplegia to quadriplegia. The clinical course of knee extension was assessed using the British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading scale and surface electromyography (EMG). Five patients with unilateral paralysis of knee extension underwent CONFNT.

Results: The mean follow-up period for 19 limbs with complete paralysis of knee extension (MRC grade M0) in 13 patients who were evaluated for spontaneous recovery was 43 months. No patient who had complete paralysis of knee extension at >6 months and paralysis of the hip adductor muscle had improvement of knee extension to better than M2. Five of the original 26 patients were treated with CONFNT and followed for a mean of 61 months. Two of 5 patients had the CONFNT ≤8 months after paralysis onset and obtained M4 knee extension. Only 1 of the 3 patients with CONFNT performed approximately 12 months after paralysis onset obtained M3 knee extension; the other 2 obtained only M1 or M2 knee extension.

Conclusions: The paralysis of the lower extremity in our patients with AFM was similar to that in poliomyelitis. However, in AFM, spontaneous recovery of knee extension was possible if there were signs of recovery from hip adductor paralysis up to 6 months after paralysis onset. CONFNT may enhance the recovery of knee extension and seems to be a reliable reconstruction for restoring knee extension if performed no more than 8 months after paralysis onset.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

背景:急性弛缓性脊髓炎(AFM)是一种罕见的致残性脊髓灰质炎样疾病,以突然出现四肢弛缓性麻痹为特征。本研究旨在报告弛缓性脊髓炎患者膝关节伸展的中期临床过程,以及对侧闭孔神经-股神经转移(CONFNT)对恢复弛缓性脊髓炎患者膝关节伸展的效果:本诊所共收治了26名下肢麻痹患者,他们都是因下肢麻痹导致的下肢麻痹,可能需要进行手术重建。他们的中位年龄为 4.0 岁,首次瘫痪评估平均在瘫痪发生后 6 个月进行。瘫痪程度从下肢单瘫到四肢瘫痪不等。采用英国医学研究委员会(MRC)的分级表和表面肌电图(EMG)对膝关节伸展的临床过程进行了评估。五名单侧伸膝瘫痪患者接受了 CONFNT:结果:13 名患者的 19 条伸膝完全瘫痪肢体(MRC 分级 M0)的平均随访时间为 43 个月,并对其自发康复情况进行了评估。膝关节伸展完全麻痹时间超过 6 个月且髋关节内收肌麻痹的患者中,没有人的膝关节伸展能力改善到 M2 以上。在最初的 26 位患者中,有 5 位接受了 CONFNT 治疗,平均随访时间为 61 个月。5名患者中有2人在瘫痪开始后≤8个月接受了CONFNT治疗,并获得了M4级膝关节伸展能力。在瘫痪发生约12个月后接受CONFNT治疗的3名患者中,只有1人获得了M3膝关节伸展;另外2人仅获得了M1或M2膝关节伸展:结论:下肢瘫痪症患者的下肢瘫痪情况与脊髓灰质炎患者相似。然而,如果髋关节内收肌麻痹患者在瘫痪后 6 个月内出现恢复迹象,则有可能自发恢复伸膝功能。CONFNT可促进膝关节伸展的恢复,如果在瘫痪发生后8个月内进行CONFNT,似乎是恢复膝关节伸展的可靠重建方法:证据等级:治疗IV级。有关证据等级的完整描述,请参阅 "作者须知"。
{"title":"Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Mid-Term Clinical Course of Knee Extension Paralysis and Outcomes of Nerve Transfer.","authors":"Kazuteru Doi, Yasunori Hattori, Akio Maruyama, Abdelhakim Ezzat Marei, Sotetsu Sakamoto, Jun Sasaki, Kota Hayashi, Makimi Fujita","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01268","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare debilitating poliomyelitis-like illness characterized by the sudden onset of flaccid palsy in the extremities. The purpose of this study was to report the mid-term clinical course of knee extension in AFM and the effect of contralateral obturator nerve-to-femoral nerve transfer (CONFNT) for restoration of knee extension in AFM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six patients with lower extremity palsy due to AFM were referred to our clinic for possible surgical reconstruction. Their median age was 4.0 years, and the first evaluation of the palsy was done at a mean of 6 months after paralysis onset. The paralysis ranged from lower limb monoplegia to quadriplegia. The clinical course of knee extension was assessed using the British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading scale and surface electromyography (EMG). Five patients with unilateral paralysis of knee extension underwent CONFNT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean follow-up period for 19 limbs with complete paralysis of knee extension (MRC grade M0) in 13 patients who were evaluated for spontaneous recovery was 43 months. No patient who had complete paralysis of knee extension at >6 months and paralysis of the hip adductor muscle had improvement of knee extension to better than M2. Five of the original 26 patients were treated with CONFNT and followed for a mean of 61 months. Two of 5 patients had the CONFNT ≤8 months after paralysis onset and obtained M4 knee extension. Only 1 of the 3 patients with CONFNT performed approximately 12 months after paralysis onset obtained M3 knee extension; the other 2 obtained only M1 or M2 knee extension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The paralysis of the lower extremity in our patients with AFM was similar to that in poliomyelitis. However, in AFM, spontaneous recovery of knee extension was possible if there were signs of recovery from hip adductor paralysis up to 6 months after paralysis onset. CONFNT may enhance the recovery of knee extension and seems to be a reliable reconstruction for restoring knee extension if performed no more than 8 months after paralysis onset.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1876-1887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Dose TXA Is Associated with Less Blood Loss Than Low-Dose TXA without Increased Complications in Patients with Complex Adult Spinal Deformity. 在复杂成人脊柱畸形患者中,大剂量 TXA 比小剂量 TXA 失血更少,且并发症不会增加。
IF 4.4 1区 医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.23.01323
Andrew H Kim, Kevin C Mo, Andrew B Harris, Renaud Lafage, Brian J Neuman, Richard A Hostin, Alexandra Soroceanu, Han Jo Kim, Eric O Klineberg, Jeffrey L Gum, Munish C Gupta, D Kojo Hamilton, Frank Schwab, Doug Burton, Alan Daniels, Peter G Passias, Robert A Hart, Breton G Line, Christopher Ames, Virginie Lafage, Christopher I Shaffrey, Justin S Smith, Shay Bess, Lawrence Lenke, Khaled M Kebaish

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly utilized to reduce blood loss in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Despite its widespread use, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The aim of this study was to assess differences in blood loss and complications between high, medium, and low-dose TXA regimens among patients undergoing surgery for complex ASD.

Methods: A multicenter database was retrospectively analyzed to identify 265 patients with complex ASD. Patients were separated into 3 groups by TXA regimen: (1) low dose (<20-mg/kg loading dose with ≤2-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), (2) medium dose (20 to 50-mg/kg loading dose with 2 to 5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), and (3) high dose (>50-mg/kg loading dose with ≥5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose). The measured outcomes included blood loss, complications, and red blood cell (RBC) units transfused intraoperatively and perioperatively. The multivariable analysis controlled for TXA dosing regimen, levels fused, operating room time, preoperative hemoglobin, 3-column osteotomy, and posterior interbody fusion.

Results: The cohort was predominantly White (91.3%) and female (69.1%) and had a mean age of 61.6 years. Of the 265 patients, 54 (20.4%) received low-dose, 131 (49.4%) received medium-dose, and 80 (30.2%) received high-dose TXA. The median blood loss was 1,200 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 750 to 2,000). The median RBC units transfused intraoperatively was 1.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 2.0), and the median RBC units transfused perioperatively was 2.0 (IQR, 1.0 to 4.0). Compared with the high-dose group, the low-dose group had increased blood loss (by 513.0 mL; p = 0.022) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.6 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.3 units; p = 0.024). The medium-dose group had increased blood loss (by 491.8 mL; p = 0.006) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.7 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.5 units; p < 0.001) compared with the high-dose group.

Conclusions: Patients with ASD who received high-dose intraoperative TXA had fewer RBC transfusions intraoperatively, fewer RBC transfusions perioperatively, and less blood loss than those who received low or medium-dose TXA, with no differences in the rates of seizure or thromboembolic complications.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

背景:氨甲环酸(TXA)通常用于减少成人脊柱畸形(ASD)手术中的失血量。尽管氨甲环酸被广泛使用,但人们对其最佳剂量方案缺乏共识。本研究旨在评估高、中、低剂量 TXA 方案在复杂 ASD 手术患者失血量和并发症方面的差异:对一个多中心数据库进行了回顾性分析,确定了 265 名复杂性 ASD 患者。按TXA方案将患者分为3组:(1)低剂量(50毫克/千克负荷剂量,≥5毫克/千克/小时维持剂量)。测量结果包括失血量、并发症、术中和围手术期输注的红细胞(RBC)单位。多变量分析控制了TXA剂量方案、融合水平、手术室时间、术前血红蛋白、3柱截骨和后椎间融合术:患者主要为白人(91.3%)和女性(69.1%),平均年龄为 61.6 岁。在265名患者中,54人(20.4%)接受了低剂量TXA,131人(49.4%)接受了中剂量TXA,80人(30.2%)接受了高剂量TXA。失血量中位数为 1,200 毫升(四分位数间距 [IQR],750 至 2,000)。术中输注的红细胞单位中位数为 1.0(IQR,0.0 至 2.0),围手术期输注的红细胞单位中位数为 2.0(IQR,1.0 至 4.0)。与高剂量组相比,低剂量组失血量增加(513.0 毫升;P = 0.022),术中输注的红细胞单位增加(0.6 个单位;P < 0.001),围手术期输注的红细胞单位增加(0.3 个单位;P = 0.024)。与高剂量组相比,中剂量组失血量增加(491.8 mL;p = 0.006),术中输注的红细胞单位增加(0.7个单位;p < 0.001),围手术期输注的红细胞单位增加(0.5个单位;p < 0.001):结论:与接受低剂量或中剂量TXA的患者相比,术中接受高剂量TXA的ASD患者术中输注的红细胞数量更少,围手术期输注的红细胞数量更少,失血量更少,但癫痫发作率或血栓栓塞并发症发生率没有差异:证据级别:治疗 III 级。有关证据级别的完整描述,请参阅 "作者须知"。
{"title":"High-Dose TXA Is Associated with Less Blood Loss Than Low-Dose TXA without Increased Complications in Patients with Complex Adult Spinal Deformity.","authors":"Andrew H Kim, Kevin C Mo, Andrew B Harris, Renaud Lafage, Brian J Neuman, Richard A Hostin, Alexandra Soroceanu, Han Jo Kim, Eric O Klineberg, Jeffrey L Gum, Munish C Gupta, D Kojo Hamilton, Frank Schwab, Doug Burton, Alan Daniels, Peter G Passias, Robert A Hart, Breton G Line, Christopher Ames, Virginie Lafage, Christopher I Shaffrey, Justin S Smith, Shay Bess, Lawrence Lenke, Khaled M Kebaish","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.23.01323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly utilized to reduce blood loss in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Despite its widespread use, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The aim of this study was to assess differences in blood loss and complications between high, medium, and low-dose TXA regimens among patients undergoing surgery for complex ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter database was retrospectively analyzed to identify 265 patients with complex ASD. Patients were separated into 3 groups by TXA regimen: (1) low dose (<20-mg/kg loading dose with ≤2-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), (2) medium dose (20 to 50-mg/kg loading dose with 2 to 5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), and (3) high dose (>50-mg/kg loading dose with ≥5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose). The measured outcomes included blood loss, complications, and red blood cell (RBC) units transfused intraoperatively and perioperatively. The multivariable analysis controlled for TXA dosing regimen, levels fused, operating room time, preoperative hemoglobin, 3-column osteotomy, and posterior interbody fusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was predominantly White (91.3%) and female (69.1%) and had a mean age of 61.6 years. Of the 265 patients, 54 (20.4%) received low-dose, 131 (49.4%) received medium-dose, and 80 (30.2%) received high-dose TXA. The median blood loss was 1,200 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 750 to 2,000). The median RBC units transfused intraoperatively was 1.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 2.0), and the median RBC units transfused perioperatively was 2.0 (IQR, 1.0 to 4.0). Compared with the high-dose group, the low-dose group had increased blood loss (by 513.0 mL; p = 0.022) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.6 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.3 units; p = 0.024). The medium-dose group had increased blood loss (by 491.8 mL; p = 0.006) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.7 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.5 units; p < 0.001) compared with the high-dose group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with ASD who received high-dose intraoperative TXA had fewer RBC transfusions intraoperatively, fewer RBC transfusions perioperatively, and less blood loss than those who received low or medium-dose TXA, with no differences in the rates of seizure or thromboembolic complications.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume
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