Laurike in ’t Veld, C. Gundermann, Kees Ribbens, E. Stańczyk
{"title":"World War II and Holocaust Comics, Perpetrators, and Education","authors":"Laurike in ’t Veld, C. Gundermann, Kees Ribbens, E. Stańczyk","doi":"10.21039/jpr.4.2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/jpr.4.2.113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134331979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While western Europeans have for some time been facing up to questions of complicity and collaboration with Nazi Germany, debates over collaboration in Eastern Europe have been far slower to surface. In part this had to do with the relative inaccessibility of archives and the hegemony of Soviet narratives of heroic communist resistance during the Cold War period. But in part it relates to the continuing significance of the Nazi past even in the post-1989 period. As the editors of this volume, Peter Black, Bela Rasky, and Marianne Windsperger, point out, with the collapse of communist rule, former anti-communist resistance activists were often celebrated as national heroes, overlooking the fact that many had been antisemitic fascists during the Nazi period. Moreover, the topic raises sensitive questions about far larger numbers of people. As Paul Schapiro points out in his opening remarks, ‘bystanding’ in face of collective violence is not neutral’.1 Commenting that
{"title":"Complicity and Indifference in Eastern Europe under Nazi Rule","authors":"M. Fulbrook","doi":"10.21039/105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/105","url":null,"abstract":"While western Europeans have for some time been facing up to questions of complicity and collaboration with Nazi Germany, debates over collaboration in Eastern Europe have been far slower to surface. In part this had to do with the relative inaccessibility of archives and the hegemony of Soviet narratives of heroic communist resistance during the Cold War period. But in part it relates to the continuing significance of the Nazi past even in the post-1989 period. As the editors of this volume, Peter Black, Bela Rasky, and Marianne Windsperger, point out, with the collapse of communist rule, former anti-communist resistance activists were often celebrated as national heroes, overlooking the fact that many had been antisemitic fascists during the Nazi period. Moreover, the topic raises sensitive questions about far larger numbers of people. As Paul Schapiro points out in his opening remarks, ‘bystanding’ in face of collective violence is not neutral’.1 Commenting that","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114770491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Fact to Fiction.","authors":"J. Monsell","doi":"10.21039/98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/98","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113954649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘They were drinking, singing, and shooting’: Singing and the Holocaust in the USSR","authors":"A. Birch","doi":"10.21039/85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122665349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a reflection on Ruth Ben-Ghiat’s chapters two 'Miliary Coups' and nine, 'Resistance', from Strongmen. How They Rise, Why They Succeed, How They Fall, where the author discusses military coups and resistance. More specifically, how strongmen can both secure their hold on power and silence the opposition. Here I expand on that idea by throwing light on the relationship between authoritarianism and technology.
这篇文章是对Ruth ben - ghat的第二章“军事政变”和第九章“抵抗”的反思，来自强人。他们如何崛起，为什么成功，如何失败，作者讨论了军事政变和抵抗。更具体地说，铁腕人物如何既能保住权力，又能让反对派噤声。在这里，我将通过阐明威权主义与技术之间的关系来进一步阐述这一观点。
{"title":"Some Reflections on a Match made in Hell: Authoritarianism and Technology","authors":"Luisa Morettin","doi":"10.21039/99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/99","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a reflection on Ruth Ben-Ghiat’s chapters two 'Miliary Coups' and nine, 'Resistance', from Strongmen. How They Rise, Why They Succeed, How They Fall, where the author discusses military coups and resistance. More specifically, how strongmen can both secure their hold on power and silence the opposition. Here I expand on that idea by throwing light on the relationship between authoritarianism and technology.","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130061349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last decade of the twentieth century was bookmarked by two works that captured important parts of its Zeitgeist. In 1989, Francis Fukuyama celebrated the ‘unabashed victory of economic and political liberalism’, leading to nothing less than the ‘universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government’, or in short: ‘the end of history as such’.1 The opposite bookend was Michael Hardt’s and Antonio Negri’s analysis of globalisation and its discontents in Empire, in which the very same multitude that sustain the oppressive forces of globalisation are also capable of subverting it, creating new democratic forms ‘that will one day take us through and beyond Empire.’2 Notwithstanding their wildly different political and philosophical outlooks, what these analyses had in common was a sense of optimism, cultivated in the Global North emerged victorious from the Cold War, that things were going to get better, that the worse was over. Globalised capitalism and dominant political liberalism in the North, exemplified in the Anglosphere by Clintonomics and New Labour’s Third Way, held sway during a decade marked by the ostensibly limitless possibilities for economic and democratic development offered by the rise of the Internet. In this context, even remembering past genocides acquired an optimistic flavour, with the consolidation of the Holocaust at the centre of memory culture in the Global North becoming a sign of cosmopolitan memory, stretching across national borders and uniting Europe and other parts of the world.3 Seen from the vantage point of the present, it is fair to say that those predictions have not aged particularly well, and that we are in a very different phase marked by the decline of the Anglo-American liberal order, the return of ethnonationalism, and the substantial weakening of democracy around the world. The rise of populist leaders promoting authoritarian agendas and their corrosive impact on the rule of law, the
{"title":"Roundtable on Populism and Perpetrator Studies: Introduction","authors":"Emiliano Perra","doi":"10.21039/109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/109","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade of the twentieth century was bookmarked by two works that captured important parts of its Zeitgeist. In 1989, Francis Fukuyama celebrated the ‘unabashed victory of economic and political liberalism’, leading to nothing less than the ‘universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government’, or in short: ‘the end of history as such’.1 The opposite bookend was Michael Hardt’s and Antonio Negri’s analysis of globalisation and its discontents in Empire, in which the very same multitude that sustain the oppressive forces of globalisation are also capable of subverting it, creating new democratic forms ‘that will one day take us through and beyond Empire.’2 Notwithstanding their wildly different political and philosophical outlooks, what these analyses had in common was a sense of optimism, cultivated in the Global North emerged victorious from the Cold War, that things were going to get better, that the worse was over. Globalised capitalism and dominant political liberalism in the North, exemplified in the Anglosphere by Clintonomics and New Labour’s Third Way, held sway during a decade marked by the ostensibly limitless possibilities for economic and democratic development offered by the rise of the Internet. In this context, even remembering past genocides acquired an optimistic flavour, with the consolidation of the Holocaust at the centre of memory culture in the Global North becoming a sign of cosmopolitan memory, stretching across national borders and uniting Europe and other parts of the world.3 Seen from the vantage point of the present, it is fair to say that those predictions have not aged particularly well, and that we are in a very different phase marked by the decline of the Anglo-American liberal order, the return of ethnonationalism, and the substantial weakening of democracy around the world. The rise of populist leaders promoting authoritarian agendas and their corrosive impact on the rule of law, the","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134483842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Looking Medusa in the Eye","authors":"Helena Duffy","doi":"10.21039/84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/84","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114938289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After World War II, Allied nations tried thousands of ‘lesser’ war criminals throughout Europe and the Pacific after the well-known trials of high-ranking officials in Nuremberg and Tokyo. The victims largely included civilians of occupied nations and POWs. However, with the conclusion of these trials in both Europe and the Pacific by 1949, the crimes committed, the perpetrators, and the victims withdrew from public discourse relatively quickly. Many unresolved questions remain surrounding the extent of Axis violence committed against Allied POWs, especially flyers. Despite significant studies focusing on the experiences of POWs during captivity, few have offered a comparison of the method of Axis mistreatment committed against airmen and the relationship between centralized authority and civilian action in both the European and Pacific theaters of war. By focusing on the largely overlooked phase between being shot down and being sent to a POW camp, this study seeks to comprehend not only what airmen experienced when they encountered Axis civilians and soldiers, but also the process and motivations of perpetrators’ actions. Further, comparing the postwar ‘flyer trials’ offers an opportunity to fill the gaps related to this topic due to the scarcity of remaining documents and has the potential to assist in answering unresolved questions regarding the circumstances surrounding the death of missing US servicemen.
{"title":"Downed American Flyers: Forgotten Casualties of Axis Atrocities in World War II","authors":"K. Hall","doi":"10.21039/92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/92","url":null,"abstract":"After World War II, Allied nations tried thousands of ‘lesser’ war criminals throughout Europe and the Pacific after the well-known trials of high-ranking officials in Nuremberg and Tokyo. The victims largely included civilians of occupied nations and POWs. However, with the conclusion of these trials in both Europe and the Pacific by 1949, the crimes committed, the perpetrators, and the victims withdrew from public discourse relatively quickly. Many unresolved questions remain surrounding the extent of Axis violence committed against Allied POWs, especially flyers. Despite significant studies focusing on the experiences of POWs during captivity, few have offered a comparison of the method of Axis mistreatment committed against airmen and the relationship between centralized authority and civilian action in both the European and Pacific theaters of war. By focusing on the largely overlooked phase between being shot down and being sent to a POW camp, this study seeks to comprehend not only what airmen experienced when they encountered Axis civilians and soldiers, but also the process and motivations of perpetrators’ actions. Further, comparing the postwar ‘flyer trials’ offers an opportunity to fill the gaps related to this topic due to the scarcity of remaining documents and has the potential to assist in answering unresolved questions regarding the circumstances surrounding the death of missing US servicemen.","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125436677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Strongmen. An Interview with Ruth Ben-Ghiat","authors":"S. Knittel","doi":"10.21039/100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21039/100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":152877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Perpetrator Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122695275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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