Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200112000-00005
B. Jeffers
Recent scientific and technologic advances generated from the human genome project have increased the ability of researchers to study human biological materials. This has enhanced the ease with which highly personal information such as genetic makeup can be revealed about individuals, families, and communities. In addition, a change in the societal value of human biological tissue from waste to commercial resource has occurred. A new model of stewardship is developed that can be used as a guide for protecting human research participants who are involved in studies that include collecting and handling human biological samples. Nursing implications to ensure protection of human research participants are discussed.
{"title":"Human biological materials in research: ethical issues and the role of stewardship in minimizing research risks.","authors":"B. Jeffers","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200112000-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200112000-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scientific and technologic advances generated from the human genome project have increased the ability of researchers to study human biological materials. This has enhanced the ease with which highly personal information such as genetic makeup can be revealed about individuals, families, and communities. In addition, a change in the societal value of human biological tissue from waste to commercial resource has occurred. A new model of stewardship is developed that can be used as a guide for protecting human research participants who are involved in studies that include collecting and handling human biological samples. Nursing implications to ensure protection of human research participants are discussed.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200109000-00007
J. Morse
This article revises and summarizes the major findings from a research program exploring the behavioral-experiential nature of suffering. Suffering is perceived as comprising two major behavioral states: enduring (in which emotions are suppressed; it is manifested as an emotionless state) and emotional suffering (an overt state of distress in which emotions are released). Individuals who are suffering move back and forth between these two states according to their own needs, their recognition/acknowledgment/acceptance of events, the context, and the needs and responses of others. Implications for the provision of comfort during suffering states are presented.
{"title":"Toward a praxis theory of suffering.","authors":"J. Morse","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200109000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200109000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"This article revises and summarizes the major findings from a research program exploring the behavioral-experiential nature of suffering. Suffering is perceived as comprising two major behavioral states: enduring (in which emotions are suppressed; it is manifested as an emotionless state) and emotional suffering (an overt state of distress in which emotions are released). Individuals who are suffering move back and forth between these two states according to their own needs, their recognition/acknowledgment/acceptance of events, the context, and the needs and responses of others. Implications for the provision of comfort during suffering states are presented.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123506425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200109000-00006
D. Olsen
The article describes a cognitive structural theory of how nurses conceive or understand the personhood of patients. The theory postulates three levels that have the properties of cognitive structures. The third and highest level is held to be a meta-ethical theory of the moral structure of care. For nurses operating with level-III understanding, critiques of justice and care-based ethics are further held to be synthesized within.
{"title":"Empathetic maturity: theory of moral point of view in clinical relations.","authors":"D. Olsen","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200109000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200109000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a cognitive structural theory of how nurses conceive or understand the personhood of patients. The theory postulates three levels that have the properties of cognitive structures. The third and highest level is held to be a meta-ethical theory of the moral structure of care. For nurses operating with level-III understanding, critiques of justice and care-based ethics are further held to be synthesized within.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130892662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200109000-00005
Barbara Bennett Jacobs
Nightingale suggested that there should be no distinction between "men of thought" and "men of action" and that an "Ideal" or philosophy should not be isolated but incorporated into everyday activities. This construct is analogous to the belief that nursing theory and nursing practice should be incorporated, and both should reflect a common central phenomenon. The pursuit of nursing knowledge by women of "thought" is not viewed as a central phenomenon but is an outcome of scholarly inquiry. Outcomes pursued by practicing nurses, women of "action," depend on their particular role and scope of practice. A number of outcomes are possible ranging from prevention, public health and policy, alleviation of pain and suffering, and individual health promotion and healing to palliative care. These outcomes are not viewed as the source of unity to guide nursing since they may vary, especially with developments in science, technology, and philosophy. A more unifying central phenomenon could be viewed as the respect for, or the restoration of, human dignity, our being in community, our being in the world, and our sea of a moral imperative. Consilience, a way to unify the knowledge that is needed to support this phenomenon, is suggested as an example of an approach to a philosophy of nursing that embraces multiple forms and sources of knowledge in all-encompassing morality that ultimately ennobles the lives of all human beings in covenantal relationships with nurses both in theory and in practice.
{"title":"Respect for human dignity: a central phenomenon to philosophically unite nursing theory and practice through consilience of knowledge.","authors":"Barbara Bennett Jacobs","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200109000-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200109000-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Nightingale suggested that there should be no distinction between \"men of thought\" and \"men of action\" and that an \"Ideal\" or philosophy should not be isolated but incorporated into everyday activities. This construct is analogous to the belief that nursing theory and nursing practice should be incorporated, and both should reflect a common central phenomenon. The pursuit of nursing knowledge by women of \"thought\" is not viewed as a central phenomenon but is an outcome of scholarly inquiry. Outcomes pursued by practicing nurses, women of \"action,\" depend on their particular role and scope of practice. A number of outcomes are possible ranging from prevention, public health and policy, alleviation of pain and suffering, and individual health promotion and healing to palliative care. These outcomes are not viewed as the source of unity to guide nursing since they may vary, especially with developments in science, technology, and philosophy. A more unifying central phenomenon could be viewed as the respect for, or the restoration of, human dignity, our being in community, our being in the world, and our sea of a moral imperative. Consilience, a way to unify the knowledge that is needed to support this phenomenon, is suggested as an example of an approach to a philosophy of nursing that embraces multiple forms and sources of knowledge in all-encompassing morality that ultimately ennobles the lives of all human beings in covenantal relationships with nurses both in theory and in practice.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121843509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200106000-00003
N. Drew
In his philosophy, Husserl gave us the epistemologic concept of intentionality. In phenomenologic research, intentionality can be understood in a practical way as our connections to the phenomena that we are studying. When phenomenologic data are the transcripts of interviews, our connections can be seen during data analysis as we identify passages in transcripts that stand out as personally meaningful. Tracing back through our past experiences to the origins of that meaningfulness provides us with a picture of the preunderstanding, assumptions, and beliefs that contribute to our unique perception of the phenomena that we are studying. Concrete guidelines are given for initiating the process of discovering one's constitutive part in phenomenologic studies.
{"title":"Meaningfulness as an epistemologic concept for explicating the researcher's constitutive part in phenomenologic research.","authors":"N. Drew","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200106000-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200106000-00003","url":null,"abstract":"In his philosophy, Husserl gave us the epistemologic concept of intentionality. In phenomenologic research, intentionality can be understood in a practical way as our connections to the phenomena that we are studying. When phenomenologic data are the transcripts of interviews, our connections can be seen during data analysis as we identify passages in transcripts that stand out as personally meaningful. Tracing back through our past experiences to the origins of that meaningfulness provides us with a picture of the preunderstanding, assumptions, and beliefs that contribute to our unique perception of the phenomena that we are studying. Concrete guidelines are given for initiating the process of discovering one's constitutive part in phenomenologic studies.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126364290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200106000-00002
J. Poss
This article discusses the development of a new model representing the synthesis of two models that are often used to study health behaviors: the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The new model was developed as the theoretic framework for an investigation of the factors affecting participation by Mexican migrant workers in tuberculosis screening. Development of the synthesized model evolved from the concern that models used to investigate health-seeking behaviors of mainstream Anglo groups in the United States might not be appropriate for studying migrant workers or persons from other cultural backgrounds.
{"title":"Developing a new model for cross-cultural research: synthesizing the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action.","authors":"J. Poss","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200106000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200106000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the development of a new model representing the synthesis of two models that are often used to study health behaviors: the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The new model was developed as the theoretic framework for an investigation of the factors affecting participation by Mexican migrant workers in tuberculosis screening. Development of the synthesized model evolved from the concern that models used to investigate health-seeking behaviors of mainstream Anglo groups in the United States might not be appropriate for studying migrant workers or persons from other cultural backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"684 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122977342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200106000-00006
E. Im, W. Chee
With the increasing use of the Internet, the importance of incorporating this new technology in nursing research increases. Yet nursing has been slow in adopting this new technology as a research method, and the use of the Internet in nursing research rarely has been discussed and critiqued. In this article, use of the Internet in nursing research is analyzed and critiqued from a feminist perspective. The analysis indicates that use of the Internet in research frequently brings about selection biases because of a limited pool of potential participants, it usually does not provide contextual data on research encounters, it might not uncover women's subjective experiences under marginalized situations, and it tends to raise power issues related to the relationships between researchers and participants. Despite the limitations, use of the Internet in research provides better communication channels for research participants, more flexibility in time and place of data collection, and less expense for data collection. Based on the critique, feminist challenges for future use of the Internet in nursing research are proposed.
{"title":"A feminist critique on the use of the Internet in nursing research.","authors":"E. Im, W. Chee","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200106000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200106000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing use of the Internet, the importance of incorporating this new technology in nursing research increases. Yet nursing has been slow in adopting this new technology as a research method, and the use of the Internet in nursing research rarely has been discussed and critiqued. In this article, use of the Internet in nursing research is analyzed and critiqued from a feminist perspective. The analysis indicates that use of the Internet in research frequently brings about selection biases because of a limited pool of potential participants, it usually does not provide contextual data on research encounters, it might not uncover women's subjective experiences under marginalized situations, and it tends to raise power issues related to the relationships between researchers and participants. Despite the limitations, use of the Internet in research provides better communication channels for research participants, more flexibility in time and place of data collection, and less expense for data collection. Based on the critique, feminist challenges for future use of the Internet in nursing research are proposed.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200106000-00005
D. Phillips
Bridging the gap between the individual and social context, methodology that aims to surface and explore the regulatory function of discourse on subjectivity production moves nursing research beyond the individual level in order to theorize social context and its influence on health and well-being. This article describes the feminist, poststructural, psychoanalytic discourse analysis and multiple methods used in a recent study exploring links between cultural discourses of masculinity, performativity of masculinity, and practices of male violence.
{"title":"Methodology for social accountability: multiple methods and feminist, poststructural, psychoanalytic discourse analysis.","authors":"D. Phillips","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200106000-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200106000-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Bridging the gap between the individual and social context, methodology that aims to surface and explore the regulatory function of discourse on subjectivity production moves nursing research beyond the individual level in order to theorize social context and its influence on health and well-being. This article describes the feminist, poststructural, psychoanalytic discourse analysis and multiple methods used in a recent study exploring links between cultural discourses of masculinity, performativity of masculinity, and practices of male violence.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128251390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200103000-00006
N. Diekelmann
Research-based innovation in nursing education is needed to address complexities in both educational and clinical environments. This 12-year study describes Narrative Pedagogy that arises out of the common lived experiences of students, teachers, and clinicians in nursing education. Narrative Pedagogy as sharing and interpreting contemporary narratives is a call for students, teachers, and clinicians to gather and attend to community practices in ways that hold everything open and problematic. It utilizes conventional, phenomenologic, critical, and feminist pedagogies, along with postmodern discourses to revision nursing education. Narrative Pedagogy emanates out of interpretive phenomenology. The Concernful Practices of Schooling Learning Teaching are common experiences that belong together and co-occur and provide a new language for students and teachers. They will be explicated in the context of three narratives. Narrative Pedagogy is described as a research-based, innovative alternative for reforming nursing education.
{"title":"Narrative Pedagogy: Heideggerian hermeneutical analyses of lived experiences of students, teachers, and clinicians.","authors":"N. Diekelmann","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200103000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200103000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Research-based innovation in nursing education is needed to address complexities in both educational and clinical environments. This 12-year study describes Narrative Pedagogy that arises out of the common lived experiences of students, teachers, and clinicians in nursing education. Narrative Pedagogy as sharing and interpreting contemporary narratives is a call for students, teachers, and clinicians to gather and attend to community practices in ways that hold everything open and problematic. It utilizes conventional, phenomenologic, critical, and feminist pedagogies, along with postmodern discourses to revision nursing education. Narrative Pedagogy emanates out of interpretive phenomenology. The Concernful Practices of Schooling Learning Teaching are common experiences that belong together and co-occur and provide a new language for students and teachers. They will be explicated in the context of three narratives. Narrative Pedagogy is described as a research-based, innovative alternative for reforming nursing education.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115096312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200103000-00007
P. Ironside
The National League for Nursing Priorities for Nursing Education Research calls educators (1) to increase their pedagogic literacy to meet the challenges of the changing social, health care, and educational worlds and (2) to develop research-based pedagogies for nursing. This interpretive review of conventional, critical, feminist, postmodern, and phenomenologic pedagogies facilitates the pedagogic literacy of faculty members and provides a background for research-based nursing education. An example of a research-based pedagogy, Narrative Pedagogy, which developed through interpretive (hermeneutic) studies of the lived experiences of students, teachers, and clinicians in nursing education, is explicated.
{"title":"Creating a research base for nursing education: an interpretive review of conventional, critical, feminist, postmodern, and phenomenologic pedagogies.","authors":"P. Ironside","doi":"10.1097/00012272-200103000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200103000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"The National League for Nursing Priorities for Nursing Education Research calls educators (1) to increase their pedagogic literacy to meet the challenges of the changing social, health care, and educational worlds and (2) to develop research-based pedagogies for nursing. This interpretive review of conventional, critical, feminist, postmodern, and phenomenologic pedagogies facilitates the pedagogic literacy of faculty members and provides a background for research-based nursing education. An example of a research-based pedagogy, Narrative Pedagogy, which developed through interpretive (hermeneutic) studies of the lived experiences of students, teachers, and clinicians in nursing education, is explicated.","PeriodicalId":153066,"journal":{"name":"ANS. Advances in nursing science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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