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2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference最新文献

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The Evolution of Clustered Firm's Collaborative Relationships and its Causes under Global Context 全球化背景下集群企业协作关系的演化及其成因
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279809
A. Wu, J. Li
Based on the data from 5 industrial clusters in Zhejiang province, this paper found some profound change with clustered firms' collaborative relationships under global context, such as the intensification of local production collaboration, the improvement of local collaborative modes, the prolongation of local collaborative relationships, and the diversification of global collaborative relationships. Low cost and flexibility are the two main reasons for clustered firms to organize local collaborative relationships, and market exploitation and technology learning are the important reasons for global collaboration. These changes demand clustered firms to attach importance to local network and global network, and take the advantage of their resource through dynamic cooperation.
基于浙江省5个产业集群的数据,本文发现全球背景下集群企业协同关系发生了一些深刻的变化,如地方生产协同的强化、地方协同模式的改进、地方协同关系的延长以及全球协同关系的多样化。低成本和灵活性是集群企业组织本地协作关系的两个主要原因,市场开发和技术学习是集群企业组织全球协作的重要原因。这些变化要求集群企业重视本地网络和全球网络,通过动态合作发挥资源优势。
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引用次数: 0
How a Power Utility in Brazil is providing electricity to 380.000 poor customers with minimum environmental impact 巴西的一家电力公司如何在对环境影响最小的情况下为38万贫困用户供电
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279811
Sofia Ferreira
Bahia State is one of the least electrified in Brazil. The great challenge is to provide electricity to 380.000 rural customers not yet served, with a minimum environmental impact. This paper will show how the company achieved this goal through the implementation of Cleaner Production. After identifying all the environmental impacts due to the project and construction of electric distribution circuits and all the legal requirements of the federal, state and local environmental legislation, the appropriate solutions were implemented: 1) environmental training of employees and contractors directly or indirectly related to the program, as well as to some special communities such as indigenous, African descendants, island inhabitants; 2) choice of the best path, avoiding native vegetation, rivers and special areas under protection; 3) reduction of the right-of-way width from 15 m to 4 m whenever possible, together with the use of selective cut of trees alongside the circuit path; 4) use of insulated cables in secondary circuits (220 V), among others. After three years of implementation the program have important results to show: less than 10% of the new projects (over 1.000 new projects in the 2002-2005 period) need an environmental license. The remaining 90% are constructed without cutting native vegetation generating minimum environmental impact.
巴伊亚州是巴西电气化程度最低的州之一。最大的挑战是为38万尚未得到服务的农村用户提供电力,同时将对环境的影响降到最低。本文将展示该公司如何通过实施清洁生产来实现这一目标。在确定了配电线路项目和建设的所有环境影响以及联邦、州和地方环境立法的所有法律要求之后,实施了适当的解决方案:1)对与该计划直接或间接相关的雇员和承包商以及一些特殊社区(如土著、非洲后裔、岛屿居民)进行环境培训;2)选择最佳路径,避开原生植被、河流和特殊保护区域;3)尽可能将路权宽度由15米减至4米,并在赛道旁选择性砍伐树木;4)在二次回路中使用绝缘电缆(220v)等。经过三年的实施,该计划取得了重要的成果:不到10%的新项目(2002-2005年期间超过1000个新项目)需要环境许可证。其余90%的建筑不砍伐原生植被,对环境的影响最小。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Government Subsidies on Private R&D Expenditure: --Evidence from Zhejiang Province of China 政府补贴对企业R&D支出的影响——来自浙江省的证据
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279899
Hua Cheng, Xianping Chen
China government has implemented some schemes of public funds in order to increase R&D intensity of private firms. This study analyzes the effects of public R&D schemes on the innovation activities of private firms in Zhejiang Province of China. The main question in this paper is whether government subsidies to Private R&D stimulate R&D activities or simply crowd out privately financed R&D. Empirically, we investigate the average causal effects of all government subsidies in Zhejiang Province of China using Propensity Score Matching. In order to account for possible selectivity bias, and to improve comparability of firms, two different versions of matching approach are employed. The Nearest neighbor estimator is preferred to the Kernel estimator. The results show that government R&D subsidies do not have a significant effect on R&D expenditures of private firms.
为了提高民营企业的研发强度,中国政府实施了一些公共资金计划。本文分析了浙江省公共研发计划对民营企业创新活动的影响。本文的主要问题是,政府对私人研发的补贴是刺激了研发活动,还是仅仅挤出了私人资助的研发。实证研究采用倾向得分匹配方法对浙江省政府补贴的平均因果效应进行了实证分析。为了解释可能的选择性偏差,并提高企业的可比性,采用了两种不同版本的匹配方法。最近邻估计器优于核估计器。研究结果表明,政府研发补贴对民营企业研发支出没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 3
High-Performance Individuals and Teams: A Study of the Effect of Duration on Achievable and Sustainable Maximum Performance Levels 高绩效个人和团队:持续时间对可达到和可持续的最高绩效水平的影响研究
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279901
C. R. Davis
High-performance teams are required for leading-type organizations because of the complexity and speed that work must be completed. This paper extends the fundamental groundwork-research of creating and achieving high-performance teams and individuals by introducing and investigating a new variable, duration, on the absolute values of high-performance achieved. Experimental results identify that Pmax decreases with duration for both teams and individuals and that teams are indeed more effective than individuals in performing tasks.
由于工作的复杂性和完成速度,领导型组织需要高绩效的团队。本文通过引入和研究一个新的变量——持续时间,扩展了创建和实现高绩效团队和个人的基础研究。实验结果表明,团队和个人的Pmax都随着持续时间的增加而降低,团队在执行任务时确实比个人更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Top Management Salary, Stock Ratio and Firm Performance: A Comparative Study of State-owned and Private Listed Companies in China 高管薪酬、股权比例与公司绩效:中国国有与民营上市公司的比较研究
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279812
Mangui Wu, S. Shu
Using data collected from 547 state-owned and 95 private companies listed on China's stock market, this study compares the two groups on the relationship of top management salary, its increase and the stock ratio they hold, on one side, and firm performance, on the other side. Results of univariate and regression analysis indicate that there is no significant difference between state-owned and private companies on top management salary and the stock ratio they hold. The increase of top management salary is not related to firm performance. The stock ratio top management hold is not related to the intensity of competition in the industry, and it has no impact on firm performance. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.
本研究利用547家中国上市国有企业和95家民营企业的数据,比较了两组企业高管薪酬、薪酬增幅和持股比例与企业绩效之间的关系。单变量分析和回归分析结果表明,国有企业和民营企业在高管薪酬和持股比例上没有显著差异。高管薪酬的增加与企业绩效无关。高管持股比例与行业竞争强度无关,对企业绩效无影响。并对研究的意义和未来的研究方向进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Organizational Learning Mode in the Life Cycle of ERP System: a Case Study of Westlake Electronics Group ERP系统生命周期中的组织学习模式研究——以西湖电子集团为例
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279827
Zengyuan Wu, Xiaobo Wu, G. Fang, Bei Wu
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is not only a software system, but also an advanced management idea. The goals of enterprises' implementing an ERP system are to make full use of enterprise's resource. Some enterprises benefit much from implementing ERP system. But some enterprises fail and even go bankrupt. Why are their results so different? This paper tries to explain it from organizational learning perspective. We argued that organizational learning competency is a determinant factor of implementing ERP system successfully. There are 4 stages in the life cycle of ERP, including introducing stage, implementing stage, crisis stage, and decline stage. We argue that there is a leading organizational learning mode in each stage of ERP's life cycle. With formal intra-organizational training and learning from others, an organization can accumulate knowledge and overcome knowledge barriers, which will help to implement ERP system successfully.
企业资源计划(ERP)不仅是一个软件系统,而且是一种先进的管理理念。企业实施ERP系统的目标是充分利用企业的资源。一些企业在实施ERP系统后获得了很大的收益。但是一些企业失败甚至破产。为什么他们的结果如此不同?本文试图从组织学习的角度对其进行解释。我们认为组织学习能力是ERP系统成功实施的决定性因素。ERP的生命周期分为引入阶段、实施阶段、危机阶段和衰退期四个阶段。我们认为在ERP生命周期的每个阶段都存在一个主导的组织学习模式。通过正式的组织内部培训和向他人学习,组织可以积累知识,克服知识障碍,这将有助于ERP系统的成功实施。
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引用次数: 3
A Combined Scale-and-Scope Theory of IT Industry Cluster Growth IT产业集群成长的规模与范围结合理论
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279805
Robert J. Kauffman, Ajay Kumar
Most information technology (IT) clusters are characterized by a heterogeneous mix of IT industries employing different technologies and producing a wide range of hardware, software and services. We study how collocation of one IT industry influences innovation and growth in another IT industry. We examine whether scale and scope effects can explain how collocation, the act of placing potential complementary assets together in geographic space, influences innovation and growth even though use of IT has been expected to lead to greater geographic dispersion of industry. Economies of scale effects (or MAR externalities) suggest collocation of many companies with similar activities. Economies of scope effects (Jacobs externalities) suggest that heterogeneous activities placed in proximity lead to the greatest levels of value creation. From this, we propose a combined scale-and-scope theory of IT industry cluster growth. Our perspective emphasizes the amplifying effects of scale-size on scope effects across industries. We study the growth patterns of four IT industries: computer and peripheral manufacturing, semiconductor and other electronic components manufacturing, software publishing and data processing and what effect collocation of one industry has on others. Our data covers firms in 170 counties of 17 states in the United States in a longitudinal study spanning 1998 to 2002. Using econometric analysis, we find that different IT industries are affected differently by collocation. The software industry does not experience significant collocation externalities. In contrast, the semiconductor industry experiences significant scale-size effects, as well as scope effects from the software industry, which enhance its scale-size effects. We also find that computer manufacturing experiences economies of scope effects from semiconductors, while data processing feels scope effects from the computer and software industries.
大多数信息技术(IT)集群的特点是采用不同技术并生产各种硬件、软件和服务的IT行业的异质混合。我们研究了一个IT产业的配置如何影响另一个IT产业的创新和成长。我们研究了规模效应和范围效应是否可以解释配置(将潜在的互补资产放在地理空间中的行为)如何影响创新和增长,尽管人们预计IT的使用会导致行业在地理上的更大分散。规模经济效应(或MAR外部性)建议将许多具有类似活动的公司进行搭配。范围经济效应(雅各布斯外部性)表明,放置在邻近的异质活动导致最高水平的价值创造。在此基础上,提出了IT产业集群成长的规模与范围相结合理论。我们的观点强调规模效应对行业范围效应的放大效应。我们研究了计算机及周边制造、半导体及其他电子元件制造、软件出版和数据处理四个IT行业的增长模式,以及一个行业的搭配对其他行业的影响。我们的数据涵盖了美国17个州170个县的公司,这是一项从1998年到2002年的纵向研究。通过计量分析,我们发现不同的IT行业受到搭配的影响是不同的。软件产业没有经历显著的搭配外部性。相比之下,半导体产业经历了显著的规模效应,而软件产业的范围效应则增强了其规模效应。我们还发现,计算机制造业经历了半导体的范围经济效应,而数据处理则感受到了计算机和软件行业的范围经济效应。
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引用次数: 13
Design and Implement of Warehouse Management System Based on AOP 基于AOP的仓库管理系统的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279857
Luo Cheng, Xu Didi, Lai Mingyong, Wang Yan
Warehouse management system (WMS) is the answer to reducing inventory cost and improving degree of customer satisfaction, which means a great deal to enterprises. With the competition of logistic industry becoming severe, the need of promoting performance of WMS increases rapidly. This paper discusses the design and implement of WMS based on aspect oriented programming (AOP), which simplifies its system structure, increases its agility, expansibility and maintainability by reengineering business logic, and thus adapts itself well to current warehouse management. We also describes how AOP was applied and how does it work in our system through an example of stocking in. Applying AOP to WMS benefits to solve some existing problems in current WMS, for example complex structure, poor maintenance and poor adaptation.
仓库管理系统(WMS)是降低库存成本、提高客户满意度的解决方案,对企业具有重要意义。随着物流业竞争的日益激烈,对物流管理系统绩效提升的需求也迅速增加。本文讨论了基于面向方面编程(AOP)的仓库管理系统的设计与实现,通过对业务逻辑的重构,简化了仓库管理系统的结构,提高了仓库管理系统的敏捷性、可扩展性和可维护性,很好地适应了当前仓库管理的需要。我们还通过一个进货的例子描述了AOP是如何应用的,以及它是如何在我们的系统中工作的。将AOP应用于WMS有利于解决当前WMS存在的结构复杂、维护难、适应性差等问题。
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引用次数: 4
The Influence of Irrational Market on Company Investment; --Based on the empirical work of real estate listed companies in China 非理性市场对企业投资的影响——基于中国房地产上市公司的实证研究
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279807
Shao Xi-juan, Yang Jian-mei, Chen Xiao-xia
We use the methods and indexes according to the paper published in 2003 written by Baker, Stein and Wurgler, which does empirical work for the American capital market. By studying the data from financial statements of 66 listed real estate companies, we can obtain: strong equity-dependent companies have a sensitivity of investment to stock price that is 3.33 times as large as weak equity-dependent companies; The company investment behaviors and stock price is positively correlated, moreover, the correlation is more pronounced than that of American market. The irrational capital market in China has an impact on company investment, especially on the equity-dependent companies. Furthermore, influence is more remarkable than that of American market. This paper also studies the relationship between cash flow and company investment behavior. As a result, the sensitivity of investment to cash flow almost keeps the same for the companies of different equity-dependence.
本文采用的方法和指标参照了Baker、Stein和Wurgler在2003年发表的对美国资本市场进行实证研究的论文。通过对66家房地产上市公司财务报表数据的研究,我们可以得到:强股权依赖型公司对股价的投资敏感性是弱股权依赖型公司的3.33倍;公司投资行为与股票价格呈正相关,且相关性比美国市场更为明显。中国资本市场的非理性对企业投资产生了影响,尤其是对股权依赖型企业。而且,中国市场的影响力比美国市场更显著。本文还研究了现金流量与公司投资行为之间的关系。因此,对于不同股权依赖度的公司,投资对现金流的敏感性几乎保持不变。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Impact of Innovation Factor on the Manufacturing Performance 创新因素对制造企业绩效的影响研究
Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279859
P. Li, Y.Z. Tian, Z.Y. Qi, Q. Jia
Innovation is becoming an important power for the development of the manufacturing companies. Researchers usually focus on the three factors of competitive priorities: quality (Q), cost (C), and time (T), which comprise the main competence of manufacturing strategy. However, in this paper, we suppose that innovation can be a parallel factor with quality (Q), cost (C) and time (T), we develop a TCQ&I model, which depicts how these four dimensions of competitive priorities affect the manufacturing performance. Based on the literature of manufacturing strategy competitive priorities, we propose that the competitive capacity model consists of time, cost, and quality, including innovation, is superior to the model without the innovation factor. This paper uses the information from the database of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS). Using data from the IMSS, this study uses the empirical methods of exploring and analyzing the relationship model of the four dimensions of manufacturing competence, i.e. quality (Q), cost (C), time (T) and innovation (I), and how they affect the manufacturing performance, focusing on the structural equation model analysis. The research methods of descriptive statistics, model fitting analysis, and multiple regression analysis are used. The statistical analysis tool applied is the LISREL software. The results prove the validity of the hypothesis. This study concludes that the competitive model, which includes innovation, is superior to the model without innovation in both developing countries and developed countries. The effect of innovation to the manufacturing performance is further validated.
创新正成为制造业企业发展的重要动力。研究人员通常关注质量(Q)、成本(C)和时间(T)这三个竞争优先因素,它们构成了制造战略的主要竞争力。然而,在本文中,我们假设创新可以与质量(Q)、成本(C)和时间(T)并行,我们建立了一个TCQ&I模型,该模型描述了竞争优先级的这四个维度如何影响制造绩效。基于制造业战略竞争优先度的相关文献,本文提出了由时间、成本和质量(包括创新)组成的竞争能力模型优于不考虑创新因素的模型。本文使用了国际制造业战略调查(IMSS)数据库中的信息。本研究利用IMSS的数据,采用实证方法探索和分析制造能力四个维度(质量(Q)、成本(C)、时间(T)和创新(I)的关系模型,以及它们对制造绩效的影响,重点采用结构方程模型分析。研究方法采用描述性统计、模型拟合分析和多元回归分析。采用的统计分析工具为LISREL软件。结果证明了假设的有效性。本文的研究结果表明,无论是在发展中国家还是发达国家,包含创新的竞争模式都优于不包含创新的竞争模式。进一步验证了创新对制造性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference
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