Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279877
Qin Hui, Wang Qing-xi
With increasing international competition and rapid technological change, it has been emphasized that innovation is critical for technology-intensive firms to gain sustainable competitive advantages. However, we have little knowledge about which types of innovation should be adopted to overcome bottlenecks occurred during the process of firm's growth. From the contingency perspective, this study investigated the nature of incremental innovation and radical innovation reflected in the technological innovation, managerial innovation, institutional innovation and marketing innovation in different stages of the growth of Lenovo, one of famous technology-intensive firms in the PRC. The experience of Lenovo's growth suggested that it's very important to select right innovation strategies throughout its life cycle stages. Based on the case study, we proposed a general model of the strategic decision of innovation for technology-intensive firms in the PRC, the largest emerging economy in the world. It suggested that at the start-up or decline phase, firms should adopt radical innovation for technology, management, institution and marketing. At the growth phase, firms should adopt radical innovation for institution, but incremental innovation for technology, management and marketing. At the maturity phase, firms should adopt incremental innovation for institution, management and marketing, but both incremental and radical innovation for technology.
{"title":"Radical Innovation or Incremental Innovation: Strategic Decision of Technology-intensive Firms in the PRC","authors":"Qin Hui, Wang Qing-xi","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279877","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing international competition and rapid technological change, it has been emphasized that innovation is critical for technology-intensive firms to gain sustainable competitive advantages. However, we have little knowledge about which types of innovation should be adopted to overcome bottlenecks occurred during the process of firm's growth. From the contingency perspective, this study investigated the nature of incremental innovation and radical innovation reflected in the technological innovation, managerial innovation, institutional innovation and marketing innovation in different stages of the growth of Lenovo, one of famous technology-intensive firms in the PRC. The experience of Lenovo's growth suggested that it's very important to select right innovation strategies throughout its life cycle stages. Based on the case study, we proposed a general model of the strategic decision of innovation for technology-intensive firms in the PRC, the largest emerging economy in the world. It suggested that at the start-up or decline phase, firms should adopt radical innovation for technology, management, institution and marketing. At the growth phase, firms should adopt radical innovation for institution, but incremental innovation for technology, management and marketing. At the maturity phase, firms should adopt incremental innovation for institution, management and marketing, but both incremental and radical innovation for technology.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115382210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279872
Jian Du, Xiaobo Wu
As one of the most important drives, FDI has been paid more and more attention for its effects on constructing the technological innovation capability and sustainable strategic competitiveness in the less developed countries. Innovation is the primary driving force of economic growth and globalization. Under the circumstance of economic and technological globalization, innovation process presents new features. How to gain, maintain, consolidate and develop competitive advantages is an exigent question that attracts the attention from both scholars and entrepreneurs. This paper tries to have a look into the characteristics of Chinese firms' secondary innovations in global competition. Some countermeasures for Chinese firms to survive and grow in global manufacturing are proposed. And implications on competitive strategies to gain late comer's advantage are discussed.
{"title":"FDI and Chinese Firms' Secondary Innovation","authors":"Jian Du, Xiaobo Wu","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279872","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most important drives, FDI has been paid more and more attention for its effects on constructing the technological innovation capability and sustainable strategic competitiveness in the less developed countries. Innovation is the primary driving force of economic growth and globalization. Under the circumstance of economic and technological globalization, innovation process presents new features. How to gain, maintain, consolidate and develop competitive advantages is an exigent question that attracts the attention from both scholars and entrepreneurs. This paper tries to have a look into the characteristics of Chinese firms' secondary innovations in global competition. Some countermeasures for Chinese firms to survive and grow in global manufacturing are proposed. And implications on competitive strategies to gain late comer's advantage are discussed.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128537850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279886
C. Raccani, F. Cheong
This study is part of a longer-term program in which we are working with an Australian Bank to improve its software development risk management practices. The sub-process under study is the project completion review process that is often used in companies as a means of formalizing and crystallizing the findings of a project at its conclusion. The research seeks to add to the very slim body of knowledge in this area and especially the reliability of the process and the tools used to support these processes. The research demonstrates that because of a weak operational definition of project success these processes and tools teeter precariously on what they are trying to measure. The validity and empirical value of the material flowing from these surveys is of therefore of questionable value. We offer some suggestions for how this process may be improved.
{"title":"A preliminary Factor Analysis of Project Completion Reports","authors":"C. Raccani, F. Cheong","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279886","url":null,"abstract":"This study is part of a longer-term program in which we are working with an Australian Bank to improve its software development risk management practices. The sub-process under study is the project completion review process that is often used in companies as a means of formalizing and crystallizing the findings of a project at its conclusion. The research seeks to add to the very slim body of knowledge in this area and especially the reliability of the process and the tools used to support these processes. The research demonstrates that because of a weak operational definition of project success these processes and tools teeter precariously on what they are trying to measure. The validity and empirical value of the material flowing from these surveys is of therefore of questionable value. We offer some suggestions for how this process may be improved.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132798493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279810
Timothy L. J. Ferris
This paper argues a case supporting the view that the practice of engineering is fundamentally culturally bound. The case is constructed through exploring the cultural boundedness of the practice of science, of technology, and then turning to the practice of engineering, including the technology produced through engineering, the engineering analysis used in the design of the technology and the enterprise processes of the organisation in which the engineering activity is performed. This theme is further explored in relation to the structure of the most recent systems engineering standard, ISO 15288 which is structured very differently than the earlier systems engineering standards in the manner in which it deals with the engineering process required to deliver a product system.
{"title":"Engineering Practice and National Cultural Context","authors":"Timothy L. J. Ferris","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279810","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues a case supporting the view that the practice of engineering is fundamentally culturally bound. The case is constructed through exploring the cultural boundedness of the practice of science, of technology, and then turning to the practice of engineering, including the technology produced through engineering, the engineering analysis used in the design of the technology and the enterprise processes of the organisation in which the engineering activity is performed. This theme is further explored in relation to the structure of the most recent systems engineering standard, ISO 15288 which is structured very differently than the earlier systems engineering standards in the manner in which it deals with the engineering process required to deliver a product system.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129339706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279828
A. Mohan, E. Lemenager, M. McCracken
Intra-group dynamics is a major factor influencing team performance. In fact, it has been cited as one of the major differences between performing and non-performing teams. Although lot of effort has been made to understand intra-group dynamics there is no fixed rule on how to improve it. We suggest that improvement of team dynamics is a context dependent subject and best results can only be achieved through team participation. This paper is a result of a study done at Schlumberger Oilfield Services to assess the intra-group dynamics of an R&D team. We first assess the intra-group dynamics level of the team through a questionnaire survey based on 7 pre-defined parameters. The survey was based on a Likert scale measurement and internal consistency of the survey was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha for it. We confirm the findings through team members' perception of the 7 parameters and try to find measures of improving intra-group dynamics within the team through personal interviews and brain storming. Our hypothesis is that the team will be more dedicated to these measures because of their participation in the process.
{"title":"Targeting Areas of Improvement in Intra-Group Dynamics using a Participative Approach - a Case Study","authors":"A. Mohan, E. Lemenager, M. McCracken","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279828","url":null,"abstract":"Intra-group dynamics is a major factor influencing team performance. In fact, it has been cited as one of the major differences between performing and non-performing teams. Although lot of effort has been made to understand intra-group dynamics there is no fixed rule on how to improve it. We suggest that improvement of team dynamics is a context dependent subject and best results can only be achieved through team participation. This paper is a result of a study done at Schlumberger Oilfield Services to assess the intra-group dynamics of an R&D team. We first assess the intra-group dynamics level of the team through a questionnaire survey based on 7 pre-defined parameters. The survey was based on a Likert scale measurement and internal consistency of the survey was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha for it. We confirm the findings through team members' perception of the 7 parameters and try to find measures of improving intra-group dynamics within the team through personal interviews and brain storming. Our hypothesis is that the team will be more dedicated to these measures because of their participation in the process.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132271080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279806
T. Haapaniemi, S. Makinen
Recently in academic research it has been explicitly acknowledged that the evolution of industries is not a smooth process but it contains dramatic turning points, and especially the takeoff point in evolution has attracted growing attention. The earlier research has identified that the takeoff point in evolutionary trajectory of adoption of innovations is of special interest in managerial decision-making since at this point the basis of competition change from technological functionality to more marketing related competencies as the dominant designs are adopted. However, existing studies do not evaluate the reliability of identification methods in comparison to alternative methods. The present study analyses three different ways to determine the takeoff point and their reliability in relation to each other. The results of the study show, among other things, that the experts' determinations produce notably better and more reliable results than other methods, like diffusion analysis.
{"title":"Determining Major Turning Points in Industry Evolution","authors":"T. Haapaniemi, S. Makinen","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279806","url":null,"abstract":"Recently in academic research it has been explicitly acknowledged that the evolution of industries is not a smooth process but it contains dramatic turning points, and especially the takeoff point in evolution has attracted growing attention. The earlier research has identified that the takeoff point in evolutionary trajectory of adoption of innovations is of special interest in managerial decision-making since at this point the basis of competition change from technological functionality to more marketing related competencies as the dominant designs are adopted. However, existing studies do not evaluate the reliability of identification methods in comparison to alternative methods. The present study analyses three different ways to determine the takeoff point and their reliability in relation to each other. The results of the study show, among other things, that the experts' determinations produce notably better and more reliable results than other methods, like diffusion analysis.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123647448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279896
Hua Cheng
Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of R&D subsidies to firms has produced mixed results so far. The main question is whether public funds stimulate R&D subsidies on firm R&D expenditure or simply crowd out privately financed R&D. Empirically, we investigate the average causal effects of R&D schemes in China. We find evidence suggesting that the R&D subsidies greatly stimulated company-financed R&D expenditures for small firms but had a negative effect on the R&D of large firms, although not statistically significant.
{"title":"Firm size and R&D subsidy incentives: evidence from China","authors":"Hua Cheng","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279896","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of R&D subsidies to firms has produced mixed results so far. The main question is whether public funds stimulate R&D subsidies on firm R&D expenditure or simply crowd out privately financed R&D. Empirically, we investigate the average causal effects of R&D schemes in China. We find evidence suggesting that the R&D subsidies greatly stimulated company-financed R&D expenditures for small firms but had a negative effect on the R&D of large firms, although not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124757744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279850
C. Vorakulpipat, Y. Rezgui
The objective of this empirical study is to review current knowledge management (KM) practices in Thailand, and in particular to explore the knowledge sharing maturity and capability of Thai organizations and their readiness to embrace a knowledge creation culture. The survey focuses on a number of organizations drawn from an established taxonomy of organizations in Thailand using the stratified random sampling technique. The results indicate that (a) there is an established knowledge sharing culture supported by a corporate KM strategy, amongst high-tech organizations, as well as a preparedness for change to migrate to a knowledge creation culture; (b) a number of international organizations exhibit ad-hoc knowledge sharing practices as well as a growing awareness about the value of knowledge sharing and what can be termed as intangible assets; (c) a clear lack of any knowledge-oriented practice within ministry and department of public sectors. This empirical study provides a foundation to further the research and develop a framework for Thai organizations that promotes adoption of knowledge sharing practices as well as the migration from a knowledge sharing to a knowledge creation model.
{"title":"A Review of Thai Knowledge Management Practices: An Empirical Study","authors":"C. Vorakulpipat, Y. Rezgui","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279850","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this empirical study is to review current knowledge management (KM) practices in Thailand, and in particular to explore the knowledge sharing maturity and capability of Thai organizations and their readiness to embrace a knowledge creation culture. The survey focuses on a number of organizations drawn from an established taxonomy of organizations in Thailand using the stratified random sampling technique. The results indicate that (a) there is an established knowledge sharing culture supported by a corporate KM strategy, amongst high-tech organizations, as well as a preparedness for change to migrate to a knowledge creation culture; (b) a number of international organizations exhibit ad-hoc knowledge sharing practices as well as a growing awareness about the value of knowledge sharing and what can be termed as intangible assets; (c) a clear lack of any knowledge-oriented practice within ministry and department of public sectors. This empirical study provides a foundation to further the research and develop a framework for Thai organizations that promotes adoption of knowledge sharing practices as well as the migration from a knowledge sharing to a knowledge creation model.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116640063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279834
B.W. Liu, L. Zhang, Y.Z. Tian, H. Peng
The leadership performance can effect the organizational performance directly. The leadership performance and the organization performance have been the subject of much concern among businesses and academics over the past few years. Traditional organization couldn't meet the need of the new economics environment; Set up a high-performance organization is the goal of all modern companies. The high-performance is different from the traditional organization in the aspect of leadership. High-performance leadership is synthesis which include skill, behaviors and strategies vision of the leaders. On the basis of distinguish the high-performance organization from the traditional organization; this study proposes a conceptual model on the impact of high-performance leadership on organization performance. The model shows that leadership skill, behaviors and strategies vision are the factors of high-performance leadership, they can influence the organization performance through integrating high-performance leadership. While culture context also play role by effect others factors, it is infiltrative factor.
{"title":"A Conceptual Model on High-Performance Leadership and Organization Performance","authors":"B.W. Liu, L. Zhang, Y.Z. Tian, H. Peng","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279834","url":null,"abstract":"The leadership performance can effect the organizational performance directly. The leadership performance and the organization performance have been the subject of much concern among businesses and academics over the past few years. Traditional organization couldn't meet the need of the new economics environment; Set up a high-performance organization is the goal of all modern companies. The high-performance is different from the traditional organization in the aspect of leadership. High-performance leadership is synthesis which include skill, behaviors and strategies vision of the leaders. On the basis of distinguish the high-performance organization from the traditional organization; this study proposes a conceptual model on the impact of high-performance leadership on organization performance. The model shows that leadership skill, behaviors and strategies vision are the factors of high-performance leadership, they can influence the organization performance through integrating high-performance leadership. While culture context also play role by effect others factors, it is infiltrative factor.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114545711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279835
Wolf-Ekkehard Matzke, G. Strube
This paper describes an approach to model engineering design systems and to assess, simulate, and plan the performance of the design processes supported by those systems. An agent based system is developed which models design infrastructure, global design support, and engineering teams, as well as the associated design processes. It performs dynamic project simulation as well as performance measurements in a retrospective, descriptive, and predictive way. Such a system can be applied to project planning, continuous monitoring, scenario analysis, and replanning. Therefore, it can manage the performance of design infrastructure and design support and engineering teams.
{"title":"A management tool for the performance management of distributed (global) dynamic engineering design processes","authors":"Wolf-Ekkehard Matzke, G. Strube","doi":"10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279835","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an approach to model engineering design systems and to assess, simulate, and plan the performance of the design processes supported by those systems. An agent based system is developed which models design infrastructure, global design support, and engineering teams, as well as the associated design processes. It performs dynamic project simulation as well as performance measurements in a retrospective, descriptive, and predictive way. Such a system can be applied to project planning, continuous monitoring, scenario analysis, and replanning. Therefore, it can manage the performance of design infrastructure and design support and engineering teams.","PeriodicalId":153115,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130796563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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