Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology最新文献

Objectives: Hypothyroidism is common among females of reproductive age group. The prevalence is 10.95 % of which 3.47 % are unaware of the condition and its effect on lung function. To study the pulmonary function among hypothyroid females of reproductive age group and to identify the respiratory disease pattern and also to correlate free T3, T4 and TSH Levels with pulmonary function test parameters.

Methods: This is a case control study, comprised of 156 participants divided into two groups (n₁ and n₂). Group 1 consisted of normal healthy female controls and group 2 consisted of hypothyroid female patients of age group 18-45 years. After recording anthropometric variables, vital signs and BMI, spirometry was performed and following parameters, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PIF and FEF_25-75 % were assessed and analyzed. Statistical analysis and correlation was done.

Results: Hypothyroid patients showed a statistically significant decline in FEV1, FEV1/FVC%. Rho and Pearson's correlation showed a positive correlation between free T4 and FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, PIF, FEF_25-75 %, with FEF_25-75 % statistically significant. TSH showed a negative correlation with FVC, PEF and PIF with PEF statistically significant.

Conclusions: Our study shows that patients with hypothyroidism are more prone to develop obstructive pattern of lung disease, with a decline in small airway and large airway function.

Objectives: Evaluate associations between serum copper (Cu), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) and psychophysical health in adults from Italy's Sarno River Basin within the 2025 PREVES-STOP program.

Methods: Adults aged 30-65 completed validated questionnaires plus clinical evaluation and blood sampling. Elements were quantified by collision/reaction-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Associations were evaluated using Spearman and partial Spearman correlations.

Results: Significant associations included Zn and Rb associated with lower odds (odds ratio, OR) of severe fatigue - Recognizing and Estimating Signs of Tiredness (REST): Zn OR=0.38, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.21-0.68, q=0.02; Rb OR=0.33, 95 % CI 0.15-0.71, q=0.03 - while Sr was associated with higher well-being - the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) OR=1.36, 95 % CI 1.12-1.65, q=0.02.

Conclusions: Findings support broader trace-element panels to inform psychophysical and cardiometabolic risk beyond classical toxic metals, complementing prior PREVES-STOP evidence on lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Further investigation is warranted.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of Flower Pollen Extract with Vitamins (PEV) in improving urinary and sexual function in men diagnosed with chronic prostatitis (CP).

Methods: A retrospective controlled study was conducted involving 145 men with CP. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group received PEV (n=71) and the control group received ibuprofen (n=74). Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 12 months post-treatment.

Results: Both groups exhibited comparable baseline characteristics. At 3 months, the PEV group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in IPSS (9.4 ± 2.7 vs. 10.3 ± 2.6, p=0.04), NIH-CPSI (11.5 ± 3.7 vs. 13.6 ± 4.2, p=0.002), and IIEF-5 (19.8 ± 3.6 vs. 17.7 ± 3.3, p<0.001). These benefits were maintained and further enhanced at 12 months, with mean IPSS 7.6 ± 2.1, NIH-CPSI 6.5 ± 2.4, and IIEF-5 21.6 ± 3.3 in the PEV group (all p<0.005). No significant differences were observed in Qmax.

Conclusions: Long-term PEV therapy significantly improves urinary and sexual function in men with CP compared with ibuprofen treatment, demonstrating sustained, time-dependent efficacy and excellent safety.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and structural damage. Two primary treatment strategies - step-up therapy and early aggressive DMARD therapy have been widely debated in clinical practice. The step-up approach begins with NSAIDs or corticosteroids, progressing to DMARDs based on disease severity, whereas early aggressive therapy prioritizes immediate DMARD initiation to prevent irreversible joint damage. This comprehensive review evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and cohort studies assessing treatment outcomes, remission rates, and radiographic progression. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies published between 2010 and 2024. Key clinical trials, including TICORA, COBRA, BeSt, and CAMERA, were critically analyzed to assess the comparative benefits and limitations of both treatment approaches. Evidence suggests that early aggressive therapy is associated with higher remission rates, reduced radiographic progression, and improved long-term physical function, whereas the step-up approach often leads to delayed disease control and cumulative joint damage. However, concerns related to treatment adherence, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles necessitate further investigation. Future research should focus on biomarker-driven personalized treatment strategies, optimizing drug sequencing, and long-term comparative effectiveness studies to refine RA management.

Introduction: Esophageal achalasia is a rare motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and absent peristalsis. Diagnostic tools such as high-resolution manometry (HRM) and functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) have improved disease recognition; however, interpretation remains complex and highly operator dependent. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising approach to automate data analysis and enhance diagnostic accuracy, but its specific role in achalasia is not yet clearly defined.

Content: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, searching for studies published up to June 2025 that investigated AI applications in esophageal motility disorders, with particular attention to achalasia. Search terms included "artificial intelligence," "machine learning," "achalasia," "esophageal motility," and "high-resolution manometry." Although no prospective or interventional studies directly evaluating AI in achalasia were identified, several retrospective proof-of-concept studies applied AI algorithms to HRM and FLIP data. These studies demonstrated the feasibility of automated classification of esophageal motility disorders, with high accuracy in differentiating motility subtypes potentially applicable to achalasia. Exploratory research on AI-assisted imaging and outcome prediction also showed encouraging results.

Summary: Current evidence suggests that AI-based models can accurately analyze complex esophageal motility data and reduce interobserver variability. While direct clinical evidence in achalasia remains limited, existing studies provide a solid methodological foundation for AI-assisted diagnosis, classification, and clinical decision support in this condition.

Outlook: Future research should focus on prospective validation, multicenter data collection, and multimodal integration of clinical, physiologic, and imaging data. With targeted development and ethical governance, AI has the potential to enhance diagnostic precision, support personalized treatment strategies, and advance precision motility care in patients with achalasia.

Objectives: To assess the association between binge drinking and asthma risk across demographic and socioeconomic groups.

Methods: A retrospective analysis using the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database. Binge drinking status was the exposure variable, and asthma diagnosis was the outcome. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were included as covariates. Cross-tabulations, chi-squared tests, and Fisher's exact tests were conducted, results reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Binge drinkers had a 5.2 % lower asthma risk (OR: 0.948, 95 % CI: 0.9245-0.9722). The greatest risk reduction was in ages 45-64 (26.8 %), while ages 18-24 had a 14.3 % increased risk (OR: 1.143). Men had 4.4 % higher asthma risk, while women had 1.1 % lower risk. Black and Hispanic binge drinkers had 8.1 and 2.3 % higher risk, while white binge drinkers had 8.4 % lower risk. Higher-income and education were linked to lower asthma risk.

Conclusions: Binge drinking is associated with lower asthma risk in older adults and women but higher risk in young adults and men. Further research is needed to explore mechanisms.

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but potentially fatal infection, involving the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. The incidence of NF worldwide ranges from 0.30 to 15 cases per 100,000 populations and mortality remains high at 25 %.

Objectives: To classify severity of necrotizing fasciitis and assess the prognosis of necrotizing fasciitis using the LRINEC Scoring system.

Methods: A thorough history and detailed clinical examination was done. Patient underwent necessary investigations like hemoglobulin, total leukocyte count, serum sodium, serum creatinine, random blood sugar, and C-reactive protein. Based on the investigations, two groups were formulated, LRINEC score <6 (low risk) and ≥6 (high risk). Then prognosis was assessed. The results were compared between the two groups.

Results: In our study, a total of 124 patients were included with 62 of them with LRINEC score of <6 and 62 patients with LRINEC score ≥6. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting the septic shock and mortality with LRINEC score is 94 % and 70 % and 94 % and 71 %, respectively.

Conclusions: LRINEC score is a simple clinical tool for predicting the prognostic outcomes in patients with necrotizing fasciitis. LRINEC score of ≥6 have poorer prognosis in the form septic shock and eventual mortality.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis in the second or third decade is characterised by haematochezia, stomach pain, faecal urgency, and tenesmus. On October 26, 2023, the US-FDA approved Mirikizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis in adults.

Content: This systematic review evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Mirikizumab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by analysing data from available clinical trials. We performed a thorough search across databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov, covering records from their inception up to June 30, 2025, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Thorough investigation identified five relevant studies: four randomised controlled trials and one observational study. All Mirikizumab doses achieved complete healing of the inflamed lumen. Except for the 50 mg dose, they also showed superior histological remission compared to placebo. Most adverse effects likely stem from the condition itself rather than the drug, supported by a higher dropout rate among placebo patients. Additionally, in patients with prior treatment failures, Mirikizumab demonstrated improved outcomes by week 40.

Summary and outcome: Mirikizumab improves clinical, endoscopic, and histological results in ulcerative colitis. This study highlights the clinical importance of Mirikizumab and its potential to change treatment standards for ulcerative colitis.

Objectives: Haemovigilance monitors, identifies, reports, investigates, and analyses adverse event near-misses and reactions related to transfusion and blood product manufacture.

Methods: This was an observational study in which we analyzed and compared the WHO haemovigilance template form for hospital and blood establishment haemovigilance reporting forms from Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. All data from these reporting systems/forms was tabulated. The study analyzed data elements from each form, scoring them based on their presence in the WHO template and country forms. Higher scores indicated greater comparability and more comprehensive data collection.

Results: We identified 57 data fields in haemovigilance reporting forms from six countries and the WHO template, essential for collecting information on suspected transfusion products and reactions. The US FDA form has the most fields at 40 (70 %), followed by Canada with 33 (58 %) and India with 27 (47 %). New Zealand's form has the fewest at 16 (28 %), followed by South Africa with 17 (30 %).

Conclusions: Effective haemovigilance systems require time and commitment to develop, often starting small and growing with stakeholder involvement. A straightforward reporting form, accessible to all, is crucial for success.