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Waiting Times for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in a Nigerian Population. 尼日利亚人口前列腺癌诊断的等待时间。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-16 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5534683
Olufunmilade A Omisanjo, Olawale O Ogunremi, Olufemi O Akinola, Olaolu O Adebayo, Olufemi Ojewuyi, Mofeyisayo O Omorinde, Abimbola A Abolarinwa, Stephen O Ikuerowo, Fatai A Balogun

Background: Prostate biopsy remains an important surgical procedure in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer, but access to prostate biopsy service is poorly studied in the Nigerian population. While there has been a well-documented delay in patient presentation with prostate cancer in Nigeria, little is however known about how long patients wait to have a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer and start treatment after presenting at Nigerian hospitals.

Method: This was a descriptive retrospective study to document the specific duration of the various timelines in getting a diagnosis of prostate cancer at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.

Results: There were 270 patients. The mean age was 69.50 ± 8.03 years (range 45-90). The mean PSA at presentation was 563.2 ± 1879.2 ng/ml (range 2.05-15400), and the median PSA was 49.3 ng/ml. The median waiting times were (i) 10 days from referral to presentation; (ii) 30 days from presentation to biopsy; (iii) 24 days from biopsy to review of histology; (iv) 1 day from histology review to discussion/planning of treatment. The median overall waiting time from referral to treatment was 103 days. The mean time from presentation to biopsy was significantly shorter for patients with PSA of ≥50 ng/ml compared to those with PSA < 50 ng/ml. p = 0.048. Overall, the median time from biopsy to histology was significantly shorter for patients whose specimens were processed in private laboratories (17 days) compared to those whose specimens were processed at the teaching hospital laboratory (30 days), p ≤ 0.001.

Conclusion: There is a significant delay within the health care system in getting a prostate cancer diagnosis in the Nigerian population studied. The major points of the identified delay were the waiting time from patient presentation to having a biopsy done and the histology report waiting time.

背景:前列腺活检仍然是前列腺癌诊断途径中重要的外科手术,但在尼日利亚人口中获得前列腺活检服务的研究很少。虽然尼日利亚前列腺癌患者的就诊时间有充分的记录,但对于患者在尼日利亚医院就诊后等待前列腺癌组织学诊断并开始治疗的时间却知之甚少。方法:这是一项描述性回顾性研究,记录在尼日利亚Ikeja的拉各斯州立大学教学医院诊断前列腺癌的各种时间线的具体持续时间。结果:共270例患者。平均年龄69.50±8.03岁(45 ~ 90岁)。患者就诊时的平均PSA为563.2±1879.2 ng/ml(范围2.05-15400),中位PSA为49.3 ng/ml。等待时间中位数为(i)从转诊到就诊10天;(ii)从出现到活检30天;(iii)从活检到组织学检查24天;(iv)从组织学检查到讨论/计划治疗1天。从转诊到治疗的中位总等待时间为103天。与PSA < 50 ng/ml的患者相比,PSA≥50 ng/ml的患者从出现到活检的平均时间显着缩短。P = 0.048。总体而言,与在教学医院实验室处理标本的患者(30天)相比,在私人实验室处理标本的患者(17天)从活检到组织学的中位时间显著缩短,p≤0.001。结论:在尼日利亚人口研究中,在获得前列腺癌诊断的卫生保健系统中存在显着延迟。确定的延迟的主要点是从患者就诊到进行活检的等待时间和组织学报告的等待时间。
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引用次数: 4
National and Subnational Cancer Incidence for 22 Cancer Groups, 2000 to 2016: A Study Based on Cancer Registration Data of Iran. 2000 年至 2016 年 22 个癌症组别的全国和次国家癌症发病率:基于伊朗癌症登记数据的研究。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-12 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676666
Javad Khanali, Ali-Asghar Kolahi

Background: Cancer is an increasing public health concern, and detailed knowledge of the cancer incidence is required for developing effective cancer control plans. The objective of this study is to present the cancer incidence of 22 cancer groups in Iran and all 31 provinces of the country from 2000 to 2016, for both sexes across different age groups.

Method: To study the national and provincial cancer incidence in Iran, we extracted data from the Cancer Project, which collects the Iranian cancer registry data and visualizes it in the VIZIT data visualization system. The methodology and statistical analysis that is used in this study follow the cancer project study protocol. Joinpoint analysis was performed to calculate the average annual percent change of the crude rates and age-standardized rates from 2000 to 2016.

Results: Cancer incidence was 126,982 patients in 2016, and the crude rate (CR) of cancer in both sexes and all ages was 155 per 100,000 people. Cancer incidence approximately doubled between 2000 and 2016; however, the age-standardized rate (ASR) had a less drastic increase. The most incident cancers in 2016 were breast, skin, and colorectal cancers; however, the ranking of cancer groups by incidence was different in different age and sex groups and provinces. Some cancers exhibited a unique distribution pattern in the country with high-incidence local areas. Discussion. The study showed that cancer incidence, crude rate, and age-standardized rate (ASR) in Iran had increased in 2000-2016 with vast heterogeneity by cancer type, province, and sex. Moreover, it was shown that the crude rate of cancer in Iran was much less than the global cancer crude rate. Providing such data helps to allocate resources and develop effective national cancer control plans appropriately.

背景:癌症是一个日益受到关注的公共卫生问题,要制定有效的癌症控制计划,就必须详细了解癌症发病率。本研究的目的是介绍 2000 年至 2016 年期间伊朗 22 个癌症组和全国 31 个省不同年龄段的男女癌症发病率:为了研究伊朗全国和各省的癌症发病率,我们从癌症项目中提取了数据,该项目收集了伊朗癌症登记数据,并在 VIZIT 数据可视化系统中将其可视化。本研究采用的方法和统计分析遵循癌症项目研究协议。通过连接点分析,计算出 2000 年至 2016 年粗略发病率和年龄标准化发病率的年均百分比变化:2016 年癌症发病人数为 126982 人,男女老少的癌症粗发病率(CR)均为每 10 万人 155 例。2000 年至 2016 年间,癌症发病率约翻了一番;然而,年龄标准化比率(ASR)的增幅并不明显。2016 年,发病率最高的癌症是乳腺癌、皮肤癌和结直肠癌;然而,不同年龄、性别组别和省份的癌症发病率排名有所不同。一些癌症在全国呈现出独特的分布模式,局部地区发病率较高。讨论。研究表明,2000-2016 年期间,伊朗的癌症发病率、粗发病率和年龄标准化发病率(ASR)均有所上升,但不同癌症类型、省份和性别之间存在巨大差异。此外,研究还表明,伊朗的癌症粗发病率远低于全球癌症粗发病率。提供这些数据有助于合理分配资源和制定有效的国家癌症控制计划。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge and Practice on Breast Self-Examination and Associated Factors among Summer Class Social Science Undergraduate Female Students in the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西北部贡达尔大学暑期班社会科学专业女生乳房自检知识、实践及相关因素调查
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-09 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8162047
Muhabaw Shumye Mihret, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Abera Shiferaw Abebe, Emebet Gebru Tarekegn, Solomon Ketemaw Abebe, Mosina Aminu Abduselam, Tejitu Dereje Shiferaw, Genet Worku Kebede

Background: Breast cancer is a global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Early detection of breast cancer contributes to timely linkage to care and reduction of complications associated with breast cancer. In this context, breast self-examination is helpful to detect breast abnormalities particularly in settings with poor access to healthcare for clinical breast examination and mammography. Thus, all women in such settings are highly encouraged to perform breast self-examination regularly, and shreds of evidences are compulsory in this perspective. In the study setting, there was a scarcity of evidence on breast self-examination. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing knowledge and practice on breast self-examination and its associated factors among summer class female students of social science at Maraki Campus, University of Gondar, Ethiopia.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 01 to September 15/2018. A total of 398 female summer students were included in the study. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select the study participants, and interviewer-administered structured questionnaires were employed to collect the data. The data were then entered into Epi info version 7.0, and analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted, and the level of significance was declared based on adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI and a p value ≤ 0.05.

Result: The proportion of students having a good knowledge and practice of breast self-examination was found to be 27.6% (95% CI: 22.9, 32) and 17.4% (95% CI: 13.8, 21.6), respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, urban residency (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.27, 4.94) and discussion with someone on breast self-examination (AOR = 4.57; 95% CI: 2.42, 8.65) were predictors of good knowledge, whereas family history of breast cancer (AOR = 7.14; 95% CI: 1.75, 25), discussion with someone on breast self-examination (AOR = 3.85; 95% CI: 1.82, 8.33), and good knowledge on breast self -examination (AOR = 12.02; 95% CI: 5.97, 24.20) had been significantly associated with breast self-examination practice.

Conclusion: In this study, the proportion of students with good knowledge and practice towards breast self-examination was lower than most of the studies done so far. The predictors of breast self-examination are related to lack of information. Thus, awareness creation on breast self-examination would be helpful in this context.

背景:乳腺癌是一个全球性的健康问题,也是妇女发病和死亡的主要原因。乳腺癌的早期发现有助于及时联系护理和减少与乳腺癌相关的并发症。在这种情况下,乳房自我检查有助于发现乳房异常,特别是在难以获得临床乳房检查和乳房x光检查保健的环境中。因此,在这种情况下,我们强烈鼓励所有妇女定期进行乳房自我检查,从这个角度来看,证据是强制性的。在研究环境中,缺乏关于乳房自我检查的证据。因此,本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚贡达尔大学马拉基校区暑期班社会科学女学生乳房自我检查的知识和实践及其相关因素。方法:于2018年7月1日至9月15日进行基于机构的横断面研究。共有398名女暑期学生被纳入研究。采用简单的随机抽样技术选择研究对象,采用访谈者管理的结构化问卷收集数据。数据输入Epi info 7.0版本,采用SPSS 20.0版本进行分析。拟合双变量和多变量logistic回归模型,以校正优势比(95% CI, p值≤0.05)宣布显著性水平。结果:对乳房自检有良好认识和实践的学生比例分别为27.6% (95% CI: 22.9, 32)和17.4% (95% CI: 13.8, 21.6)。在多变量logistic回归分析中,城市居住(AOR = 2.50;95% CI: 1.27, 4.94)和与他人讨论乳房自检(AOR = 4.57;95% CI: 2.42, 8.65)是良好知识的预测因子,而乳腺癌家族史(AOR = 7.14;95% CI: 1.75, 25),与他人讨论乳房自检(AOR = 3.85;95% CI: 1.82, 8.33),良好的乳房自我检查知识(AOR = 12.02;95% CI: 5.97, 24.20)与乳房自检实践显著相关。结论:在本研究中,对乳房自检有良好认识和实践的学生比例低于迄今为止的大多数研究。乳房自我检查的预测因素与信息的缺乏有关。因此,在这种情况下,提高对乳房自我检查的认识是有帮助的。
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引用次数: 15
Endometrial Tumor Classification by Histomorphology and Biomarkers in the Nurses' Health Study. 护士健康研究中子宫内膜肿瘤的组织形态学和生物标志物分类。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-12 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884364
Jaclyn C Watkins, Michael J Downing, Marta Crous-Bou, Evan L Busch, Maxine Chen, Immaculata De Vivo, George L Mutter

Objective: Endometrial cancers have historically been classified by histomorphologic appearance, which is subject to interobserver disagreement. As molecular and biomarker testing has become increasingly available, the prognostic significance and accuracy of histomorphologic diagnoses have been questioned. To address these issues for a large, prospective cohort study, we provide the results of a centralized pathology review and biomarker analysis of all incidental endometrial carcinomas occurring between 1976 and 2012 in the Nurses' Health Study.

Methods: Routine histology of all (n = 360) cases was reviewed for histomorphologic diagnosis. Cases were subsequently planted in a tissue microarray to explore expression of a variety of biomarkers (e.g., ER, PR, p53, PTEN, PAX2, AMACR, HNF1β, Napsin A, p16, PAX8, and GATA3).

Results: Histologic subtypes included endometrioid (87.2%), serous (5.6%), carcinosarcoma (3.9%), clear cell (1.7%), and mixed type (1.7%). Biomarker results within histologic subtypes were consistent with existing literature: abnormal p53 was frequent in serous cases (74%), and HNF1β (67%), Napsin A (67%), and AMACR (83%) expression was frequent in clear cell carcinomas. Our dataset also allowed for examination of biomarker expression across non-preselected histologies. The results demonstrated that (1) HNF1β was not specific for clear cell carcinoma, (2) TP53 mutations occurred across many histologies, and (3) GATA3 was expressed across multiple histotypes, with 75% of positive cases demonstrating high-grade features.

Conclusions: Our findings establish the subtypes of endometrial cancer occurring in the Nurses' Health Study, corroborate the sensitivity of certain well-established biomarkers, and call into question previously identified associations between certain biomarkers (e.g., HNF1B) and particular histotypes.

目的:子宫内膜癌历来是根据组织形态学外观来分类的,这是观察者之间的分歧。随着分子和生物标志物检测的日益普及,组织形态学诊断的预后意义和准确性受到质疑。为了在一项大型前瞻性队列研究中解决这些问题,我们提供了1976年至2012年护士健康研究中发生的所有偶发子宫内膜癌的集中病理回顾和生物标志物分析结果。方法:对所有病例(360例)进行常规组织学检查,进行组织形态学诊断。随后,将病例植入组织芯片,以检测多种生物标志物(如ER、PR、p53、PTEN、PAX2、AMACR、HNF1β、Napsin a、p16、PAX8和GATA3)的表达。结果:组织学亚型包括子宫内膜样(87.2%)、浆液型(5.6%)、癌肉瘤(3.9%)、透明细胞型(1.7%)和混合型(1.7%)。组织学亚型的生物标志物结果与现有文献一致:p53异常常见于浆液病例(74%),HNF1β(67%)、Napsin A(67%)和AMACR(83%)表达常见于透明细胞癌。我们的数据集还允许在非预选组织学中检查生物标志物的表达。结果表明:(1)HNF1β对透明细胞癌没有特异性,(2)TP53突变发生在许多组织学中,(3)GATA3在多种组织型中表达,75%的阳性病例表现出高级别特征。结论:我们的研究结果确定了护士健康研究中发生的子宫内膜癌亚型,证实了某些已建立的生物标志物的敏感性,并对先前确定的某些生物标志物(如HNF1B)与特定组织型之间的关联提出了质疑。
{"title":"Endometrial Tumor Classification by Histomorphology and Biomarkers in the Nurses' Health Study.","authors":"Jaclyn C Watkins,&nbsp;Michael J Downing,&nbsp;Marta Crous-Bou,&nbsp;Evan L Busch,&nbsp;Maxine Chen,&nbsp;Immaculata De Vivo,&nbsp;George L Mutter","doi":"10.1155/2021/8884364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8884364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endometrial cancers have historically been classified by histomorphologic appearance, which is subject to interobserver disagreement. As molecular and biomarker testing has become increasingly available, the prognostic significance and accuracy of histomorphologic diagnoses have been questioned. To address these issues for a large, prospective cohort study, we provide the results of a centralized pathology review and biomarker analysis of all incidental endometrial carcinomas occurring between 1976 and 2012 in the Nurses' Health Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Routine histology of all (<i>n</i> = 360) cases was reviewed for histomorphologic diagnosis. Cases were subsequently planted in a tissue microarray to explore expression of a variety of biomarkers (e.g., ER, PR, p53, PTEN, PAX2, AMACR, HNF1<i>β</i>, Napsin A, p16, PAX8, and GATA3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histologic subtypes included endometrioid (87.2%), serous (5.6%), carcinosarcoma (3.9%), clear cell (1.7%), and mixed type (1.7%). Biomarker results within histologic subtypes were consistent with existing literature: abnormal p53 was frequent in serous cases (74%), and HNF1<i>β</i> (67%), Napsin A (67%), and AMACR (83%) expression was frequent in clear cell carcinomas. Our dataset also allowed for examination of biomarker expression across non-preselected histologies. The results demonstrated that (1) HNF1<i>β</i> was not specific for clear cell carcinoma, (2) <i>TP53</i> mutations occurred across many histologies, and (3) GATA3 was expressed across multiple histotypes, with 75% of positive cases demonstrating high-grade features.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings establish the subtypes of endometrial cancer occurring in the Nurses' Health Study, corroborate the sensitivity of certain well-established biomarkers, and call into question previously identified associations between certain biomarkers (e.g., HNF1B) and particular histotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8093077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38910552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Association of Common Medications and the Risk of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer: A Population-Based Matched Study. 常用药物与早发性胃癌风险的关联:一项基于人群的匹配研究。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2670502
Taleen A MacArthur, William Scott Harmsen, Jay Mandrekar, Feven Abraha, Travis E Grotz

Background: Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC, age ≤ 60 years at diagnosis) now comprises >30% of new gastric cancers in the United States. It is hypothesized that chronic acid suppression with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) may promote tumorigenesis, while other medications including statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metformin, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been proposed as protective. We aimed to assess for an association between use of the aforementioned commonly prescribed medications and EOGC development.

Methods: We used a population-based medical record linkage system, to identify cases of EOGC in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2020. Patients were matched 1 : 1 with controls based on age at diagnosis, sex, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations with the odds of EOGC development.

Results: Ninety-six cases of EOGC were identified during the study period. On both univariate and multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between use of PPIs, statins, NSAIDs, or metformin and EOGC development. In a final multivariable model, there was a significant reduction in odds of EOGC with COX-2 inhibitor use for six months or more prior to cancer diagnosis (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.94).

Conclusion: In this retrospective, population-based study of individuals in Olmsted County, MN, we found significantly reduced odds of EOGC development associated with COX-2 inhibitor use for six months or more prior to diagnosis, but no association between EOGC development and use of PPIs and other commonly prescribed medications.

背景:早发性胃癌(EOGC,诊断时年龄≤60岁)目前占美国新发胃癌的30%以上。据推测,质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)的慢性抑酸可能促进肿瘤发生,而其他药物包括他汀类药物、非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)、二甲双胍和环氧化酶-2 (COX-2)抑制剂也被认为具有保护作用。我们的目的是评估使用上述常用处方药与EOGC发展之间的关系。方法:我们使用基于人群的医疗记录链接系统,识别1995年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县的EOGC病例。根据诊断时的年龄、性别、吸烟状况和体重指数(BMI)将患者与对照组进行1:1的匹配。使用条件逻辑回归来检查与EOGC发生几率的关联。结果:研究期间共发现96例EOGC。在单变量和多变量回归分析中,PPIs、他汀类药物、非甾体抗炎药或二甲双胍的使用与EOGC的发展没有显著的关联。在最后的多变量模型中,在癌症诊断前使用COX-2抑制剂6个月或更长时间,EOGC的几率显著降低(or = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.94)。结论:在这项基于人群的回顾性研究中,我们发现,在诊断前使用COX-2抑制剂6个月或更长时间,EOGC发展的几率显著降低,但EOGC发展与使用PPIs和其他常用处方药之间没有关联。
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引用次数: 6
Comprehensive Knowledge towards Cervical Cancer and Associated Factors among Women in Durame Town, Southern Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚南部Durame镇妇女对宫颈癌及其相关因素的全面了解
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-12-29 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4263439
Biruktawit F Woldu, Lidiya G Lemu, Debiso E Mandaro

Low awareness about cervical cancer and poor screening practice are some of the contributing factors for the high burden of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess comprehensive knowledge towards cervical cancer and associated factors among reproductive age women visiting Durame General Hospital. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was done. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to determine the presence and strength of associations between independent and outcome variable. Variables with p value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Among the 237 women enrolled, more than half (55.7%) have ever heard about cervical cancer. Health professionals were major source of information. Half of respondents (51.5%) had good knowledge towards cervical cancer. Urban residence (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI (1.19-4.35)), having formal employment (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI (1.53-5.59)), and knowing someone with cervical cancer (AOR = 5.21, 95% CI (2.32-11.71)) were found to have significant association with good knowledge towards cervical cancer. The comprehensive knowledge of women towards cervical cancer was found to be insufficient. Provision of community-based health education with health professionals needs to be emphasized.

对宫颈癌的认识不足和不良的筛查做法是撒哈拉以南非洲地区宫颈癌高负担的一些促成因素。本研究的目的是评估在Durame总医院就诊的育龄妇女对宫颈癌及其相关因素的全面了解。基于机构的横断面研究于2019年4月进行。采用系统随机抽样方法选择研究对象。数据收集采用预测问卷。进行二元和多元logistic回归分析。采用95% CI的校正优势比来确定独立变量和结局变量之间的相关性和强度。p值小于0.05的变量被认为具有统计学意义。在237名参与调查的妇女中,超过一半(55.7%)曾听说过子宫颈癌。保健专业人员是信息的主要来源。一半(51.5%)受访者对子宫颈癌有良好认识。城市居民(AOR = 2.28, 95% CI(1.19-4.35))、有正式工作(AOR = 2.92, 95% CI(1.53-5.59))、知道有人患宫颈癌(AOR = 5.21, 95% CI(2.32-11.71))与宫颈癌相关知识显著相关。调查发现,妇女对子宫颈癌的全面认识不足。需要强调提供以社区为基础的保健教育,并配备保健专业人员。
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引用次数: 1
The Importance of Cancer Registry Linkage for Studying Rare Cancers in Prospective Cohorts. 癌症登记联系对前瞻性队列研究罕见癌症的重要性。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-25 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2895276
Emily Maplethorpe, Emily V Walker, Trenton Smith, Faith G Davis, Yan Yuan

Large prospective cohort studies may offer an opportunity to study the etiology and natural history of rare cancers. Cancer diagnoses in observational cohort studies are often self-reported. Little information exists on the validity of self-reported cancer diagnosis, especially rare cancers, in Canada. This study evaluated the validity of self-reported cancer diagnosis in Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP), a provincial cohort in Canada. ATP data were linked to the Alberta Cancer Registry (ACR). The first instance of self-reported cancer in a follow-up survey was compared to the first cancer diagnosis in the ACR after enrollment. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were estimated for the reporting of cancer status, reporting of common or rare cancer, and reporting of site-specific cancer. Logistic regression analysis explored factors associated with false positive, false negative, and incorrect cancer site reporting. In the 30,843 ATP participants who consented to registry linkage, there were 810 primary cancer diagnoses in the ACR and 959 self-reports of first cancer post-enrollment, for a cancer status sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI: 90.0-93.9) and PPV of 77.8% (95% CI: 75.0-80.4). Compared to common cancers, rare cancers had a lower sensitivity (62.8% vs. 89.6%) and PPV (35.8% vs. 84.5%). Participants with a rare cancer were more likely to report an incorrect site than those with a common cancer. Rare cancers were less likely to be captured by active follow-up than common cancers. While rare cancer research may be feasible in large cohort studies, registry linkage is necessary to capture rare cancer diagnoses completely and accurately.

大型前瞻性队列研究可能为研究罕见癌症的病因学和自然史提供机会。观察性队列研究中的癌症诊断通常是自我报告的。在加拿大,关于自我报告的癌症诊断的有效性的信息很少,尤其是罕见的癌症。本研究评估了阿尔伯塔省明日计划(ATP)中自我报告癌症诊断的有效性,这是加拿大的一个省级队列。ATP数据与阿尔伯塔癌症登记处(ACR)相关联。在随访调查中首次自我报告的癌症与入组后ACR中的首次癌症诊断进行了比较。对报告癌症状态、报告常见或罕见癌症以及报告部位特异性癌症的敏感性和阳性预测值(PPV)进行了估计。逻辑回归分析探讨了与假阳性、假阴性和不正确的癌症部位报告相关的因素。在30,843名同意注册链接的ATP参与者中,ACR中有810例原发性癌症诊断,959例入组后首次癌症的自我报告,癌症状态敏感性为92.1% (95% CI: 90.0-93.9), PPV为77.8% (95% CI: 75.0-80.4)。与常见癌症相比,罕见癌症的敏感性(62.8%比89.6%)和PPV(35.8%比84.5%)较低。患有罕见癌症的参与者比患有常见癌症的参与者更有可能报告错误的部位。与普通癌症相比,通过积极随访发现罕见癌症的可能性更小。虽然罕见的癌症研究可能在大型队列研究中是可行的,但登记联系是必要的,以完整和准确地捕获罕见的癌症诊断。
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引用次数: 1
Prognostic Worth of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors. 头颈部肿瘤患者表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的预后价值。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-12 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5615303
Precious Barnes, F A Yeboah, Jinling Zhu, Roland Osei Saahene, Christian Obirikorang, Michael Buenor Adinortey, Benjamin Amoani, Foster Kyei, Patrick Akakpo, Yaw Asante Awuku

Introduction: Head and neck tumors (HNT) are tumors that normally occur at the head and neck region of the body. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been found to be highly expressed in breast and other tumors; therefore, there is the need to investigate the level of EGFR expression among patients with head and neck tumors in Ghana.

Method: The level of EGFR expression was determined in head and neck tumor and control head and neck tissues with quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results: The level of EGFR expressions was high in tumor tissues than in the control tissues. There was a significant difference of p value 0.025 among the ages >40 and ≤ 40 when the high and low level of EGFR was compared in the head and neck malignant tumor. The area under the curve for the high expression of EGFR among the malignant head and neck tumors was 0.901 with a specificity of 86.4%.

Conclusion: EGFR can serve as a prognostic marker in monitoring patients with HNT as well as a molecular therapeutic target.

头颈部肿瘤(HNT)是通常发生在身体头颈部的肿瘤。表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)已被发现在乳腺和其他肿瘤中高表达;因此,有必要研究加纳头颈部肿瘤患者中EGFR的表达水平。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测头颈部肿瘤组织和对照头颈部组织中EGFR的表达水平。结果:肿瘤组织中EGFR表达水平明显高于对照组织。头颈部恶性肿瘤中EGFR高、低水平比较,年龄>40岁与≤40岁之间差异有统计学意义,p值为0.025。EGFR在头颈部恶性肿瘤高表达的曲线下面积为0.901,特异性为86.4%。结论:EGFR可作为监测HNT患者的预后指标和分子治疗靶点。
{"title":"Prognostic Worth of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors.","authors":"Precious Barnes,&nbsp;F A Yeboah,&nbsp;Jinling Zhu,&nbsp;Roland Osei Saahene,&nbsp;Christian Obirikorang,&nbsp;Michael Buenor Adinortey,&nbsp;Benjamin Amoani,&nbsp;Foster Kyei,&nbsp;Patrick Akakpo,&nbsp;Yaw Asante Awuku","doi":"10.1155/2020/5615303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5615303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Head and neck tumors (HNT) are tumors that normally occur at the head and neck region of the body. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been found to be highly expressed in breast and other tumors; therefore, there is the need to investigate the level of EGFR expression among patients with head and neck tumors in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The level of EGFR expression was determined in head and neck tumor and control head and neck tissues with quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of EGFR expressions was high in tumor tissues than in the control tissues. There was a significant difference of <i>p</i> value 0.025 among the ages >40 and ≤ 40 when the high and low level of EGFR was compared in the head and neck malignant tumor. The area under the curve for the high expression of EGFR among the malignant head and neck tumors was 0.901 with a specificity of 86.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EGFR can serve as a prognostic marker in monitoring patients with HNT as well as a molecular therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":15366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5615303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38673178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Breast Cancer in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Overview. 乳腺癌在美国:横断面概述。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-30 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6387378
Nadeem Bilani, Emily C Zabor, Leah Elson, Elizabeth B Elimimian, Zeina Nahleh

Introduction: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women. It encompasses considerable heterogeneity in pathology, patient clinical characteristics, and outcome. This study describes factors associated with overall survival (OS) of breast cancer in an updated national database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 based on the National Cancer Database. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies/percentages, whereas continuous variables were summarized using the median/interquartile range (IQR). OS was explored using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: Data from n = 2,671,549 patients were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range 18-90). 75% were non-Hispanic (NH) White; 11% were NH-Black; 4.7% were Hispanic-White; 0.1% were Hispanic-Black; and 3.4% were Asian. Most cases (73%) presented with ductal carcinoma histology; while 15% with lobular carcinoma. Rarer subtypes included epithelial-myoepithelial, fibroepithelial, metaplastic, and mesenchymal tumors. OS was associated with molecular subtype, histologic subtype, and AJCC clinical staging. Survival also correlated with race: a cohort including Asians and Pacific Islanders had the best survival, while Black patients had the worst. Finally, facility type also impacted outcome: patients at academic centers had the best survival, while those at community cancer programs had the worst.

Conclusion: This large database provides a recent and comprehensive overview of breast cancer over 12 years. Molecular subtype, histologic subtype, stage, race, and facility type were correlated with OS. In addition to the educational perspective of this overview, significant factors impacting the outcome identified here should be considered in future cancer research on disparities.

乳腺癌仍然是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。它包括病理、患者临床特征和结果的相当大的异质性。本研究在更新的国家数据库中描述了与乳腺癌总生存率(OS)相关的因素。方法:基于国家癌症数据库,对2004年至2016年诊断为乳腺癌的患者进行回顾性分析。分类变量使用频率/百分比进行汇总,而连续变量使用中位数/四分位数范围(IQR)进行汇总。使用Kaplan-Meier方法对OS进行了探索。结果:分析了n = 2,671,549例患者的数据。诊断时的中位年龄为61岁(范围18-90岁)。75%是非西班牙裔(NH)白人;11%为NH-Black;4.7%为西班牙裔白人;0.1%为西班牙裔黑人;3.4%是亚洲人。大多数病例(73%)表现为导管癌;15%为小叶癌。罕见的亚型包括上皮-肌上皮、纤维上皮、化生和间充质肿瘤。OS与分子亚型、组织学亚型和AJCC临床分期相关。生存率还与种族有关:包括亚洲人和太平洋岛民在内的一组患者的生存率最高,而黑人患者的生存率最低。最后,设施类型也会影响结果:学术中心的患者存活率最高,而社区癌症项目的患者存活率最低。结论:这个大型数据库提供了近12年来乳腺癌的最新和全面的概述。分子亚型、组织亚型、分期、种族、设施类型与OS相关。除了本综述的教育角度外,在未来的癌症差异研究中还应考虑影响本综述所确定结果的重要因素。
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引用次数: 11
Changes in the Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Investigation in Algeria, 1993-2013. 1993-2013年阿尔及利亚甲状腺癌人口统计学和临床病理特征的变化
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-22 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7812791
Houda Boukheris, Arslan Bettayeb, Lesley Ann Anderson, Zineb Achour, Fatma Zohra Benbachir, Sarra Attar, Hafida Saim, Kada Rouigeb, Necib Berber

Over the last three decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide. The reasons for this increase remain controversial. In Algeria, however, to date, information on thyroid cancer has been limited to a hospital-based case series. We analyzed data from a population-based cohort study in Oran District, Algeria, to describe demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer between 1993 and 2013. Medical records and pathology reports of thyroid cancer patients who had surgery were reviewed. Changes in demographic and clinicopathological features over the 21-year period are described. During the study period, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 1248 women (86.5%, mean age 43.7 ± 15.2 years) and 195 men (23.4%, mean age 48.1 ± 15.9 years). Most cases (83.1% for women and 69.8% for men) sought a diagnosis following a self-neck check. The most common histologic types were papillary (58.3%), follicular (29.7%), anaplastic (4.1%), and medullary (0.8%) carcinomas. The incidence of papillary carcinomas significantly increased (p < 0.001) while the incidence of other histologic types significantly decreased over time. Tumor size overall significantly decreased (p < 0.001) while the frequency of small (≤20 mm) and larger (>20 mm) carcinomas significantly increased (p < 0.05). The frequency of thyroid cancers with capsular effractions and angioinvasions also decreased over time. Thyroid cancer incidence in Algeria has increased substantially in line with international trends with changes in clinical practice being a possible contributing factor. However, the increasing papillary-to-follicular cancer ratio may be due to changes in iodine nutrition status in Algeria. Further research, including exploration of biological and molecular features of thyroid cancer, will enable a better understanding of risk factors and etiopathogenetic mechanisms.

在过去的三十年中,甲状腺癌的发病率在世界范围内有所增加。这种增长的原因仍有争议。然而,在阿尔及利亚,迄今为止关于甲状腺癌的信息仅限于基于医院的病例系列。我们分析了来自阿尔及利亚Oran地区的一项基于人群的队列研究的数据,以描述1993年至2013年间诊断为甲状腺癌的患者的人口学和临床病理特征。本文回顾了甲状腺癌手术患者的医疗记录和病理报告。在21年期间的人口统计学和临床病理特征的变化进行了描述。在研究期间,1248名女性(86.5%,平均年龄43.7±15.2岁)和195名男性(23.4%,平均年龄48.1±15.9岁)被诊断为甲状腺癌。大多数病例(83.1%的女性和69.8%的男性)在自我颈部检查后寻求诊断。最常见的组织学类型是乳头状癌(58.3%)、滤泡癌(29.7%)、间变性癌(4.1%)和髓样癌(0.8%)。随着时间的推移,乳头状癌的发病率显著增加(p < 0.001),而其他组织学类型的发病率显著降低。肿瘤大小总体显著降低(p < 0.001),小(≤20 mm)和大(>20 mm)癌的发生率显著增加(p < 0.05)。甲状腺癌伴包膜外渗和血管浸润的频率也随着时间的推移而降低。阿尔及利亚的甲状腺癌发病率与国际趋势一致大幅增加,临床实践的变化可能是一个促成因素。然而,不断增加的乳头-滤泡癌比例可能是由于阿尔及利亚碘营养状况的变化。进一步的研究,包括探索甲状腺癌的生物学和分子特征,将有助于更好地了解危险因素和发病机制。
{"title":"Changes in the Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Investigation in Algeria, 1993-2013.","authors":"Houda Boukheris,&nbsp;Arslan Bettayeb,&nbsp;Lesley Ann Anderson,&nbsp;Zineb Achour,&nbsp;Fatma Zohra Benbachir,&nbsp;Sarra Attar,&nbsp;Hafida Saim,&nbsp;Kada Rouigeb,&nbsp;Necib Berber","doi":"10.1155/2020/7812791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7812791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last three decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide. The reasons for this increase remain controversial. In Algeria, however, to date, information on thyroid cancer has been limited to a hospital-based case series. We analyzed data from a population-based cohort study in Oran District, Algeria, to describe demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer between 1993 and 2013. Medical records and pathology reports of thyroid cancer patients who had surgery were reviewed. Changes in demographic and clinicopathological features over the 21-year period are described. During the study period, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 1248 women (86.5%, mean age 43.7 ± 15.2 years) and 195 men (23.4%, mean age 48.1 ± 15.9 years). Most cases (83.1% for women and 69.8% for men) sought a diagnosis following a self-neck check. The most common histologic types were papillary (58.3%), follicular (29.7%), anaplastic (4.1%), and medullary (0.8%) carcinomas. The incidence of papillary carcinomas significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001) while the incidence of other histologic types significantly decreased over time. Tumor size overall significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001) while the frequency of small (≤20 mm) and larger (>20 mm) carcinomas significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The frequency of thyroid cancers with capsular effractions and angioinvasions also decreased over time. Thyroid cancer incidence in Algeria has increased substantially in line with international trends with changes in clinical practice being a possible contributing factor. However, the increasing papillary-to-follicular cancer ratio may be due to changes in iodine nutrition status in Algeria. Further research, including exploration of biological and molecular features of thyroid cancer, will enable a better understanding of risk factors and etiopathogenetic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7812791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38469979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Journal of Cancer Epidemiology
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