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Deriving a Correlation of Cementation Factor in Nubian Sandstone Formation (Upper and Lower Cretaceous), Sirt Basin 锡尔特盆地上、下白垩统努比亚砂岩组胶结系数对比研究
Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000149
Hm Sbiga, Gamal A. Alusta
The understanding of reservoir rock properties such as porosity, permeability, water saturation, and resistivity assists engineers to improve the characterization of the reservoir, and the cementation exponent m is an intrinsic property of the rock related to the geometry of the electrically-conductive water network imposed by the pore walls or surfaces of solid insulating materials. Archie’s parameters, namely m, n, and a, are sometimes assumed constant to simplify petrophysical measurements. But these parameters are not constant, particularly in heterogeneous reservoirs. Inaccurate estimates of these parameters can cause significant errors in the calculation of water saturation when using Archie’s equation and lead to discrepancies between log interpretation and production test results. There are many factors affecting cementation factor (m) such as porosity, pore throat size, type of rock grains, type and distribution of clay content, degree of cementation, and overburden pressure. This study has been undertaken in two oil fields: A-Libya, and B-Libya in the Sirt Basin located in Libya, the Nubian Sandstone formation is the main reservoir in these oil fields. Laboratory measurements such as porosity, and resistivity were conducted on core samples selected from two different fields. The results of electrical resistivity experiments are used to derive a new cementation factor correlation which can be applied to Nubian formations located in Sirt Basin. Crossplots of formation factor and porosity were created from measured data points for one hundred and ninty eight core samples. The analysis procedures for each field was made sequencely and finally, a good relation between formation resistivity factor and porosity for two fields and the correlations for calculation cementation factor were obtained for the Nubian sandstone formation, and the average Relative error of the data points when deriving these correlation was very small which indicates that these correlations are consistent.
对储层岩石孔隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度和电阻率等特性的了解有助于工程师改进储层的表征,胶结指数m是岩石的固有属性,与孔隙壁或固体绝缘材料表面施加的导电水网络的几何形状有关。为了简化岩石物理测量,有时假定Archie参数m、n和a为常数。但这些参数不是恒定的,特别是在非均质储层中。当使用Archie公式计算含水饱和度时,这些参数的不准确估计可能会导致严重错误,并导致测井解释与生产测试结果之间的差异。影响胶结系数(m)的因素有孔隙度、孔喉大小、岩石颗粒类型、粘土含量类型及分布、胶结程度、覆盖层压力等。本研究在位于利比亚Sirt盆地的A-Libya和B-Libya两个油田进行,努比亚砂岩组是这两个油田的主要储层。对两个不同油田的岩心样品进行了孔隙度和电阻率等实验室测量。利用电阻率实验结果,推导出一种新的胶结系数相关性,可应用于锡尔特盆地努比亚地层。利用198个岩心样品的实测数据点,建立了地层因子和孔隙度的交叉图。依次对各油田进行分析,最终得到了两个油田地层电阻率系数与孔隙度的良好关系以及努比亚砂岩地层胶结系数计算的相关关系,推导这些相关关系时数据点的平均相对误差很小,说明这些相关关系是一致的。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of Well Completion, Slug Size and WAP Timing on the Performance of Polymer Flooding 完井、段塞尺寸和WAP时机对聚合物驱性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000148
Rana Saqer Gamal Alusta, Hadel Mohsen, Gamal A. Alusta
The objective of this work is to asses and select the development options using polymer process that maximize oil recovery for a synthetic reservoir model where technical parameters are optimized thoroughly. Reservoir simulation study using ECLIPSE 100 was used to simulate the synthetic model to investigate the different development options of polymer flooding applied and compare them to water flooding. The development options include continuous polymer injection, water alternating polymer, and polymer slug injection. Through the study, the effect of injection rate, polymer concentration, slug size, and well completion were investigated by setting up a range of sensitivities.
这项工作的目的是评估和选择使用聚合物工艺的开发方案,以最大限度地提高技术参数优化的合成油藏模型的采收率。利用ECLIPSE 100进行油藏模拟研究,模拟合成模型,研究聚合物驱的不同开发方案,并将其与水驱进行比较。开发方案包括连续注入聚合物、水交替注入聚合物和聚合物段塞流注入。通过建立灵敏度范围,研究了注入速度、聚合物浓度、段塞尺寸和完井情况的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an Appropriate Model for predicting Pore Pressure in Niger delta, Nigeria using Offset Well Data 利用邻井数据开发适合尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲孔隙压力预测的模型
Pub Date : 2019-03-29 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000147
A. Tanko, K. Bello, I. Tanko
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引用次数: 1
Preparation of PVC-NiFeCo3-Hybrid membranes for the Pervaporation Separation of Toluene-Heptane mixtures pvc - nifeco3杂化膜的制备及其对甲苯-庚烷混合物渗透汽化分离的影响
Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000146
L. Aouinti, Fds Boukraa, S. Chirane, S. Arab
L Aouinti1, FDS Boukraa2, S Chirane2 and S Mohand Arab2 1 Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry (LCP), University of Sciences and Technology Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO.MB), B.P. 1505 El Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria 2 Laboratory of Physics-Chemistry of Materials (L.P.C.M): Catalyse and Environment, University of Sciences and Technology Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO.MB), B.P. 1505 El Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
L Aouinti1, FDS boukra2, S chiran2和S Mohand Arab2 1高分子化学实验室(LCP), Oran Mohamed Boudiaf科技大学(USTO.MB), B.P. 1505 El Menaouer, Oran 31000,阿尔及利亚2材料物理化学实验室(L.P.C.M):催化与环境,Oran Mohamed Boudiaf科技大学(USTO.MB), B.P. 1505 El Menaouer, Oran 31000
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引用次数: 4
Analysis and Accuracy of Experimental Methods 实验方法的分析与准确性
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000145
M. Higazy
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引用次数: 1
Iran, the Key Player of Transition 伊朗,转型的关键角色
Pub Date : 2019-02-26 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000144
Hedayat Omidvar
Natural gas as one the most significant fossil fuels, is playing a crucial role in national energy mix in different countries. Nevertheless, its applications have not been limited to energy providing, and has been used widely as the feed stock in production of different varieties of petrochemicals. So that most of new Iranian petrochemical complexes are designed and constructed based on natural gas feed. Natural gas was firstly produced as one of the byproducts of crude oil and mostly was burned. Gradually along with increasing volumes of extracted natural gas, planning on gathering and using associated gas resulted in more usage of natural gas in different sectors including petrochemical feed and fuel. Following the developments, National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) was established in 1965 as one of the subsidiaries of the petroleum ministry with initial capital of 25 million Rials [1]. Since its establishment, NIGC has gradually achieved capabilities and managed to have access to various sources and facilities such as experts and efficient human resources equipped with scientific and theoretical vision and knowledge, tools, equipment, machinery and various advanced workshops for implementing its operations proportionate with the economic and social development trend of the country, so that it can independently accomplish all the related tasks complying with the valid international acceptable standards. Today, NIGC as one of the 4 main subsidiaries of the petroleum ministry is supplying more than 75 percent of total energy in the country as well as the feed stock for tens of petrochemical and industrial complexes around the country. The company is also operating one of the biggest high pressure gas transmission and distribution networks of the world facilitating export, import, transit and swap of natural gas in the country. In the point of natural gas treatment and supply, the company has the first position in the Middle East and is considered as one of major gas companies around the world. At the time being, the number of the NIGC permanent staff is more than19000 official staff and more than 19300 total staff [2].
天然气作为最重要的化石燃料之一,在各国能源结构中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,它的应用并不局限于提供能源,并已被广泛用作生产不同品种的石化产品的原料。因此,大多数新的伊朗石化综合设施都是以天然气为原料设计和建造的。天然气最初是作为原油的副产品之一生产的,大部分是燃烧。随着天然气采出量的增加,对伴生气的收集和使用的规划导致天然气在不同部门的使用增加,包括石化原料和燃料。随着事态的发展,伊朗国家天然气公司(NIGC)成立于1965年,是石油部的子公司之一,初始资本为2500万里亚尔[1]。自成立以来,NIGC逐步具备了与国家经济和社会发展趋势相适应的能力,并设法获得了各种来源和设施,如专家和具有科学和理论视野和知识的高效人力资源、工具、设备、机器和各种先进车间,以实施其业务。使其能够独立完成所有符合有效的国际公认标准的相关任务。今天,NIGC作为石油部的4个主要子公司之一,为全国提供超过75%的总能源,并为全国数十家石化和工业综合体提供原料。该公司还经营着世界上最大的高压天然气输配网络之一,促进了该国天然气的出口、进口、运输和交换。在天然气处理和供应方面,该公司在中东地区处于领先地位,被认为是世界主要天然气公司之一。目前,NIGC正式员工人数超过19000人,总员工人数超过19300人[2]。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction to Smart Oil and Gas Wells: Drilling, Completion and Monitoring Solutions 智能油气井简介:钻井、完井和监测解决方案
Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.18689/ijpr-1000143
A. Taha, M. Amani
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引用次数: 2
Prospection techniques for Oil and shale gas 石油和页岩气勘探技术
Pub Date : 2019-01-30 DOI: 10.18689/ijpr-1000142
N. Domingues
Portugal is under an intensive foreign interest in exploration for oil and shale gas. The interest is onshore and offshore. There are several contracts signed for prospection by fracking. After the developments in Algarve area in October, the focus is now on the triangle formed by Figueira da Foz, Peniche and Fatima Shrine. Citizens are divided, but many assume that knowing the endogenous energy potential can be positive to reduce external dependency, security of supply and increase exports. The main general concern is the Environmental and Social impact of the prospection based on this method. This paper presents and reflects on alternatives for the fracking technique. There are several alternatives of the fracking technique that can be considered when prospecting in populated areas, such as inside rural areas. Also, these techniques can be considered in areas with economic activities based on water consumption, such as agriculture and fishery. These techniques have greater respect for the population and their activities. The incremental costs of such alternatives are not so high that could jeopardize profits for companies. Also, these techniques don’t delay in time the projected works.
外国对葡萄牙的石油和页岩气勘探兴趣浓厚。利息是在岸和离岸的。已经签订了几份利用水力压裂法进行勘探的合同。在10月份阿尔加维地区的发展之后,现在的重点是由Figueira da Foz, Peniche和Fatima Shrine组成的三角形。民众意见不一,但许多人认为,了解国内能源潜力对减少对外依赖、保障供应和增加出口有积极作用。普遍关注的主要问题是基于这种方法的勘探对环境和社会的影响。本文对压裂技术的替代方案进行了介绍和思考。在人口稠密地区(如农村地区)进行勘探时,可以考虑几种压裂技术的替代方案。此外,这些技术也可用于农业和渔业等以用水为基础的经济活动领域。这些技术更加尊重人口及其活动。这些替代方案的增量成本不会高到危及公司利润的程度。此外,这些技术不会延迟计划工作的时间。
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引用次数: 2
Measures of harm from heavy metal contents (Lead and Cadmium) in Womenʼs Lipstick and Lipgloss in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa state, Nigeria 尼日利亚巴耶尔萨州叶纳戈阿市妇女口红和唇彩中重金属含量(铅和镉)危害的测量
Pub Date : 2018-12-24 DOI: 10.18689/ijpr-1000141
Omidiji Adedoyin O Raimi Morufu Olalekan, T. V. Odubo, Raimi Morufu Olalekan
Despite the glittering appeal of cosmetics, their public health risk continues to mount. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Union’s Restriction on Hazardous Substances (ROHS) reported that some cosmetic materials used by humans especially women contain hazardous substances. The aim of this research is to assess the public health risk in certain brands of lipsticks and lipglosses sold at Yenagoa metropolis. This study focuses only on the presence of lead and cadmium in randomly selected lipsticks and lipglosses. 10 samples of different brands made from different countries were randomly selected for analysis. The samples were analyzed according to standardized international protocols by wet digestion method, by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The highest concentration of lead and cadmium was detected in the lipsticks while the lipglosses contain no lead and cadmium. The safety assessment of cosmetic products is a complex issue that is not only affected by scientific questions, but should be monitored by the responsible regulatory organizations, as well as consumers, health ministry and the government for health risks. The study concludes that there is need for more women advocacy and studies on other brands of cosmetics be assess for risks of heavy metal toxicity.
尽管化妆品有着耀眼的吸引力,但它们的公共健康风险仍在不断增加。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)和欧盟有害物质限制(ROHS)报告称,人类特别是女性使用的一些化妆品材料含有有害物质。本研究的目的是评估在耶纳戈阿市销售的某些品牌的口红和唇膏的公众健康风险。这项研究只关注随机选择的口红和唇膏中铅和镉的存在。随机抽取10个不同国家不同品牌的样品进行分析。采用原子吸收分光光度法,湿消解法对样品进行分析。口红中铅和镉的含量最高,而唇膏中不含铅和镉。化妆品的安全性评估是一个复杂的问题,不仅受到科学问题的影响,而且应该由负责的监管机构以及消费者、卫生部和政府对健康风险进行监督。该研究的结论是,有必要对女性进行更多的宣传,并对其他品牌的化妆品进行重金属毒性风险评估。
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引用次数: 6
Variants of Specific Surfaces in the Bakoven Member: Union Springs Formation of the Marcellus Subgroup in Central New York State (USA) Bakoven成员中特定表面的变异:美国纽约州中部Marcellus亚群的Union Springs组
Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18689/IJPR-1000140
Fosu-Duah Evelyn Love, E. Padmanabhan, D Jeffery Overs, J. A. G. Vintaned
The variants of specific surfaces of 40 samples from the Bakoven Member of the Union Springs formation have been studied using physicochemical methods. Variations in the specific surface areas were attributed to differences in the quantities of clay minerals as well as organic matter content and types. The 2:1 clay minerals like illite and smectite were the main contributors of specific surface areas due to their large intracrystalline surfaces. Low external surface areas reported in some samples might be due to either the competition of adsorptive sites for nitrogen molecules with organic matter or the organic matter blocking of some adsorptive sites and micropores on the sample surface. The opposite is true for most of the samples that reported high TOC values suggesting that organic matter might have provided additional sorption sites for the polar compound but further study is needed to clarify. An excellent positive relationship between surface area and total organic carbon suggested that most organic matter in the samples are adsorbed.
利用物理化学方法研究了联合泉地层Bakoven段40个样品的特定表面的变化。比表面积的变化归因于粘土矿物的数量以及有机质含量和类型的差异。2:1粘土矿物如伊利石和蒙脱石由于其较大的晶内表面积是比表面积的主要贡献者。在一些样品中报道的低外表面积可能是由于氮分子的吸附位点与有机物竞争或有机物阻塞了样品表面的一些吸附位点和微孔。大多数报告高TOC值的样品的情况正好相反,这表明有机物可能为极性化合物提供了额外的吸附位点,但需要进一步的研究来澄清。表面面积与总有机碳呈极好的正相关关系,表明样品中的大部分有机物被吸附。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Petrochemistry and Research
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