Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122211
Zahraa Chreim, Hussein Hazimeh, Hassan Harb, Fouad Hannoun, Karl Daher, E. Mugellini, Omar Abou Khaled
Search engines are among the most popular web services on the World Wide Web. They facilitate the process of finding information using a query-result mechanism. However, results returned by search engines contain many duplications. In this paper, we introduce a new content-type-based similarity computation method to address this problem. Our approach divides the webpage into different types of content, such as title, subtitles, body, etc. Then, we find for each type a suitable similarity measure. Next, we add the different calculated similarity scores to get the final similarity score between the two documents, using a weighted formula. Finally, we suggest a new graph-based algorithm to cluster search results according to their similarity. We empirically evaluated our results with the Agglomerative Clustering, and we achieved about 61% reduction in web pages, 0.2757 Silhouette coefficient, 0.1269 Davies Bouldin Score, and 85 Calinski Harabasz Score.
{"title":"Reduce++: Unsupervised Content-Based Approach for Duplicate Result Detection in Search Engines","authors":"Zahraa Chreim, Hussein Hazimeh, Hassan Harb, Fouad Hannoun, Karl Daher, E. Mugellini, Omar Abou Khaled","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122211","url":null,"abstract":"Search engines are among the most popular web services on the World Wide Web. They facilitate the process of finding information using a query-result mechanism. However, results returned by search engines contain many duplications. In this paper, we introduce a new content-type-based similarity computation method to address this problem. Our approach divides the webpage into different types of content, such as title, subtitles, body, etc. Then, we find for each type a suitable similarity measure. Next, we add the different calculated similarity scores to get the final similarity score between the two documents, using a weighted formula. Finally, we suggest a new graph-based algorithm to cluster search results according to their similarity. We empirically evaluated our results with the Agglomerative Clustering, and we achieved about 61% reduction in web pages, 0.2757 Silhouette coefficient, 0.1269 Davies Bouldin Score, and 85 Calinski Harabasz Score.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114519319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122213
Olegs Carkovs, Dr. oec
The present work "synchronizes" the achievements in various fields of natural science (mathematics, cybernetics, information theory, sociology, economics and history) to understand the modern picture of the world. The conceptual model proposed in the paper is simplified and serves to illustrate certain socioeconomic processes of the past and present. Undoubtedly, there is a "confirmation bias", since there is an element of subjectivism in every analysis. It can only be overcome by constructive criticism, not by ignoring facts, rejecting mathematical proofs and denying logical conclusions, for "Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored" ( Aldous Huxley).
{"title":"Historical Dynamic Modeling (Simulation Experience)","authors":"Olegs Carkovs, Dr. oec","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122213","url":null,"abstract":"The present work \"synchronizes\" the achievements in various fields of natural science (mathematics, cybernetics, information theory, sociology, economics and history) to understand the modern picture of the world. The conceptual model proposed in the paper is simplified and serves to illustrate certain socioeconomic processes of the past and present. Undoubtedly, there is a \"confirmation bias\", since there is an element of subjectivism in every analysis. It can only be overcome by constructive criticism, not by ignoring facts, rejecting mathematical proofs and denying logical conclusions, for \"Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored\" ( Aldous Huxley).","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125243856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122210
Zainab Albujasim, D. Inkpen, Yuhong Guo
Word embedding is the foundation of modern language processing (NLP). In the last few decades, word representation has evolved remarkably resulting in an impressive performance in NLP downstream applications. Yet, word embedding's interpretability remains a challenge. In this paper, We propose a simple technique to interpret word embedding. Our method is based on post-processing technique to improve the quality of word embedding and reveal the hidden structure in these embeddings. We deploy Co-clustering method to reveal the hidden structure of word embedding and detect sub-matrices between word meaning and specific dimensions. Empirical evaluation on several benchmarks shows that our method achieves competitive results compared to original word embedding.
{"title":"Word Embedding Interpretation using Co-Clustering","authors":"Zainab Albujasim, D. Inkpen, Yuhong Guo","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122210","url":null,"abstract":"Word embedding is the foundation of modern language processing (NLP). In the last few decades, word representation has evolved remarkably resulting in an impressive performance in NLP downstream applications. Yet, word embedding's interpretability remains a challenge. In this paper, We propose a simple technique to interpret word embedding. Our method is based on post-processing technique to improve the quality of word embedding and reveal the hidden structure in these embeddings. We deploy Co-clustering method to reveal the hidden structure of word embedding and detect sub-matrices between word meaning and specific dimensions. Empirical evaluation on several benchmarks shows that our method achieves competitive results compared to original word embedding.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128972534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122208
Bibekananda Panda, Poonam Singh
The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approaches have increasingly attracted much interest. It has also been a potential method for wireless communication systems beyond the fifth generation (5G). The successive interference cancellation (SIC) procedure in NOMA systems is often carried out at the receiver, where several users are sequentially decoded. The successful detection of prior users will significantly influence the detection accuracy due to the effects of interferences. A deep learning-based NOMA receiver is analyzed to detect signals for multiple users in a single application without determining channels. This paper analyzes deep learning (DL)- based receiver for NOMA signal detection concerning several DL-aided sequence layersbased algorithms and optimizers by training orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The simulation outcomes illustrate the various DL-based receiver characteristics using the traditional SIC approach. It also demonstrates that the effect of the different DL-based models is more predictable than the SIC approach.
{"title":"A Deep Learning Framework for Predicting Signals in OFDM-NOMA with various Algorithms","authors":"Bibekananda Panda, Poonam Singh","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122208","url":null,"abstract":"The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approaches have increasingly attracted much interest. It has also been a potential method for wireless communication systems beyond the fifth generation (5G). The successive interference cancellation (SIC) procedure in NOMA systems is often carried out at the receiver, where several users are sequentially decoded. The successful detection of prior users will significantly influence the detection accuracy due to the effects of interferences. A deep learning-based NOMA receiver is analyzed to detect signals for multiple users in a single application without determining channels. This paper analyzes deep learning (DL)- based receiver for NOMA signal detection concerning several DL-aided sequence layersbased algorithms and optimizers by training orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The simulation outcomes illustrate the various DL-based receiver characteristics using the traditional SIC approach. It also demonstrates that the effect of the different DL-based models is more predictable than the SIC approach.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122204
Samira Sorayassa, M. Ahmadi
Tangent Hyperbolic (Tanh) has been used as a preferred activation function in implementing a multi-layer neural network. The differentiability of this function makes it suitable for derivativebased learning algorithm such as error back propagation technique. In this paper two different memory-based techniques for accurate approximation and digital implementation of the Tanh function using Look Up Table (LUT) and Range Addressable Look Up Table (RALUT) are given. A thorough comparative study of the two techniques in terms of their hardware resource usage on FPGA and their accuracies are explained. The schematic of the synthesized design for special cased are given as an example.
{"title":"A Memory Based Approach for Digital Implementation of Tanh using LUT and RALUT","authors":"Samira Sorayassa, M. Ahmadi","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122204","url":null,"abstract":"Tangent Hyperbolic (Tanh) has been used as a preferred activation function in implementing a multi-layer neural network. The differentiability of this function makes it suitable for derivativebased learning algorithm such as error back propagation technique. In this paper two different memory-based techniques for accurate approximation and digital implementation of the Tanh function using Look Up Table (LUT) and Range Addressable Look Up Table (RALUT) are given. A thorough comparative study of the two techniques in terms of their hardware resource usage on FPGA and their accuracies are explained. The schematic of the synthesized design for special cased are given as an example.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127028150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122207
Pekka Koskela, A. Karinsalo, Jori P. Paananen, Laura Salmela
Since the mid-2000s, the digitalisation of border checks has often referred to the increased adoption of automated border control (ABC) solutions at border crossing points in all border environments from air- ports and seaports to land border crossings. Key prerequisites for the operational implementations of the so-called eGates have been the electronic machine-readable travel document together with biometric technologies that have facilitated the automation of much of the tasks performed by border guards at manual control booths for selected groups of nationalities. Now, the next wave of major changes is emerging with the development of electronic identification (eID), with certain implementations particularly designed for crossborder use cases supplementing and possibly replacing the traditional physical identity document in a long-term future. The evolution of eID strongly aligns with the increased demands for data privacy to ensure that individuals can better control how much information is shared about themselves, with whom and for what purpose. One possible technology to provide the so-called data self-sovereignty is distributed ledger technology (DLT), including blockchains. DLT is being developed for instance by the Linux foundation, dispensing several distributed ledger projects and associated solutions for digital and self-sovereign identity. One of these projects is Hyperledger Indy. In this study, we present a distributed ledger implementation based on Hyperledger Indy applied as a border check use case. Our aim is to investigate the suitability of DLT in providing data self-sovereign facility in border checks, and to discuss the benefits and disadvantages the technology might entail for this security domain.
{"title":"Streamline Border Control with Blockchain Towards Self-Sovereign Identity","authors":"Pekka Koskela, A. Karinsalo, Jori P. Paananen, Laura Salmela","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122207","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-2000s, the digitalisation of border checks has often referred to the increased adoption of automated border control (ABC) solutions at border crossing points in all border environments from air- ports and seaports to land border crossings. Key prerequisites for the operational implementations of the so-called eGates have been the electronic machine-readable travel document together with biometric technologies that have facilitated the automation of much of the tasks performed by border guards at manual control booths for selected groups of nationalities. Now, the next wave of major changes is emerging with the development of electronic identification (eID), with certain implementations particularly designed for crossborder use cases supplementing and possibly replacing the traditional physical identity document in a long-term future. The evolution of eID strongly aligns with the increased demands for data privacy to ensure that individuals can better control how much information is shared about themselves, with whom and for what purpose. One possible technology to provide the so-called data self-sovereignty is distributed ledger technology (DLT), including blockchains. DLT is being developed for instance by the Linux foundation, dispensing several distributed ledger projects and associated solutions for digital and self-sovereign identity. One of these projects is Hyperledger Indy. In this study, we present a distributed ledger implementation based on Hyperledger Indy applied as a border check use case. Our aim is to investigate the suitability of DLT in providing data self-sovereign facility in border checks, and to discuss the benefits and disadvantages the technology might entail for this security domain.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129384518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122212
Nasrin Imanpour, S. A. Salehi
Stochastic computing (SC) provides a fault-tolerant and low-cost alternative to conventional binary computing (BC). The capacity of SC to implement complex mathematical functions with simple logic gates creates a path toward the design of efficient hardware architectures. This paper presents a new methodology for the hardware implementation of servomotor controller using SC. We design SC circuits using both quadrature decoder and efficient decoder for implementing servo controller and compare them with traditional BC-based servo controller. The quadrature decoder requires more hardware resources than efficient decoder but can provide position information in PWM form. The FPGA implementation result shows that, compared to BC-based design, quadrature decoder-based design achieves 56.7% savings in area and 33.33% savings in power consumption, and efficient decoder-based design achieves 73.7% savings in area and 33.33% savings in power consumption.
{"title":"Efficient Stochastic Computing-based Circuits for Servomotor Controllers","authors":"Nasrin Imanpour, S. A. Salehi","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122212","url":null,"abstract":"Stochastic computing (SC) provides a fault-tolerant and low-cost alternative to conventional binary computing (BC). The capacity of SC to implement complex mathematical functions with simple logic gates creates a path toward the design of efficient hardware architectures. This paper presents a new methodology for the hardware implementation of servomotor controller using SC. We design SC circuits using both quadrature decoder and efficient decoder for implementing servo controller and compare them with traditional BC-based servo controller. The quadrature decoder requires more hardware resources than efficient decoder but can provide position information in PWM form. The FPGA implementation result shows that, compared to BC-based design, quadrature decoder-based design achieves 56.7% savings in area and 33.33% savings in power consumption, and efficient decoder-based design achieves 73.7% savings in area and 33.33% savings in power consumption.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123903616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122209
In the age of Apps, there has been a widespread proliferation of Learning Apps (LA). Almost every educational institution has been affected since the pandemic. The research indicates that such apps are highly effective for the so-called 'touch-screen' generation in a variety of contexts. Data on LA's performance show that they are associated with compelling increases in student achievement. Recognizing the significance, it is suggested that teachers and other caretakers become involved in this new trend of mobile learning. Despite this, experts generally highlight issues concerning their effectiveness. As a result, we observe the emergence of several design paradigms, having no or little theoretical bases. Even though businesses grow, and new tools and technology are developed, there isn't a good app design strategy based on accepted didactics. Realizing this, we suggest a Pedagogic-Object-Oriented Approach based on critical & qualitative review methodology to the design and development of LAs, building on the idea of IEEE learning objects and the success of the object-oriented paradigm. Current app developers may find the proposed method helpful as they strive to create really instructive and user-friendly apps for digitods students.
{"title":"Object-Oriented Design of Learning Apps","authors":"","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122209","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of Apps, there has been a widespread proliferation of Learning Apps (LA). Almost every educational institution has been affected since the pandemic. The research indicates that such apps are highly effective for the so-called 'touch-screen' generation in a variety of contexts. Data on LA's performance show that they are associated with compelling increases in student achievement. Recognizing the significance, it is suggested that teachers and other caretakers become involved in this new trend of mobile learning. Despite this, experts generally highlight issues concerning their effectiveness. As a result, we observe the emergence of several design paradigms, having no or little theoretical bases. Even though businesses grow, and new tools and technology are developed, there isn't a good app design strategy based on accepted didactics. Realizing this, we suggest a Pedagogic-Object-Oriented Approach based on critical & qualitative review methodology to the design and development of LAs, building on the idea of IEEE learning objects and the success of the object-oriented paradigm. Current app developers may find the proposed method helpful as they strive to create really instructive and user-friendly apps for digitods students.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128752267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122205
C. Guyeux
For a number of years now, the regional fire department centers have been recording their interventions numerically. Such databases are under- utilized and are mainly used for statistical andmanagement purposes. However, such a history of interventions can be very useful, if used in conjunction with artificial intelligence algorithms, for predictive purposes. Such work has recently been done in France through a series of articles investigatingthe various aspects of the problem, and has been put into production at the Doubs center. The objective of this review is to take stock of all the workthat has been done so far, to list the successes andthe stumbling blocks, and to draw up a roadmap on this theme for the years to come.
{"title":"Predictions in Pre-Hospital Emergency Transport in France: A State of the Art","authors":"C. Guyeux","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122205","url":null,"abstract":"For a number of years now, the regional fire department centers have been recording their interventions numerically. Such databases are under- utilized and are mainly used for statistical andmanagement purposes. However, such a history of interventions can be very useful, if used in conjunction with artificial intelligence algorithms, for predictive purposes. Such work has recently been done in France through a series of articles investigatingthe various aspects of the problem, and has been put into production at the Doubs center. The objective of this review is to take stock of all the workthat has been done so far, to list the successes andthe stumbling blocks, and to draw up a roadmap on this theme for the years to come.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129756808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.5121/csit.2022.122201
R. Sabre
This work studies the estimation of spectral density for random field (two-dimensional signal) when the spectral measure have certain mixture and the process is observed with a constant error. The objective of this paper is to give an estimator of the constant error by using the Jackson polynomial kernel. We show that the rate of convergence depends of size of sample and the behaviours of the spectral density at origin. Indeed the estimator converges rapidly when the spectral density is null at origin. Few long memory signals are taken here as example.
{"title":"Alpha Stable Random Fields and Additive Error","authors":"R. Sabre","doi":"10.5121/csit.2022.122201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122201","url":null,"abstract":"This work studies the estimation of spectral density for random field (two-dimensional signal) when the spectral measure have certain mixture and the process is observed with a constant error. The objective of this paper is to give an estimator of the constant error by using the Jackson polynomial kernel. We show that the rate of convergence depends of size of sample and the behaviours of the spectral density at origin. Indeed the estimator converges rapidly when the spectral density is null at origin. Few long memory signals are taken here as example.","PeriodicalId":153862,"journal":{"name":"Signal Processing and Vision","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124780554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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