Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0559
S. Ricci, D. Vilkomerson, R. Matera, P. Tortoli
The peak blood velocity is used in important diagnostic applications, e.g. for determining the stenosis degree. The peak velocity is typically assessed by detecting the highest frequency in the Doppler spectrum. The selected frequency is then converted to velocity by the Doppler equation. This procedure contains multiple potential sources of error: the peak frequency selection is sensitive to noise and affected by spectral broadening, and the frequency to velocity conversion is altered by the Doppler angle uncertainty. The result is an inaccurate estimate. In this work we propose a new method that removes the aforementioned errors. By exploiting a mathematical model of the Doppler spectrum the exact frequency to be converted to velocity, with no need of broadening compensation, is determined. The angle ambiguity is solved by calculating the Doppler spectra backscattered from two different receive apertures. The proposed methods uses, in transmission and receive, defocused steered waves that produce a wide sample volume. This includes the whole vessel section making the probe positioning quick and easy. The method, validated through Field II simulations and phantom experiments, featured a mean error lower than 1%.
{"title":"An improved method of determining peak blood velocity","authors":"S. Ricci, D. Vilkomerson, R. Matera, P. Tortoli","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0559","url":null,"abstract":"The peak blood velocity is used in important diagnostic applications, e.g. for determining the stenosis degree. The peak velocity is typically assessed by detecting the highest frequency in the Doppler spectrum. The selected frequency is then converted to velocity by the Doppler equation. This procedure contains multiple potential sources of error: the peak frequency selection is sensitive to noise and affected by spectral broadening, and the frequency to velocity conversion is altered by the Doppler angle uncertainty. The result is an inaccurate estimate. In this work we propose a new method that removes the aforementioned errors. By exploiting a mathematical model of the Doppler spectrum the exact frequency to be converted to velocity, with no need of broadening compensation, is determined. The angle ambiguity is solved by calculating the Doppler spectra backscattered from two different receive apertures. The proposed methods uses, in transmission and receive, defocused steered waves that produce a wide sample volume. This includes the whole vessel section making the probe positioning quick and easy. The method, validated through Field II simulations and phantom experiments, featured a mean error lower than 1%.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133261740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0259
K. Masuda, N. Hosaka, R. Koda, Shinya Miyazawa, T. Mochizuki
We have ever reported the method to produce three-dimensional acoustic force field to prevent microbubbles dispersing in flow. However, because produced acoustic force worked only to propel microbubbles in the direction of propagation of ultrasound, there was a limitation in direction to affect the behavior of microbubbles. In this research we examined to produce attractive force toward the transducer by considering phase variation of acoustic field. We used a flat matrix array transducer including 64 PZT elements, which was specially developed to produce a continuous wave. We prepared a T-form bifurcation model as artificial blood vessel, which was difficult to control the course of microbubbles. We produced an acoustic field of two focal points with opposite phase, where the middle of the points covers the bifurcation. As the results, when microbubbles suspension (average diameter of 4 um, density of 2.35 μl/ml) was injected with velocity of 40 mm/s, we confirmed that microbubbles aggregations were produced before reaching the bifurcation point and entered the bifurcation to be propelled to the desired path, where the course of microbubbles corresponded to the middle of the two focal points.
{"title":"Active induction of microbubbles in flow at T-form bifurcation through acoustic focal points with phase variation","authors":"K. Masuda, N. Hosaka, R. Koda, Shinya Miyazawa, T. Mochizuki","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0259","url":null,"abstract":"We have ever reported the method to produce three-dimensional acoustic force field to prevent microbubbles dispersing in flow. However, because produced acoustic force worked only to propel microbubbles in the direction of propagation of ultrasound, there was a limitation in direction to affect the behavior of microbubbles. In this research we examined to produce attractive force toward the transducer by considering phase variation of acoustic field. We used a flat matrix array transducer including 64 PZT elements, which was specially developed to produce a continuous wave. We prepared a T-form bifurcation model as artificial blood vessel, which was difficult to control the course of microbubbles. We produced an acoustic field of two focal points with opposite phase, where the middle of the points covers the bifurcation. As the results, when microbubbles suspension (average diameter of 4 um, density of 2.35 μl/ml) was injected with velocity of 40 mm/s, we confirmed that microbubbles aggregations were produced before reaching the bifurcation point and entered the bifurcation to be propelled to the desired path, where the course of microbubbles corresponded to the middle of the two focal points.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128889649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0100
Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Rahul S. Singh, G. Saddik, Ashkan Maccabi, W. Melega, M. Culjat, W. Grundfest
Studies with low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) and other related techniques have recently demonstrated the potential for ultrasound to reversibly modulate neural circuits in a number of different in vivo models. However, accurate acoustic targeting can be complicated by the attenuation and distortion of the acoustic beam during transcranial passage through the cranium. This can potentially complicate basic studies of the effects of targeted ultrasonic neurostimulation. An alternative intervention strategy is to develop ultrasonic neurostimulator probes small enough to be minimally-invasively implanted directly adjacent to target neural structures. Two different configurations of PZT-based low frequency microtransducers were designed, fabricated, and evaluated for such a strategy. Acoustic testing demonstrated evenly collimated acoustic radiation profiles, and a pilot study in a small animal model demonstrated the overall feasibility of this approach.
{"title":"Design of a minimally invasive low-frequency microtransducer for ultrasonic neuromodulation","authors":"Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Rahul S. Singh, G. Saddik, Ashkan Maccabi, W. Melega, M. Culjat, W. Grundfest","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0100","url":null,"abstract":"Studies with low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) and other related techniques have recently demonstrated the potential for ultrasound to reversibly modulate neural circuits in a number of different in vivo models. However, accurate acoustic targeting can be complicated by the attenuation and distortion of the acoustic beam during transcranial passage through the cranium. This can potentially complicate basic studies of the effects of targeted ultrasonic neurostimulation. An alternative intervention strategy is to develop ultrasonic neurostimulator probes small enough to be minimally-invasively implanted directly adjacent to target neural structures. Two different configurations of PZT-based low frequency microtransducers were designed, fabricated, and evaluated for such a strategy. Acoustic testing demonstrated evenly collimated acoustic radiation profiles, and a pilot study in a small animal model demonstrated the overall feasibility of this approach.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0040
L. Lipiainen, K. Kokkonen, S. Novotny, I. Shavrin, H. Ludvigsen, M. Kaivola
We present phase-sensitive absolute amplitude measurements of surface vibrations in microacoustic devices using a supercontinuum based stroboscopic white-light interferometer. The setup enables full-field characterization of out-of-plane vibration fields down to sub-100 pm amplitudes and up to GHz range, the highest detectable frequency limited only by the duration of the 300 ps light pulses. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by measuring a vibration field in a square-plate silicon MEMS resonator at a 3.4 MHz resonance. The maximum vibration amplitude was measured to be 40 nm, and a minimum detectable amplitude limit of less than 100 pm was obtained.
{"title":"Full-field characterization of surface vibrations in microacoustic components by supercontinuum laser stroboscopic white-light interferometry","authors":"L. Lipiainen, K. Kokkonen, S. Novotny, I. Shavrin, H. Ludvigsen, M. Kaivola","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0040","url":null,"abstract":"We present phase-sensitive absolute amplitude measurements of surface vibrations in microacoustic devices using a supercontinuum based stroboscopic white-light interferometer. The setup enables full-field characterization of out-of-plane vibration fields down to sub-100 pm amplitudes and up to GHz range, the highest detectable frequency limited only by the duration of the 300 ps light pulses. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by measuring a vibration field in a square-plate silicon MEMS resonator at a 3.4 MHz resonance. The maximum vibration amplitude was measured to be 40 nm, and a minimum detectable amplitude limit of less than 100 pm was obtained.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131289871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0082
J. Jensen, A. Brandt, M. Nielsen
In-vivo VFI scans obtained from the abdomen of a human volunteer using a convex array transducers and transverse oscillation vector flow imaging (VFI) are presented. A 3 MHz BK Medical 8820e (Herlev, Denmark) 192-element convex array probe is used with the SARUS experimental ultrasound scanner. A sequence with a 129-line B-mode image is followed by a VFI sequence in 17 directions with 32 emissions in each direction. The pulse repetition frequency was set to 5 kHz, and the intensity and MI were measured with the Acoustic Intensity Measurement System AIMS III (Onda, Sunnyvale, California, USA). The derated Ispta.3 was 79.7 mW/m2 and MI was 1.32, which are within FDA limits for abdominal scans. The right liver lobe of a 28-year healthy volunteer was scanned with a view of the main portal vein and vena cava inferior at a frame rate of 7.4 Hz. Thirty frames were acquired, giving 4 seconds of data. For this volunteer the duration corresponded to roughly 3 heartbeats. The velocities were found at a beam-to-flow angle of 72 ± 21°, where a conventional CFM scan would yield poor results. Three VF images from the same position in the cardiac cycle were investigated and the mean lateral velocities were -0.079, -0.081 and -0.080 m/s showing the consistence of the in-vivo results.
使用凸阵列换能器和横向振荡矢量流成像(VFI)从人类志愿者的腹部获得体内VFI扫描。SARUS实验超声扫描仪采用3mhz BK Medical 8820e (Herlev, Denmark) 192单元凸阵列探头。一个序列有129行b模式图像，之后是一个VFI序列在17个方向上，每个方向有32个发射。脉冲重复频率设置为5 kHz，使用声强测量系统AIMS III (Onda, Sunnyvale, California, USA)测量强度和MI。降阶Ispta.3为79.7 mW/m2, MI为1.32，均在FDA对腹部扫描的限制范围内。以7.4 Hz的帧率扫描28岁健康志愿者的右肝叶，观察门静脉主静脉和下腔静脉。采集30帧，给出4秒的数据。对于这个志愿者来说，持续时间大约相当于3次心跳。在流束角为72±21°的情况下，常规CFM扫描的结果很差。研究了心周期同一位置的三幅VF图像，平均横向速度为-0.079，-0.081和-0.080 m/s，显示了体内结果的一致性。
{"title":"In-vivo convex array vector flow imaging","authors":"J. Jensen, A. Brandt, M. Nielsen","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0082","url":null,"abstract":"In-vivo VFI scans obtained from the abdomen of a human volunteer using a convex array transducers and transverse oscillation vector flow imaging (VFI) are presented. A 3 MHz BK Medical 8820e (Herlev, Denmark) 192-element convex array probe is used with the SARUS experimental ultrasound scanner. A sequence with a 129-line B-mode image is followed by a VFI sequence in 17 directions with 32 emissions in each direction. The pulse repetition frequency was set to 5 kHz, and the intensity and MI were measured with the Acoustic Intensity Measurement System AIMS III (Onda, Sunnyvale, California, USA). The derated Ispta.3 was 79.7 mW/m2 and MI was 1.32, which are within FDA limits for abdominal scans. The right liver lobe of a 28-year healthy volunteer was scanned with a view of the main portal vein and vena cava inferior at a frame rate of 7.4 Hz. Thirty frames were acquired, giving 4 seconds of data. For this volunteer the duration corresponded to roughly 3 heartbeats. The velocities were found at a beam-to-flow angle of 72 ± 21°, where a conventional CFM scan would yield poor results. Three VF images from the same position in the cardiac cycle were investigated and the mean lateral velocities were -0.079, -0.081 and -0.080 m/s showing the consistence of the in-vivo results.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131332857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0337
Bo Xiao, R. O’Leary, A. Gachagan, Wenqi Li, T. Burnett
Finite element (FE) simulation of grained material with equiaxed grain distribution is of interest for the virtual prototyping of array structures and the assessment of signal processing algorithms. Construction of such models can be computationally intensive due to the large number of crystallographic orientations required to represent the material. This paper concentrates on analysis and processing of orientation data in order to establish a computationally efficient 2D FE model whilst maintaining appropriate accuracy of the grained structure. Two approaches for orientation processing are proposed and their performances are compared. Parametric studies show that the trade-off between computational overhead and model accuracy will reach the optimal point when Euler space is segmented with a bin size of 15 degree per Euler phase. A transducer array is then incorporated into the FE model to generate B-scan image of the material. The image is compared with experimental equivalent for FE model validation purpose. The minor difference of images proves that the constructed FE model is accurate, highlighting the potential of the proposed methods for application on other equiaxed-grain materials.
{"title":"Accurate finite element model of equiaxed-grain engineering material for ultrasonic inspection","authors":"Bo Xiao, R. O’Leary, A. Gachagan, Wenqi Li, T. Burnett","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0337","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element (FE) simulation of grained material with equiaxed grain distribution is of interest for the virtual prototyping of array structures and the assessment of signal processing algorithms. Construction of such models can be computationally intensive due to the large number of crystallographic orientations required to represent the material. This paper concentrates on analysis and processing of orientation data in order to establish a computationally efficient 2D FE model whilst maintaining appropriate accuracy of the grained structure. Two approaches for orientation processing are proposed and their performances are compared. Parametric studies show that the trade-off between computational overhead and model accuracy will reach the optimal point when Euler space is segmented with a bin size of 15 degree per Euler phase. A transducer array is then incorporated into the FE model to generate B-scan image of the material. The image is compared with experimental equivalent for FE model validation purpose. The minor difference of images proves that the constructed FE model is accurate, highlighting the potential of the proposed methods for application on other equiaxed-grain materials.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115201545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0241
N. Rouze, M. Palmeri, K. Nightingale
We consider the analysis of shear wave dispersion following ARFI excitation in a cohort of 135 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease patients traditionally characterized as “difficult-to-image.” Three analysis methods are considered: (1) measuring k(ω) by locating the maximum signal from the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) of propagating shear wave data, (2) an extension of this method using model-based sums through 2D-FT data, and (3) shear wave spectroscopy. A linear dispersion model is used to characterize the frequency-dependent phase velocity. The analysis methods are evaluated in terms of robustness as determined by the rate of successful measurements in the patient data, and by the degrees of correlation and bias inherent with each method as determined by viscoelastic FEM validation studies. For these patient data and analysis procedures, although the 2D-FT methods are more robust than the shear wave spectroscopy method, they are also systematically biased. Even so, they can be used can be used to characterize the relative viscoelastic properties of liver.
{"title":"Estimation of model parameters characterizing dispersion in ARFI induced shear waves in in vivo human liver","authors":"N. Rouze, M. Palmeri, K. Nightingale","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0241","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the analysis of shear wave dispersion following ARFI excitation in a cohort of 135 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease patients traditionally characterized as “difficult-to-image.” Three analysis methods are considered: (1) measuring k(ω) by locating the maximum signal from the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) of propagating shear wave data, (2) an extension of this method using model-based sums through 2D-FT data, and (3) shear wave spectroscopy. A linear dispersion model is used to characterize the frequency-dependent phase velocity. The analysis methods are evaluated in terms of robustness as determined by the rate of successful measurements in the patient data, and by the degrees of correlation and bias inherent with each method as determined by viscoelastic FEM validation studies. For these patient data and analysis procedures, although the 2D-FT methods are more robust than the shear wave spectroscopy method, they are also systematically biased. Even so, they can be used can be used to characterize the relative viscoelastic properties of liver.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0355
Kristoffer Johansen, Torstein Yddal, S. Kotopoulis, M. Postema
Hydroelectric power is a clean source of energy, providing up to 20% of the World's electricity. Nevertheless, hydroelectric power plants are plagued with a common problem: silt. The silt causes damage to turbine blades, which then require repairing or replacing. In this study, we investigated the possibility to filter micron-sized particles from water using ultrasound. We designed a custom-made flow chamber and performed flow simulations and experiments to evaluate its efficacy. We used a 195-kHz ultrasound transducer operating in continuous-wave mode with acoustic output powers up to 12W. Our acoustic simulations showed that it should be possible to force a 200-μm particle over 2cm in flow, using an acoustic pressure of 12 MPa. Our flow simulations showed, that the fluid flow is not drastically decreased with the flow chamber, which was validated by the experimental measurements. The flow was not reduced when the ultrasound was activated. The acoustic filtering was effective between acoustic powers of 2.6 and 6.4W, where the particle concentration in the clean output was statistically significantly lower than the null experiments.
{"title":"Acoustic filtering of particles in a flow regime","authors":"Kristoffer Johansen, Torstein Yddal, S. Kotopoulis, M. Postema","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0355","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroelectric power is a clean source of energy, providing up to 20% of the World's electricity. Nevertheless, hydroelectric power plants are plagued with a common problem: silt. The silt causes damage to turbine blades, which then require repairing or replacing. In this study, we investigated the possibility to filter micron-sized particles from water using ultrasound. We designed a custom-made flow chamber and performed flow simulations and experiments to evaluate its efficacy. We used a 195-kHz ultrasound transducer operating in continuous-wave mode with acoustic output powers up to 12W. Our acoustic simulations showed that it should be possible to force a 200-μm particle over 2cm in flow, using an acoustic pressure of 12 MPa. Our flow simulations showed, that the fluid flow is not drastically decreased with the flow chamber, which was validated by the experimental measurements. The flow was not reduced when the ultrasound was activated. The acoustic filtering was effective between acoustic powers of 2.6 and 6.4W, where the particle concentration in the clean output was statistically significantly lower than the null experiments.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115512804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0493
N. Patel, D. Branch, S. Cular, E. Schamiloglu
A comparison study between Y+36° lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and 0° X-cut LiNbO3 was performed to evaluate the influence of crystal cut on the performance of a piezoelectric high-voltage (HV) sensor. The acoustic wave propagation time was monitored prior to, during, and after applying three different HV source types to the crystal. Direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), and pulsed voltages were used. Data show that the voltage-induced shift in the acoustic wave propagation time scales quadratically for DC and AC voltage for the X-cut crystal. For the Y+36° LiNbO3 crystal, the acoustic wave arrival time scales linearly with DC voltage and quadratically with AC voltage. When applying 5 μs voltage pulses to the crystal, the voltage-induced shift scales linearly with voltage for both crystal cuts. Data suggest LiNbO3 has a frequency sensitive response to voltage and the influence from the crystal cut is significant when applying AC and pulsed voltage to the crystal.
{"title":"Comparative study of lithium niobate crystal cuts for use as high-voltage acoustic wave sensors","authors":"N. Patel, D. Branch, S. Cular, E. Schamiloglu","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0493","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison study between Y+36° lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and 0° X-cut LiNbO3 was performed to evaluate the influence of crystal cut on the performance of a piezoelectric high-voltage (HV) sensor. The acoustic wave propagation time was monitored prior to, during, and after applying three different HV source types to the crystal. Direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), and pulsed voltages were used. Data show that the voltage-induced shift in the acoustic wave propagation time scales quadratically for DC and AC voltage for the X-cut crystal. For the Y+36° LiNbO3 crystal, the acoustic wave arrival time scales linearly with DC voltage and quadratically with AC voltage. When applying 5 μs voltage pulses to the crystal, the voltage-induced shift scales linearly with voltage for both crystal cuts. Data suggest LiNbO3 has a frequency sensitive response to voltage and the influence from the crystal cut is significant when applying AC and pulsed voltage to the crystal.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124303298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0356
Han Wang, Y. Qiu, C. Démoré, S. Cochran
Recent research in acoustic tweezing has mainly focused on the behaviour of devices for specific applications and the fundamental theories of the forces exerted on the target particles. However, compared to optical tweezers, there have been only limited reports about developments and applications of acoustic tweezers at the system level. This paper outlines a novel design of a multichannel electronics system for ultrasonic particle manipulation applications. The development process of this 16-channel embedded-FPGA ultrasonic signal generation system is described and experimental results are presented based on its use with array-based acoustic tweezing devices (Sonotweezers).
{"title":"FPGA embedded system for ultrasound particle manipulation with Sonotweezers","authors":"Han Wang, Y. Qiu, C. Démoré, S. Cochran","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0356","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research in acoustic tweezing has mainly focused on the behaviour of devices for specific applications and the fundamental theories of the forces exerted on the target particles. However, compared to optical tweezers, there have been only limited reports about developments and applications of acoustic tweezers at the system level. This paper outlines a novel design of a multichannel electronics system for ultrasonic particle manipulation applications. The development process of this 16-channel embedded-FPGA ultrasonic signal generation system is described and experimental results are presented based on its use with array-based acoustic tweezing devices (Sonotweezers).","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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