Pub Date : 1963-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337602
R. Titsworth
By inserting encoded data from several sources into a Boolean function at the transmitter, and using correlation techniques at the receiver, it is shown that a very efficient telemetry or multiple-address system can be devised. The optimum logic is derived and proper channel codes are indicated.
{"title":"A Boolean-Function-Multiplexed Telemetry System","authors":"R. Titsworth","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337602","url":null,"abstract":"By inserting encoded data from several sources into a Boolean function at the transmitter, and using correlation techniques at the receiver, it is shown that a very efficient telemetry or multiple-address system can be devised. The optimum logic is derived and proper channel codes are indicated.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121427337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337590
J. J. Spilker
This paper presents the theory of operation and an evaluation of performance of a delay-lock tracking system for binary signals. The delay-lock discriminator is a nonlinear feedback system which employs a form of cross correlation in the feedback loop and continuously estimates the relative delay between a reference signal and a delayed version of that signal which is perturbed with additive noise. Binary maximal-length, shift-register sequences are used as the signal because they can easily be regenerated with any desired delay and they possess desirable autocorrelation functions. Problems of target search and acquisition are studied. The system performance in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is discussed. Computations are made of the effect of amplitude-limiting the received data on the system noise performance.
{"title":"Delay-Lock Tracking of Binary Signals","authors":"J. J. Spilker","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337590","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the theory of operation and an evaluation of performance of a delay-lock tracking system for binary signals. The delay-lock discriminator is a nonlinear feedback system which employs a form of cross correlation in the feedback loop and continuously estimates the relative delay between a reference signal and a delayed version of that signal which is perturbed with additive noise. Binary maximal-length, shift-register sequences are used as the signal because they can easily be regenerated with any desired delay and they possess desirable autocorrelation functions. Problems of target search and acquisition are studied. The system performance in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is discussed. Computations are made of the effect of amplitude-limiting the received data on the system noise performance.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129104157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337592
S. Paull
In a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) telemetering system, there is a need for a subcarrier oscillator with these characteristics: 1) operating frequency a linear function of a dc input control voltage, 2) high input impedance, 3) square wave output with constant amplitude over the entire frequency range, and 4) frequency stability within one cycle during gated on-off operation. This paper describes a method for controlling the frequency of a square-loop magnetic core oscillator by means of a dc voltage to give a voltage-to-frequency converter with the above characteristics. Various design considerations are discussed; and a voltage controlled oscillator that operates from 15 to 5 kc as the input control voltage varies from 0 to +5 volts is used as the design example.
{"title":"A Magnetic Core Voltage-to-Frequency Converter","authors":"S. Paull","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337592","url":null,"abstract":"In a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) telemetering system, there is a need for a subcarrier oscillator with these characteristics: 1) operating frequency a linear function of a dc input control voltage, 2) high input impedance, 3) square wave output with constant amplitude over the entire frequency range, and 4) frequency stability within one cycle during gated on-off operation. This paper describes a method for controlling the frequency of a square-loop magnetic core oscillator by means of a dc voltage to give a voltage-to-frequency converter with the above characteristics. Various design considerations are discussed; and a voltage controlled oscillator that operates from 15 to 5 kc as the input control voltage varies from 0 to +5 volts is used as the design example.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134621900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337591
J. Develet
The quasi-linearization procedure of Booton is applied to obtain an analytic approximation to phase-lock receiver threshold. Only the situation of an unmodulated sinusoid embedded in additive white Gaussian noise has been considered. The threshold signal-to-noise power ratio in the two-sided loop noise bandwidth of a phase-lock receiver of arbitrary transfer function was found to be 1.34 db. At threshold the rms loop error is 1.0 radian. The special situation of a high gain second-order receiver was also treated. In order to compare the analytical results with possible future measurements, the high S/N bandwidth was chosen as a reference point. Referred to this high S/N bandwidth, the threshold signal-to-noise power ratio of -0.2 db and a corresponding rms loop error of 1.16 radians were derived. The applicability of Booton's linearization procedure to nonlinear systems with statistical inputs has been experimentally verified in control system applications similar in nature to the phase-lock loop with excellent results. It is therefore anticipated that the application to phase-lock loop analysis should yield a mathematical model which describes the system more closely than strictly linear approximations.
{"title":"An Analytic Approximation of Phase-Lock Receiver Threshold","authors":"J. Develet","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337591","url":null,"abstract":"The quasi-linearization procedure of Booton is applied to obtain an analytic approximation to phase-lock receiver threshold. Only the situation of an unmodulated sinusoid embedded in additive white Gaussian noise has been considered. The threshold signal-to-noise power ratio in the two-sided loop noise bandwidth of a phase-lock receiver of arbitrary transfer function was found to be 1.34 db. At threshold the rms loop error is 1.0 radian. The special situation of a high gain second-order receiver was also treated. In order to compare the analytical results with possible future measurements, the high S/N bandwidth was chosen as a reference point. Referred to this high S/N bandwidth, the threshold signal-to-noise power ratio of -0.2 db and a corresponding rms loop error of 1.16 radians were derived. The applicability of Booton's linearization procedure to nonlinear systems with statistical inputs has been experimentally verified in control system applications similar in nature to the phase-lock loop with excellent results. It is therefore anticipated that the application to phase-lock loop analysis should yield a mathematical model which describes the system more closely than strictly linear approximations.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337593
R. Gagliardi
In analog communication studies much attention has recently been given to the apparent advantages of FM transmission with receivers employing feedback frequency tracking. Although theoretical investigation has indicated some carrier power reduction can be obtained over standard FM, it has been difficult to estimate the operating capabilities of the system. In addition, little has been published concerning the best parameter values for the construction of a typical feedback receiver. This paper is devoted to a study of the feedback FM receiver which maximizes power savings over standard FM for a given desired output SNR. System parameters such as transmitter modulation index, loop gain IF bandwidth, and baseband filter bandwidth are specified corresponding to this optimum design. Particular attention is given to the output SNR in the range from 15 db to 50 db where most practical analog systems usually operate. The paper deals only with the feedback loop containing two stages of filtering; design procedure is also given when added constraints are imposed in terms of loop transient response. The possibility of using phase-lock loops as the discriminator within the FM feedback loop is also investigated. Some experimental results are quoted which tend to verify the design techniques.
{"title":"Transmitter Power Reduction with Frequency Tracking FM Receivers","authors":"R. Gagliardi","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337593","url":null,"abstract":"In analog communication studies much attention has recently been given to the apparent advantages of FM transmission with receivers employing feedback frequency tracking. Although theoretical investigation has indicated some carrier power reduction can be obtained over standard FM, it has been difficult to estimate the operating capabilities of the system. In addition, little has been published concerning the best parameter values for the construction of a typical feedback receiver. This paper is devoted to a study of the feedback FM receiver which maximizes power savings over standard FM for a given desired output SNR. System parameters such as transmitter modulation index, loop gain IF bandwidth, and baseband filter bandwidth are specified corresponding to this optimum design. Particular attention is given to the output SNR in the range from 15 db to 50 db where most practical analog systems usually operate. The paper deals only with the feedback loop containing two stages of filtering; design procedure is also given when added constraints are imposed in terms of loop transient response. The possibility of using phase-lock loops as the discriminator within the FM feedback loop is also investigated. Some experimental results are quoted which tend to verify the design techniques.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124425061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337594
P. Shaft
An equation is developed for the distortion of multi-tone FM signals caused by transmission through a network with nonlinear phase characteristics. A simplified form involving only one term is also given and the conditions of its applicability are discussed. The power spectrum of the distortion is derived for the case where the simpler form is valid. Thus, the distortion-to-signal ratio in any frequency band may be obtained. Applications are presented where the results are used to determine equipment linearity specifications and to determine the distortion which results from propagation through the ionosphere.
{"title":"Distortion of Multitone FM Signals Due to Phase Nonlinearity","authors":"P. Shaft","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337594","url":null,"abstract":"An equation is developed for the distortion of multi-tone FM signals caused by transmission through a network with nonlinear phase characteristics. A simplified form involving only one term is also given and the conditions of its applicability are discussed. The power spectrum of the distortion is derived for the case where the simpler form is valid. Thus, the distortion-to-signal ratio in any frequency band may be obtained. Applications are presented where the results are used to determine equipment linearity specifications and to determine the distortion which results from propagation through the ionosphere.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125140350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：