Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1964.4335590
M. G. Pelchat
This paper presents the derivation of exact expressions for the autocorrelation function and power spectrum of PCM/FM or FSK when the frequency modulating waveform is a random sequence of binary pulses of length T. The problem treated is that of true frequency modulation of an oscillator, a process which, except for a few special cases, generates waveforms and spectra different from those produced by sequentially switching between the outputs of two continuously running oscillators. The final expression for the power spectrum is simple and written in closed form. The power spectrum of PCM/FM is dependent on the bit rate fB, usually defined as the reciprocal of T, and the deviation ratio D, defined as the difference between the two possible values of the instantaneous frequency divided by the bit rate. For small values of D(D<.5) the spectrum of PCM/FM has a shape resembling a high-Q resonance curve with a 3-db bandwidth given by ½π fBD2. As D increases, fB being fixed, the resonance curve becomes a poorer approximation, and with D in the vicinity of 0.7 the spectral density is nearly flat across a frequency band equal to the bit rate and drops abruptly on either side of this frequency band. It is interesting to note that a value of D near 0.7 has been found to yield minimum probability of error for given received power and receiver noise temperature. As D increases from 0.7 to 1.
{"title":"The Autocorrelation Function and Power Spectrum of PCM/FM with Random Binary Modulating Waveforms","authors":"M. G. Pelchat","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1964.4335590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1964.4335590","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the derivation of exact expressions for the autocorrelation function and power spectrum of PCM/FM or FSK when the frequency modulating waveform is a random sequence of binary pulses of length T. The problem treated is that of true frequency modulation of an oscillator, a process which, except for a few special cases, generates waveforms and spectra different from those produced by sequentially switching between the outputs of two continuously running oscillators. The final expression for the power spectrum is simple and written in closed form. The power spectrum of PCM/FM is dependent on the bit rate fB, usually defined as the reciprocal of T, and the deviation ratio D, defined as the difference between the two possible values of the instantaneous frequency divided by the bit rate. For small values of D(D<.5) the spectrum of PCM/FM has a shape resembling a high-Q resonance curve with a 3-db bandwidth given by ½π fBD2. As D increases, fB being fixed, the resonance curve becomes a poorer approximation, and with D in the vicinity of 0.7 the spectral density is nearly flat across a frequency band equal to the bit rate and drops abruptly on either side of this frequency band. It is interesting to note that a value of D near 0.7 has been found to yield minimum probability of error for given received power and receiver noise temperature. As D increases from 0.7 to 1.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130888695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1964.4335588
R. Titsworth
This paper provides an analysis of a continuous, coded ranging scheme. By the use of a Boolean function, several "component" sequences are encoded into a transmitted signal. The receiver correlates the delayed return signal with different Boolean combinations of delayed replicas of the components to determine separately the time delay of each component sequence. From these delays, the total delay is computed. By proper choice of encoding logic, number and type of components, and the decoding logics and procedure, the range can be found in a relatively short time. Optimal parameters of this ranging device are derived.
{"title":"Optimal Ranging Codes","authors":"R. Titsworth","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1964.4335588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1964.4335588","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an analysis of a continuous, coded ranging scheme. By the use of a Boolean function, several \"component\" sequences are encoded into a transmitted signal. The receiver correlates the delayed return signal with different Boolean combinations of delayed replicas of the components to determine separately the time delay of each component sequence. From these delays, the total delay is computed. By proper choice of encoding logic, number and type of components, and the decoding logics and procedure, the range can be found in a relatively short time. Optimal parameters of this ranging device are derived.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126655296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1964.4335589
R. Epstein
The relative coverages provided by an Azimuth-Elevation (Az-El) mount antenna and an equitorial mount antenna are computed and sketched in a plane tangent to the earth's surface at the antenna site. Coverage diagrams are determined for polar orbiting satellites as a function of altitude and with the allowable antenna movements about the polar and declination axis as parameters. The extent of the field of view blocked by imposing a masking angle is also considered and qualitative estimates of the relative dynamic coverages are presented. Advantages offered by each particular type of antenna are dependent upon the orbit and mission of the vehicle being tracked.
{"title":"Relative Coverage of Large Ground Antennas","authors":"R. Epstein","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1964.4335589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1964.4335589","url":null,"abstract":"The relative coverages provided by an Azimuth-Elevation (Az-El) mount antenna and an equitorial mount antenna are computed and sketched in a plane tangent to the earth's surface at the antenna site. Coverage diagrams are determined for polar orbiting satellites as a function of altitude and with the allowable antenna movements about the polar and declination axis as parameters. The extent of the field of view blocked by imposing a masking angle is also considered and qualitative estimates of the relative dynamic coverages are presented. Advantages offered by each particular type of antenna are dependent upon the orbit and mission of the vehicle being tracked.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116714399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1964.4335587
J. Ekstrom
The distortion of pulse amplitude modulated carriers by quadratically phase dispersive media is discussed, and it is shown that the emerging waveform consists of quadrature carriers, one of which is modulated by the original signal plus certain derivatives of that signal, and the other by different signal derivatives. The coherent demodulation and detection of the former by a filter matched to the undistorted signal is considered for the cases of sin t/t and Gaussian pulses, and it is shown that the output SNR decreases rapidly as the signal pulse bandwidth is increased above a certain threshold. The results are applied to the case of transionospheric microwave pulse transmission; as a typical example, video pulse bandwidths of at least 200 Mc can be handled at 4 kMc, with the bandwidth increasing as the three-halves power of the carrier frequency.
{"title":"Coherent Matched Filter Detection of Quadratically Phase-Distorted Carrier-Band Pulses, with Application to Transionospheric Signaling","authors":"J. Ekstrom","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1964.4335587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1964.4335587","url":null,"abstract":"The distortion of pulse amplitude modulated carriers by quadratically phase dispersive media is discussed, and it is shown that the emerging waveform consists of quadrature carriers, one of which is modulated by the original signal plus certain derivatives of that signal, and the other by different signal derivatives. The coherent demodulation and detection of the former by a filter matched to the undistorted signal is considered for the cases of sin t/t and Gaussian pulses, and it is shown that the output SNR decreases rapidly as the signal pulse bandwidth is increased above a certain threshold. The results are applied to the case of transionospheric microwave pulse transmission; as a typical example, video pulse bandwidths of at least 200 Mc can be handled at 4 kMc, with the bandwidth increasing as the three-halves power of the carrier frequency.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123670845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1964.4335585
H. V. Trees
This paper considers the optimum way to divide the available energy between the channel measurement and information transfer functions. Specifically considered is a binary, symmetric, phase-modulation system operating over a channel which imparts a random phase modulation to the signal and adds Gaussian noise. We specify an efficient demodulation scheme and optimize it for all possible energy divisions at the transmitter. The energy division is then varied to achieve the minimum probability of error. For the range of signal and channel parameters considered, it is shown that the probability of error is minimized by devoting all available energy to transmitting information and operating on the information sequence to measure the channel. At high E/No ratios there may be cases in which the probability of error is minimized by dividing the energy between pilot tone and modulation. We were unable to find a case that satisfied the restrictions of our model in which this was true. The exact quantitative results depend on the statistics of the channel variations. Given any set of statistics, the approach developed will enable one to find the optimum power division for that particular case. Even more important are the conclusions which one can draw about the general case from our specific results. First, we see that from the theoretical standpoint one should always use the modulation waveform as part of the synchronization system. In many operational systems this is not done.
{"title":"Optimum Power Division in Coherent Communication Systems","authors":"H. V. Trees","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1964.4335585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1964.4335585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the optimum way to divide the available energy between the channel measurement and information transfer functions. Specifically considered is a binary, symmetric, phase-modulation system operating over a channel which imparts a random phase modulation to the signal and adds Gaussian noise. We specify an efficient demodulation scheme and optimize it for all possible energy divisions at the transmitter. The energy division is then varied to achieve the minimum probability of error. For the range of signal and channel parameters considered, it is shown that the probability of error is minimized by devoting all available energy to transmitting information and operating on the information sequence to measure the channel. At high E/No ratios there may be cases in which the probability of error is minimized by dividing the energy between pilot tone and modulation. We were unable to find a case that satisfied the restrictions of our model in which this was true. The exact quantitative results depend on the statistics of the channel variations. Given any set of statistics, the approach developed will enable one to find the optimum power division for that particular case. Even more important are the conclusions which one can draw about the general case from our specific results. First, we see that from the theoretical standpoint one should always use the modulation waveform as part of the synchronization system. In many operational systems this is not done.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125526727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1964.4335586
W. Lindsey
Detection of a binary transmission by both optimum and suboptimum nonlinear and linear multireceivers is considered by comparing their asymptotic performance characteristics. The multichannel model is presumed to be of the Rician type. Particularly, we consider Turin's nonlinear specular-coherent multi-receiver and the nonlinear noncoherent Pierce-Stein multireceiver. These two termination error rate characteristics are graphically compared for low and high output signal-to-noise ratios. The performance characteristics of two other coherent linear multireceivers, one optimum and one easier implemented suboptimum, are derived and compared with the above-mentioned nonlinear multireceivers. The numerical results indicate system design trends and provide information on the degradation or improvement afforded by employing nonlinear detection systems as compared with linear detection systems. In particular, the optimum nonlinear coherent multireceiver is difficult to implement. It is shown that, for multichannels which are largely specular in nature, a more easily implemented linear coherent unit behaves optimally for all practical purposes. For channels which are largely scatter in nature it is shown that the linearized suboptimum system performance is highly inferior to the corresponding optimum coherent unit. In these situations, the noncoherent "square-law combining" system would be more reliable than the suboptimum coherent unit. In fact, for large scatter components we find that the noncoherent unit performs almost identically to the nonlinear coherent unit. This is due to the signal suppression effects known to occur in all nonlinear detectors throughout the field of statistical detection theory.
{"title":"Comparison of Nonlinear and Linear Multireceiver Detection Systems","authors":"W. Lindsey","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1964.4335586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1964.4335586","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of a binary transmission by both optimum and suboptimum nonlinear and linear multireceivers is considered by comparing their asymptotic performance characteristics. The multichannel model is presumed to be of the Rician type. Particularly, we consider Turin's nonlinear specular-coherent multi-receiver and the nonlinear noncoherent Pierce-Stein multireceiver. These two termination error rate characteristics are graphically compared for low and high output signal-to-noise ratios. The performance characteristics of two other coherent linear multireceivers, one optimum and one easier implemented suboptimum, are derived and compared with the above-mentioned nonlinear multireceivers. The numerical results indicate system design trends and provide information on the degradation or improvement afforded by employing nonlinear detection systems as compared with linear detection systems. In particular, the optimum nonlinear coherent multireceiver is difficult to implement. It is shown that, for multichannels which are largely specular in nature, a more easily implemented linear coherent unit behaves optimally for all practical purposes. For channels which are largely scatter in nature it is shown that the linearized suboptimum system performance is highly inferior to the corresponding optimum coherent unit. In these situations, the noncoherent \"square-law combining\" system would be more reliable than the suboptimum coherent unit. In fact, for large scatter components we find that the noncoherent unit performs almost identically to the nonlinear coherent unit. This is due to the signal suppression effects known to occur in all nonlinear detectors throughout the field of statistical detection theory.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"158 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-12-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337625
R. Marquart, J. C. Hancock
Evaluation of the performance of error-correcting codes has, in the past, been severely hampered by the lack of functional relationships between the uncoded and coded binit error rates. In this paper, such relationships yielding the exact decoder output error rates are developed for Hamming SED codes of lengths n = 2m - 1, m = 1, 2, 3,···, and for Hamming SEC/DED codes of length n = 2m, m = 1, 2, 3,···. In addition, for the DED codes, a similar family of formulas are derived for the probability that a received information binit is contained in a word containing an error pattern that can be detected but not corrected. A criterion of merit for the coded versus uncoded systems is postulated. A similar criterion is developed based upon word error rates. It is demonstrated that the latter results, in general, in highly erroneous conclusions regarding the comparative worth of coded systems. Graphs are presented illustrating the numerical results based on these formulas for codes ranging in length from 7/8 binits up to and including 511/512 binits, for uncoded channel error rates of 0.5 to 10-10. Similar graphs of code merit, based upon modulation systems for which detection is a linear operation (PSK-MF, for example), are constructed. From these, ranges of channel (uncoded) error probability over which particular code lengths result in the best performance that can be obtained from that type of code are extracted and tabulated.
在过去，由于缺乏未编码和编码的位错误率之间的函数关系，对纠错码性能的评估受到了严重的阻碍。本文针对长度为n = 2m - 1, m = 1,2,3，···的汉明SED码，以及长度为n = 2m, m = 1,2,3，···的汉明SEC/DED码，建立了产生准确解码器输出错误率的关系。此外，对于DED代码，导出了一系列类似的公式，用于表示接收到的信息位元包含在包含可以检测但不能纠正的错误模式的单词中的概率。假设了编码系统与非编码系统的优劣标准。一个类似的标准是根据单词错误率制定的。它证明了后者的结果，在一般情况下，在高度错误的结论关于编码系统的比较价值。对于长度从7/8位到511/512位(包括511/512位)的码，对于未编码信道错误率为0.5到10-10，给出了基于这些公式的数值结果的图表。基于检测为线性操作的调制系统(例如PSK-MF)，构造了类似的代码性能图。从中提取并制表了通道(未编码)错误概率的范围，在此范围内，特定的代码长度可以从该类型的代码中获得最佳性能。
{"title":"Performance of Hamming Codes","authors":"R. Marquart, J. C. Hancock","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337625","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of the performance of error-correcting codes has, in the past, been severely hampered by the lack of functional relationships between the uncoded and coded binit error rates. In this paper, such relationships yielding the exact decoder output error rates are developed for Hamming SED codes of lengths n = 2m - 1, m = 1, 2, 3,···, and for Hamming SEC/DED codes of length n = 2m, m = 1, 2, 3,···. In addition, for the DED codes, a similar family of formulas are derived for the probability that a received information binit is contained in a word containing an error pattern that can be detected but not corrected. A criterion of merit for the coded versus uncoded systems is postulated. A similar criterion is developed based upon word error rates. It is demonstrated that the latter results, in general, in highly erroneous conclusions regarding the comparative worth of coded systems. Graphs are presented illustrating the numerical results based on these formulas for codes ranging in length from 7/8 binits up to and including 511/512 binits, for uncoded channel error rates of 0.5 to 10-10. Similar graphs of code merit, based upon modulation systems for which detection is a linear operation (PSK-MF, for example), are constructed. From these, ranges of channel (uncoded) error probability over which particular code lengths result in the best performance that can be obtained from that type of code are extracted and tabulated.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134025344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-12-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337627
P. Shaft
The probability of error is derived for a PCM-FM system that uses a discriminator as a detector. It is shown that discriminator performance is approximately 1 db poorer than optimum detection of a PCM-FM signal. The results compare favorably with experimental measurments conducted elsewhere.
{"title":"Error Rate of PCM-FM Using Discriminator Detection","authors":"P. Shaft","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337627","url":null,"abstract":"The probability of error is derived for a PCM-FM system that uses a discriminator as a detector. It is shown that discriminator performance is approximately 1 db poorer than optimum detection of a PCM-FM signal. The results compare favorably with experimental measurments conducted elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"4 5 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123737154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-12-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337624
R. Carney
The development of a digital filter using sampled data theory techniques and having a desired frequency response characteristic is described. Specifically, design of a digital notch filter is accomplished through formulation of a regression equation for application to sampled input and output values from the filter. After first expressing the desired transfer function in the continous domain, the equation is developed using sampled data theory relationships. Although the techniques are applied to a specific type of filter, they are general in nature. The problem considered involves attenuation of a particular frequency and those in its immediate vicinity while leaving other even slightly distant frequencies relatively unattenuated. An additional requirement calls for tracking and attenuating an input whose frequency is time-variable. In particular, a linearly (with respect to time) variable frequency is considered and discussed. Testing and evaluation were performed through simulation on a general purpose digital computer. Results obtaied are described.
{"title":"Design of a Digital Notch Filter with Tracking Requirements","authors":"R. Carney","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337624","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a digital filter using sampled data theory techniques and having a desired frequency response characteristic is described. Specifically, design of a digital notch filter is accomplished through formulation of a regression equation for application to sampled input and output values from the filter. After first expressing the desired transfer function in the continous domain, the equation is developed using sampled data theory relationships. Although the techniques are applied to a specific type of filter, they are general in nature. The problem considered involves attenuation of a particular frequency and those in its immediate vicinity while leaving other even slightly distant frequencies relatively unattenuated. An additional requirement calls for tracking and attenuating an input whose frequency is time-variable. In particular, a linearly (with respect to time) variable frequency is considered and discussed. Testing and evaluation were performed through simulation on a general purpose digital computer. Results obtaied are described.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125750515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1963-12-01DOI: 10.1109/TSET.1963.4337626
R. Harger
For various practical reasons, a highly desirable attribute of a realization procedure for the ambiguity function would be control over the envelope of the complex signal modulation. A design procedure is derived which has this property and begins with a specification of the range and Doppler cross sections of the ambiguity function. The essential problem is to find the phase modulation of the signal when the envelopes of the signal and its spectrum are specified; a solution is given for the large time-bandwidth product case. An application to the problem of avoiding range ambiguities is discussed.
{"title":"A Note on the Realization of Ambiguity Functions","authors":"R. Harger","doi":"10.1109/TSET.1963.4337626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSET.1963.4337626","url":null,"abstract":"For various practical reasons, a highly desirable attribute of a realization procedure for the ambiguity function would be control over the envelope of the complex signal modulation. A design procedure is derived which has this property and begins with a specification of the range and Doppler cross sections of the ambiguity function. The essential problem is to find the phase modulation of the signal when the envelopes of the signal and its spectrum are specified; a solution is given for the large time-bandwidth product case. An application to the problem of avoiding range ambiguities is discussed.","PeriodicalId":153922,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128129405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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