{"title":"Intervention in Acute Hospital Unit Reduces Delirium Incidence for Older Adults, Has No Effect on Length of Stay, Other Complications","authors":"Hung","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health care delivered during a pandemic instantiates medicine's perspectives on the value of human life in clinical scenarios where resource allocation is limited. The COVID-19 pandemic has fostered dialogue and debate around the ethical principles that underly such resource allocation, which generally balance utilitarian optimization of resources, equality or equity in health access, the instrumental value of individuals as agents in society, and prioritizing the "worst off" in their natural history of disease.' State legislatures and health systems have responded to the challeges posed by COVID-19 by considering both the scarcity of intensive care resources, such as mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis, and the clinical criteria to be used for determining which patients should receive said resources. These crisis guidelines have yielded several concerning themes vis-a-vis equitable distribution of health care resources, particularly when the disability status of patients is considered alongside life-expectancy or quality of life. Crisis standards of care (CSQ prioritize population-level health under a utilitarian paradigm, explicitly maximizing "life-years'' within a population of patients rather than the life of any individual patient.· Debated during initial COVID surges, these CSC guidelines have recently been enacted at the state level in several settings, including Alaska and Idaho.
{"title":"Structural Ableism: Defining Standards of Care Amid Crisis and Inequity","authors":"Gregory D. M. D. M. B. A. Snyder","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0081","url":null,"abstract":"Health care delivered during a pandemic instantiates medicine's perspectives on the value of human life in clinical scenarios where resource allocation is limited. The COVID-19 pandemic has fostered dialogue and debate around the ethical principles that underly such resource allocation, which generally balance utilitarian optimization of resources, equality or equity in health access, the instrumental value of individuals as agents in society, and prioritizing the \"worst off\" in their natural history of disease.' State legislatures and health systems have responded to the challeges posed by COVID-19 by considering both the scarcity of intensive care resources, such as mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis, and the clinical criteria to be used for determining which patients should receive said resources. These crisis guidelines have yielded several concerning themes vis-a-vis equitable distribution of health care resources, particularly when the disability status of patients is considered alongside life-expectancy or quality of life. Crisis standards of care (CSQ prioritize population-level health under a utilitarian paradigm, explicitly maximizing \"life-years'' within a population of patients rather than the life of any individual patient.· Debated during initial COVID surges, these CSC guidelines have recently been enacted at the state level in several settings, including Alaska and Idaho.","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41687014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This retrospective and prospective cohort study was designed to describe the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) admitted to subintensive care units (SICU) and to identify the variables associated with outcomes. SICUs have been extremely stressed during the pandemic, but most data regarding critically ill COVID-19 patients come from intensive care units (ICUs). Studies about COVID-19 patients in SICUs are lacking. Setting and participants: The study included 88 COVID-19 patients admitted to our SICU in Cuneo, Italy, between March and May 2020. Measurements: Clinical and ventilatory data were collected, and patients were divided by outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the variables associated with negative outcomes (transfer to the ICU, palliation, or death in a SICU). Results: A total of 60 patients (68%) had a positive outcome, and 28 patients (32%) had a negative outcome;69 patients (78%) underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Pronation (n=37 [42%]) had been more frequently adopted in patients who had a positive outcome vs a negative outcome (n=30 [50%] vs n=7 [25%];P=.048), and the median (interquartile range) Pao2 /Fio2 ratio after 6 hours of prone positioning was lower in patients who had a negative outcome vs a positive outcome (144 [140-168] vs 249 [195268], P=.006). Independent predictors of a negative outcome were diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 8.22;95% CI, 1.50-44.70;P=.015), higher D-dimer (OR, 1.28;95% CI, 1.04-1.57;P=.019), higher lactate dehydrogenase level (OR, 1.003;95% CI, 1.000-1.006;P=.039), and lower lymphocytes count (OR, 0.996;95% CI, 0.993-0.999;P=.004). Conclusion: SICUs have a fundamental role in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19, who require longterm CPAP and pronation cycles. Diabetes, lymphopenia, and high D-dimer and LDH levels are associated with negative outcomes.
{"title":"Role and Experience of a Subintensive Care Unit in Caring for Patients With COVID-19 in Italy: The CO-RESP Study","authors":"Abram","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0080","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This retrospective and prospective cohort study was designed to describe the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) admitted to subintensive care units (SICU) and to identify the variables associated with outcomes. SICUs have been extremely stressed during the pandemic, but most data regarding critically ill COVID-19 patients come from intensive care units (ICUs). Studies about COVID-19 patients in SICUs are lacking. Setting and participants: The study included 88 COVID-19 patients admitted to our SICU in Cuneo, Italy, between March and May 2020. Measurements: Clinical and ventilatory data were collected, and patients were divided by outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the variables associated with negative outcomes (transfer to the ICU, palliation, or death in a SICU). Results: A total of 60 patients (68%) had a positive outcome, and 28 patients (32%) had a negative outcome;69 patients (78%) underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Pronation (n=37 [42%]) had been more frequently adopted in patients who had a positive outcome vs a negative outcome (n=30 [50%] vs n=7 [25%];P=.048), and the median (interquartile range) Pao2 /Fio2 ratio after 6 hours of prone positioning was lower in patients who had a negative outcome vs a positive outcome (144 [140-168] vs 249 [195268], P=.006). Independent predictors of a negative outcome were diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 8.22;95% CI, 1.50-44.70;P=.015), higher D-dimer (OR, 1.28;95% CI, 1.04-1.57;P=.019), higher lactate dehydrogenase level (OR, 1.003;95% CI, 1.000-1.006;P=.039), and lower lymphocytes count (OR, 0.996;95% CI, 0.993-0.999;P=.004). Conclusion: SICUs have a fundamental role in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19, who require longterm CPAP and pronation cycles. Diabetes, lymphopenia, and high D-dimer and LDH levels are associated with negative outcomes.","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41360045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided PCI and Coronary Bypass Surgery in 3-Vessel Disease","authors":"Kanake","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47280076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed substantial strain on hospital resources and has been responsible for more than 733000 deaths in the United States. The US Food and Drug Administration has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for patients with early-stage high-risk COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we studied the emergency department (ED) during a massive COVID-19 surge in Orange County, California, from December 4, 2020, to January 29, 2021, as a potential setting for efficient mAb delivery by evaluating the impact of bamlanivimab use in high-risk COVID-19 patients. All patients included in this study had positive results on nucleic acid amplification detection from nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, presented with 1 or more mild or moderate symptoms, and met EUA criteria for mAb treatment. The primary outcome analyzed among this cohort of ED patients was overall improvement, which included subsequent ED/hospital visits, inpatient hospitalization, and death related to COVID-19. Results: We identified 1278 ED patients with COVID-19 not treated with bamlanivimab and 73 patients with COVID-19 treated with bamlanivimab during the treatment period. Of these patients, 239 control patients and 63 treatment patients met EUA criteria. Overall, 7.9% (5/63) of patients receiving bamlanivimab had a subsequent ED/hospital visit, hospitalization, or death compared with 19.2% (46/239) in the control group (P=.03). Conclusion: Targeting ED patients for mAb treatment may be an effective strategy to prevent progression to severe COVID-19 illness and substantially reduce the composite end point of repeat ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, especially for individuals of underserved populations who may not have access to ambulatory care.
{"title":"Successful COVID-19 Surge Management With Monoclonal Antibody Infusion in Emergency Department Patients","authors":"Chow","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0078","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed substantial strain on hospital resources and has been responsible for more than 733000 deaths in the United States. The US Food and Drug Administration has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for patients with early-stage high-risk COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we studied the emergency department (ED) during a massive COVID-19 surge in Orange County, California, from December 4, 2020, to January 29, 2021, as a potential setting for efficient mAb delivery by evaluating the impact of bamlanivimab use in high-risk COVID-19 patients. All patients included in this study had positive results on nucleic acid amplification detection from nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, presented with 1 or more mild or moderate symptoms, and met EUA criteria for mAb treatment. The primary outcome analyzed among this cohort of ED patients was overall improvement, which included subsequent ED/hospital visits, inpatient hospitalization, and death related to COVID-19. Results: We identified 1278 ED patients with COVID-19 not treated with bamlanivimab and 73 patients with COVID-19 treated with bamlanivimab during the treatment period. Of these patients, 239 control patients and 63 treatment patients met EUA criteria. Overall, 7.9% (5/63) of patients receiving bamlanivimab had a subsequent ED/hospital visit, hospitalization, or death compared with 19.2% (46/239) in the control group (P=.03). Conclusion: Targeting ED patients for mAb treatment may be an effective strategy to prevent progression to severe COVID-19 illness and substantially reduce the composite end point of repeat ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, especially for individuals of underserved populations who may not have access to ambulatory care.","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43501273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preoperative Code Status Discussion in Older Adults: Are We Doing Enough?","authors":"Ko","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48249748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Same-Day Naloxone Availability in New Mexico Pharmacies","authors":"Haponyuk","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FFR-Guided or Angiography-Guided Nonculprit Lesion PCI in Patients With STEMI Without Cardiogenic Shock","authors":"Kanake","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To ascertain the extent of nasogastric tube (NGT) dislodgment in COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients after the introduction of NGT bridle kits as a standard of practice, to see whether this would reduce the number of NGT insertions, patient irradiation, missed feeds, and overall cost. Background: Nasogastric feeding is the mainstay of enteral feeding for ICU patients. The usual standard of practice is to secure the tube using adhesive tape. Studies show this method has a 40% to 48% dislodgment rate. The COVID-19 ICU patient population may be at even greater risk due to the need for proning, long duration of invasive ventilation, and emergence delirium. Design: This was a 2-cycle quality improvement project. The first cycle was done retrospectively, looking at the contemporaneous standard of practice where bridle kits were not used. This gave an objective measure of the extent of NGT displacement, associated costs, and missed feeds. The second cycle was carried out prospectively, with the use of NGT bridle kits as the new standard of practice. Setting: A large United Kingdom teaching hospital with a 100-bed, single-floor ICU. Participants: Patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 who subsequently required sedation and invasive ventilation. Measurements: Measurements included days of feeding required, hours of feeding missed due to NGT dislodgment, total number of nasogastric tubes required per ICU stay, and number of chest radiographs for NGT position confirmation. NGT-related pressure sores were also recorded. Results: When compared to the bridled group, the unbridled group required a higher number of NGTs (2.5 vs 1.3;P<.001) and chest radiographs (3.4 vs 1.6;P<.001), had more hours of feeding missed (11.8 vs 5.0), and accumulated a slightly higher total cost (cost of NGT, chest radiographs +/- bridle kit: £211.67 vs £210, [US $284.25 vs US $282.01]). Conclusions: The use of NGT bridle kits reduces the number of NGT insertions patients require and subsequently reduces the number of chest radiographs for each patient. These patients also miss fewer feeds, with no appreciable increase in cost.
目的：确定新冠肺炎重症监护室（ICU）患者在引入NGT套具作为实践标准后鼻肠管（NGT）移位的程度，以了解这是否会减少NGT插入次数、患者照射、误食和总体成本。背景：鼻饲是ICU患者肠内营养的主要方式。通常的做法标准是用胶带固定管子。研究表明，这种方法有40%到48%的去除率。新冠肺炎重症监护室患者群体可能面临更大的风险，因为需要内旋、长时间的有创通气和出现谵妄。设计：这是一个两个周期的质量改进项目。第一个周期是回顾性的，着眼于当时没有使用缰绳套件的实践标准。这提供了NGT位移程度、相关成本和漏投的客观衡量标准。第二个周期是前瞻性地进行的，使用NGT缰绳套件作为新的实践标准。环境：英国一家大型教学医院，设有100张床位的单层ICU。参与者：新冠肺炎患者入住ICU，随后需要镇静和有创通气。测量：测量包括所需进食天数、因NGT移位而错过进食的小时数、每次ICU住院所需鼻胃导管的总数以及用于确认NGT位置的胸部X光片数量。还记录了NGT相关的压疮。结果：与束缚组相比，无束缚组需要更高数量的NGT（2.5 vs 1.3；P<.001）和胸部X线片（3.4 vs 1.6；P<0.001），错过喂养的时间更长（11.8 vs 5.0），并积累了略高的总成本（NGT、胸部X光片+/-套带的成本：211.67英镑vs 210英镑，284.25美元vs 282.01美元]）。结论：NGT套带的使用减少了患者所需的NGT插入次数，从而减少了每位患者的胸部X光照片数量。这些患者错过的饲料也更少，成本也没有明显增加。
{"title":"The Use of Nasogastric Tube Bridle Kits in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Patients","authors":"Atkar","doi":"10.12788/jcom.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12788/jcom.0072","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To ascertain the extent of nasogastric tube (NGT) dislodgment in COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients after the introduction of NGT bridle kits as a standard of practice, to see whether this would reduce the number of NGT insertions, patient irradiation, missed feeds, and overall cost. Background: Nasogastric feeding is the mainstay of enteral feeding for ICU patients. The usual standard of practice is to secure the tube using adhesive tape. Studies show this method has a 40% to 48% dislodgment rate. The COVID-19 ICU patient population may be at even greater risk due to the need for proning, long duration of invasive ventilation, and emergence delirium. Design: This was a 2-cycle quality improvement project. The first cycle was done retrospectively, looking at the contemporaneous standard of practice where bridle kits were not used. This gave an objective measure of the extent of NGT displacement, associated costs, and missed feeds. The second cycle was carried out prospectively, with the use of NGT bridle kits as the new standard of practice. Setting: A large United Kingdom teaching hospital with a 100-bed, single-floor ICU. Participants: Patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 who subsequently required sedation and invasive ventilation. Measurements: Measurements included days of feeding required, hours of feeding missed due to NGT dislodgment, total number of nasogastric tubes required per ICU stay, and number of chest radiographs for NGT position confirmation. NGT-related pressure sores were also recorded. Results: When compared to the bridled group, the unbridled group required a higher number of NGTs (2.5 vs 1.3;P<.001) and chest radiographs (3.4 vs 1.6;P<.001), had more hours of feeding missed (11.8 vs 5.0), and accumulated a slightly higher total cost (cost of NGT, chest radiographs +/- bridle kit: £211.67 vs £210, [US $284.25 vs US $282.01]). Conclusions: The use of NGT bridle kits reduces the number of NGT insertions patients require and subsequently reduces the number of chest radiographs for each patient. These patients also miss fewer feeds, with no appreciable increase in cost.","PeriodicalId":15393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management","volume":"114 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41299935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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