Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819883012
E. Moin, D. Sisti
Incarcerated individuals in the United States are frequently transferred to hospitals in the community setting for specialized medical care beyond the capability of on-site facilities. Despite the widespread prevalence of this practice, hospitals set their own policies for the care of these vulnerable patients, which are often in conflict with broadly accepted principles of medical ethics. This article explores common practices of community hospitals in caring for incarcerated individuals and argues for the need for further research and, ultimately, reform in this neglected area.
{"title":"Jailers at the Bedside: Ethical Conflicts in Provision of Community Hospital Care for Incarcerated Individuals","authors":"E. Moin, D. Sisti","doi":"10.1177/1078345819883012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819883012","url":null,"abstract":"Incarcerated individuals in the United States are frequently transferred to hospitals in the community setting for specialized medical care beyond the capability of on-site facilities. Despite the widespread prevalence of this practice, hospitals set their own policies for the care of these vulnerable patients, which are often in conflict with broadly accepted principles of medical ethics. This article explores common practices of community hospitals in caring for incarcerated individuals and argues for the need for further research and, ultimately, reform in this neglected area.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819883012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48222234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819884665
{"title":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1078345819884665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819884665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819884665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42057706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819884666
John R. Miles
Dear Colleagues, This issue has nine articles, a book review, and a “Viewpoint” opinion. It presents a mini section on corrections within the United Kingdom, four articles featuring information on obesity and selfmanagement strategies, death in custody and its psychosocial consequences for correctional staff, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening for female inmates. I think you will find them quite interesting as they present findings from varied populations and correctional settings. The five articles from the United States are equally informative, with topics covering student–faculty collaboration in a jail setting, the impact of personality domains in public health interventions within correctional settings, chronic pain management, pregnancy intentions and prevention among girls in corrections, and overdose education and naloxone distribution associated with jails. I especially call your attention to the articles on TBI screening among females and pregnancy prevention among girls. The book review of 30 Years Behind Bars: Trials of a Prison Doctor highlights the work of Dr. Karen Gedney and her career in corrections. I found the book a very interesting read. The Viewpoint explores the common practices of community hospitals in caring for incarcerated individuals, which are often in conflict with correctional policies, and argues for further investigation and reform in this area of care. I encourage others to submit a Viewpoint about an item of interest or concern from their setting. As always, I welcome your opinions and insights.
{"title":"Editor’s Letter","authors":"John R. Miles","doi":"10.1177/1078345819884666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819884666","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Colleagues, This issue has nine articles, a book review, and a “Viewpoint” opinion. It presents a mini section on corrections within the United Kingdom, four articles featuring information on obesity and selfmanagement strategies, death in custody and its psychosocial consequences for correctional staff, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening for female inmates. I think you will find them quite interesting as they present findings from varied populations and correctional settings. The five articles from the United States are equally informative, with topics covering student–faculty collaboration in a jail setting, the impact of personality domains in public health interventions within correctional settings, chronic pain management, pregnancy intentions and prevention among girls in corrections, and overdose education and naloxone distribution associated with jails. I especially call your attention to the articles on TBI screening among females and pregnancy prevention among girls. The book review of 30 Years Behind Bars: Trials of a Prison Doctor highlights the work of Dr. Karen Gedney and her career in corrections. I found the book a very interesting read. The Viewpoint explores the common practices of community hospitals in caring for incarcerated individuals, which are often in conflict with correctional policies, and argues for further investigation and reform in this area of care. I encourage others to submit a Viewpoint about an item of interest or concern from their setting. As always, I welcome your opinions and insights.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819884666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42213236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819882337
Tirath Gill, Julius F. Metts, G. Ugwueze
In the community, chronic pain is a common reason for visits to the doctor’s office. The same is true for patients who are seen by physicians in prison health care settings. The symptoms of chronic pain are often associated with negative emotional states of anxiety, depression, and despair. Ultimately, psychological stress may cause and perpetuate chronic pain even in the absence of any observable pathological findings. The objectives of this article are to define the elements of chronic pain and review its epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. This article will also touch upon some unique treatment challenges such as malingering and diversion of prescribed pain medications common in the prison setting.
{"title":"The Evaluation and Management of Chronic Pain in the Correctional Setting","authors":"Tirath Gill, Julius F. Metts, G. Ugwueze","doi":"10.1177/1078345819882337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819882337","url":null,"abstract":"In the community, chronic pain is a common reason for visits to the doctor’s office. The same is true for patients who are seen by physicians in prison health care settings. The symptoms of chronic pain are often associated with negative emotional states of anxiety, depression, and despair. Ultimately, psychological stress may cause and perpetuate chronic pain even in the absence of any observable pathological findings. The objectives of this article are to define the elements of chronic pain and review its epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. This article will also touch upon some unique treatment challenges such as malingering and diversion of prescribed pain medications common in the prison setting.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819882337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43290073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819881993
Dora M. Dumont, C. Brousseau, S. H. Shuford, J. J. van den Berg, L. Stein, J. Clarke
Incarceration provides an opportunity for public health interventions, but communication and the delivery of services are complicated by considerable variability even within this generally high-needs population. Public health practitioners have relied heavily on social determinants of health data in their work, but this does not fully explain key patterns in responses and success. Psychometric work related to the “big five” or “five-factor” personality domains may provide important additional guidance to health communications and interventions. The Contraceptive Awareness and Reproductive Education clinical trial provided health risk factor and personality data on 257 incarcerated women aged 18–35. Of the study population, 85.9% reported at least one of the five forms of childhood trauma. Three of the five personality domains were associated with multiple health risk factors and four of the five were associated with fair or poor general health. Personality data provide important guidance in understanding variability in responses to public health interventions in the correctional setting.
{"title":"Bringing Personality Into the Public Health Conversation: Evidence From a Correctional Population","authors":"Dora M. Dumont, C. Brousseau, S. H. Shuford, J. J. van den Berg, L. Stein, J. Clarke","doi":"10.1177/1078345819881993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819881993","url":null,"abstract":"Incarceration provides an opportunity for public health interventions, but communication and the delivery of services are complicated by considerable variability even within this generally high-needs population. Public health practitioners have relied heavily on social determinants of health data in their work, but this does not fully explain key patterns in responses and success. Psychometric work related to the “big five” or “five-factor” personality domains may provide important additional guidance to health communications and interventions. The Contraceptive Awareness and Reproductive Education clinical trial provided health risk factor and personality data on 257 incarcerated women aged 18–35. Of the study population, 85.9% reported at least one of the five forms of childhood trauma. Three of the five personality domains were associated with multiple health risk factors and four of the five were associated with fair or poor general health. Personality data provide important guidance in understanding variability in responses to public health interventions in the correctional setting.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819881993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48671279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819879925
K. Choudhry, D. Armstrong, A. Dregan
Prisoners’ weight and waist circumference were measured 6 and 12 months after imprisonment. Variables known to be associated with differences in lifestyle behaviors and obesity were considered as covariates in the study. A total of 367 prisoners were recruited into the study at baseline, with 116 of these having dropped out of the study from the 6-month to the 12-month follow-up. The obesity prevalence rate increased 50% from baseline (16%) to the 6-month follow-up (24%). Obesity prevalence rates then declined 4-fold from the 6-month (24%) to the 12-month follow-up (6%). While time in prison was associated with an increase in body mass index, this effect was influenced by intrinsic prisoner characteristics, extrinsic factors, and the prison regime.
{"title":"Obesity and Weight Change in Two United Kingdom Male Prisons","authors":"K. Choudhry, D. Armstrong, A. Dregan","doi":"10.1177/1078345819879925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819879925","url":null,"abstract":"Prisoners’ weight and waist circumference were measured 6 and 12 months after imprisonment. Variables known to be associated with differences in lifestyle behaviors and obesity were considered as covariates in the study. A total of 367 prisoners were recruited into the study at baseline, with 116 of these having dropped out of the study from the 6-month to the 12-month follow-up. The obesity prevalence rate increased 50% from baseline (16%) to the 6-month follow-up (24%). Obesity prevalence rates then declined 4-fold from the 6-month (24%) to the 12-month follow-up (6%). While time in prison was associated with an increase in body mass index, this effect was influenced by intrinsic prisoner characteristics, extrinsic factors, and the prison regime.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819879925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44494501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819880240
K. Choudhry, D. Armstrong, A. Dregan
Weight gain and obesity in prison are, like elsewhere, associated with an increase in caloric intake and reduction in physical activity, but these factors are not solely under the control of a prisoner. Nineteen semistructured interviews were conducted in two male prisons in the United Kingdom to explore participants’ thoughts, beliefs, and feelings on the role prison plays on weight change. Data from interviews were analyzed through grounded theory methodology. The concept of embodiment was used to explain not only how prisoners tend to believe the physical and emotional consequences of imprisonment could adversely affect weight and health but also how they adapted behaviors toward their health to try to take back control and power over their lives. The changes in prisoners’ health-related behavior due to imprisonment show similarities to those seen in individuals responding to chronic illnesses, which suggest that imprisonment might be viewed as akin to an illness of the body.
{"title":"Prisons and Embodiment: Self-Management Strategies of an Incarcerated Population","authors":"K. Choudhry, D. Armstrong, A. Dregan","doi":"10.1177/1078345819880240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819880240","url":null,"abstract":"Weight gain and obesity in prison are, like elsewhere, associated with an increase in caloric intake and reduction in physical activity, but these factors are not solely under the control of a prisoner. Nineteen semistructured interviews were conducted in two male prisons in the United Kingdom to explore participants’ thoughts, beliefs, and feelings on the role prison plays on weight change. Data from interviews were analyzed through grounded theory methodology. The concept of embodiment was used to explain not only how prisoners tend to believe the physical and emotional consequences of imprisonment could adversely affect weight and health but also how they adapted behaviors toward their health to try to take back control and power over their lives. The changes in prisoners’ health-related behavior due to imprisonment show similarities to those seen in individuals responding to chronic illnesses, which suggest that imprisonment might be viewed as akin to an illness of the body.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819880240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43022726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819880307
Erin Saleeby, B. O’Donnell, Ashaki M. Jackson, Cecilia Muñiz, P. Chung, C. Sufrin
Despite California’s declining teen pregnancy rate, teens in the juvenile justice system have higher rates than their nonincarcerated counterparts. This study explored domains that may shape decision-making for pregnancy prevention in this group. Twenty purposively selected female teens with a recent incarceration participated in hour-long semistructured interviews about their future plans, social networks, access to reproductive health services, and sexual behavior. Transcripts revealed that, contrary to literature, desire for unconditional love and lack of access to family planning services did not mediate decision-making. Lack of future planning, poor social support, and limited social mobility shaped youths’ decisions to use contraceptives. Understanding this group’s social location and the domains that inform decision-making for pregnancy intentions and prevention provides clues to help programs predict and serve this population’s needs.
{"title":"Tough Choices: Exploring Decision-Making for Pregnancy Intentions and Prevention Among Girls in the Justice System","authors":"Erin Saleeby, B. O’Donnell, Ashaki M. Jackson, Cecilia Muñiz, P. Chung, C. Sufrin","doi":"10.1177/1078345819880307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819880307","url":null,"abstract":"Despite California’s declining teen pregnancy rate, teens in the juvenile justice system have higher rates than their nonincarcerated counterparts. This study explored domains that may shape decision-making for pregnancy prevention in this group. Twenty purposively selected female teens with a recent incarceration participated in hour-long semistructured interviews about their future plans, social networks, access to reproductive health services, and sexual behavior. Transcripts revealed that, contrary to literature, desire for unconditional love and lack of access to family planning services did not mediate decision-making. Lack of future planning, poor social support, and limited social mobility shaped youths’ decisions to use contraceptives. Understanding this group’s social location and the domains that inform decision-making for pregnancy intentions and prevention provides clues to help programs predict and serve this population’s needs.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819880307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47202305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819883021
Jennifer L. Lanterman
Initially, Dr. Karen Gedney was assigned to serve as a physician in the Nevada Department of Corrections (NDOC) through a National Health Corps program to provide medical care in underserved areas. She was taken hostage and assaulted by an inmate in the second year of her 4-year commitment. Instead of seeking reassignment, she elected to continue her work providing care for the men incarcerated in NDOC for 30 years. Dr. Gedney tells the story of her career in 30 Years Behind Bars: Trials of a Prison Doctor. The book is written in a memoir style and organized into 28 short chapters and an epilogue that include art created by inmates. The content covers a variety of topics related to her professional and personal experiences as a prison doctor. One of the overarching themes of the book is the influence of institutional leadership, agency policy, and law on inmate health. For example, Gedney describes a new warden wishing to “make his mark” on the institution by putting the prison on extended or repeated lockdowns (p. 335). These lockdowns eliminated yard time, which severely restricted the ability of inmates to exercise. In addition to impacting inmates’ moods, restricted exercise contributed to exacerbated symptoms associated with cardiovascular conditions and diabetes and resulted in increased medical costs. Gedney also examines the influence of laws on the aging inmate population and the changing health issues associated with an increase in this population.
{"title":"Book Review: 30 years behind bars: Trials of a prison doctor","authors":"Jennifer L. Lanterman","doi":"10.1177/1078345819883021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819883021","url":null,"abstract":"Initially, Dr. Karen Gedney was assigned to serve as a physician in the Nevada Department of Corrections (NDOC) through a National Health Corps program to provide medical care in underserved areas. She was taken hostage and assaulted by an inmate in the second year of her 4-year commitment. Instead of seeking reassignment, she elected to continue her work providing care for the men incarcerated in NDOC for 30 years. Dr. Gedney tells the story of her career in 30 Years Behind Bars: Trials of a Prison Doctor. The book is written in a memoir style and organized into 28 short chapters and an epilogue that include art created by inmates. The content covers a variety of topics related to her professional and personal experiences as a prison doctor. One of the overarching themes of the book is the influence of institutional leadership, agency policy, and law on inmate health. For example, Gedney describes a new warden wishing to “make his mark” on the institution by putting the prison on extended or repeated lockdowns (p. 335). These lockdowns eliminated yard time, which severely restricted the ability of inmates to exercise. In addition to impacting inmates’ moods, restricted exercise contributed to exacerbated symptoms associated with cardiovascular conditions and diabetes and resulted in increased medical costs. Gedney also examines the influence of laws on the aging inmate population and the changing health issues associated with an increase in this population.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819883021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1078345819879752
T. Cassidy, S. Bruce
This study investigated experiences of trauma and psychosocial mediators in correctional staff who had dealt with a death in custody within the previous year. A total of 211 participants completed the Trauma Symptom Index as well as measures of self-efficacy, optimism, problem-solving style, social support, and growth. The data showed that around 32% of participants were exhibiting symptoms at a clinical level. Prior experience with suicide and level of involvement in the incident were direct predictors of symptom level. Support, optimism, self-efficacy, and confidence in problem-solving seemed to be potential protective factors and were also predictive of trauma-related growth. Although the study was cross sectional, the data suggest that it may be possible to predict factors that are protective and therefore offer some hope in terms of developing preventive strategies.
{"title":"Dealing With Death in Custody: Psychosocial Consequences for Correctional Staff","authors":"T. Cassidy, S. Bruce","doi":"10.1177/1078345819879752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345819879752","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated experiences of trauma and psychosocial mediators in correctional staff who had dealt with a death in custody within the previous year. A total of 211 participants completed the Trauma Symptom Index as well as measures of self-efficacy, optimism, problem-solving style, social support, and growth. The data showed that around 32% of participants were exhibiting symptoms at a clinical level. Prior experience with suicide and level of involvement in the incident were direct predictors of symptom level. Support, optimism, self-efficacy, and confidence in problem-solving seemed to be potential protective factors and were also predictive of trauma-related growth. Although the study was cross sectional, the data suggest that it may be possible to predict factors that are protective and therefore offer some hope in terms of developing preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":15399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Correctional Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1078345819879752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47537979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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