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Report on workshop held 6 December 1985 at the Institute of Health Policy Analysis, Georgetown University Medical Center, 2121 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 关于1985年12月6日在华盛顿特区西北威斯康星大道2121号乔治城大学医学中心卫生政策分析研究所举行的讲习班的报告。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90180-9
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引用次数: 0
A check-list for observational research? 观察性研究的检查清单?
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90123-8
Jan P. Vandenbroucke
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引用次数: 6
Time-dependency in Cox's regression analysis Cox回归分析中的时间依赖性
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90055-5
Paul G.H. Mulder
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引用次数: 0
Tuberculosis control assisted by family planning 在计划生育的协助下控制结核病
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90179-2
R.T. Ravenholt
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引用次数: 1
A short note on the history of the randomized controlled trial 简要介绍一下随机对照试验的历史
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90149-4
Jan P. Vandenbroucke
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引用次数: 23
Quality of life from the epidemiologic perspective 从流行病学角度看生活质量
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90028-2
Olli S. Miettinen

In summary, from the epidemiologic perspective, the conference made it clear that:

  • 1.

    (1) In modern occcurence research in medicine, quality of life is an important aspect of health outcome, along with duration of life; and it is of interest as a determinant of outcome as well.

  • 2.

    (2) The concept of quality of life remains ill-defined but is, in the medical sense, some aggregate representation of disability discomfort, and distress resulting from illness and/or medical action.

  • 3.

    (3) In medicine, quality of life is, in concept, specific to various types of clinical situation; and empirical scales need to be similarly situation-specific.

  • 4.

    (4) Whereas clinical research on quality of life is already being conducted successfully, further development of scales specific to particular types of clinical situation remains a challenge to theorists of quality of life, as well as to experts on clinimetrics who collaborate with clinical specialists.

总之,从流行病学的角度来看,会议明确指出:1.(1)在现代医学事件研究中,生活质量是健康结果的一个重要方面,与生命的持续时间一样;(2)生活质量的概念仍然不明确,但在医学意义上,它是由疾病和/或医疗行动引起的残疾、不适和痛苦的一些综合代表。(3)在医学上,生活质量在概念上是针对各种类型的临床情况的;(4)尽管关于生活质量的临床研究已经成功地进行了,但对于生活质量理论家以及与临床专家合作的临床计量学专家来说,进一步开发针对特定类型临床情况的量表仍然是一个挑战。
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引用次数: 47
Assessment of psychological morbidity in primary care: Explorations with the general health questionnaire 初级保健心理疾病的评估:普通健康问卷的探索
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9681(87)80035-8
Donald M. Berwick , Simon Budman , Josephine Damico-White , Michael Feldstein , Gerald L. Klerman

The 30-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was completed by 1649 new adult enrollees in a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Factor analysis of responses disclosed six factors (Anxiety/Strain, Confidence, Depression, Energy, Social Function, and Insomnia) and a strong tendency for items of similar wording (positive phrasing) to cluster together.

Elevations of GHQ scores, especially when persistent over two administrations of the GHQ separated by 7 months, were strongly associated with the probability of both mental health and non-mental health care within 12 months of enrollment. Anxiety/Strain, Depression, and Social Function scores were associated with the probability of use; Confidence and Energy factors were not. Once in care a member's rate of use of service was relatively independent of the response pattern to the GHQ at enrollment.

对1649名新加入健康维护机构(HMO)的成人健康问卷(GHQ)进行了问卷调查,问卷的因子分析揭示了焦虑/紧张、自信、抑郁、精力、社会功能和失眠6个因素,并发现相似措辞(积极措辞)的项目有很强的聚类倾向。GHQ评分的升高,特别是在相隔7个月的两次GHQ治疗中持续升高,与入组后12个月内出现精神健康和非精神健康护理的概率密切相关。焦虑/紧张、抑郁和社会功能得分与使用概率相关;信心和精力因素则不然。一旦得到照顾,成员使用服务的比率相对独立于注册时对GHQ的反应模式。
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引用次数: 30
Estimating epidemiologic parameters by regression 用回归估计流行病学参数
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90138-X
Daniel Smith
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引用次数: 5
Identification of non-fatal myocardial infarction through hospital discharge data in Western Australia 通过西澳大利亚医院出院资料鉴定非致死性心肌梗死
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90078-6
C.A. Martin, M.S.T. Hobbs, B.K. Armstrong

The validity of identifying incident cases of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 1971 and 1982 in Western Australia from routine hospital records was assessed in ages 25–64 years, according to the WHO criteria defined in 1970 and 1983. This was done by reviewing original data sources and by using the Perth Coronary Register of 1971 as an external reference.

Events with a coded discharge diagnosis of acute or subacute ischemic heart disease were found to be highly sensitive (97%) for cases of “definite” AMI (WHO 1983 criteria). The specificity of such events was lower (positive predictive value of about 70%) and validation of these events would be necessary for studies requiring high specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of these events for “definite” AMI seemed quite stable over time with similar values being observed in 1971 and 1978. Although the situation for “possible” AMI (non-fatal) is less clear, certainly many more records would need to be reviewed to validate this diagnosis.

根据1970年和1983年WHO定义的标准,对1971年至1982年间西澳大利亚州常规医院记录中识别非致死性急性心肌梗死(AMI)病例的有效性进行了评估。这是通过回顾原始数据来源和使用1971年珀斯冠状动脉登记作为外部参考来完成的。急性或亚急性缺血性心脏病的编码出院诊断事件对“明确”AMI (WHO 1983标准)病例高度敏感(97%)。这些事件的特异性较低(阳性预测值约为70%),对于要求高特异性的研究,有必要对这些事件进行验证。随着时间的推移,这些事件对“明确”AMI的敏感性和特异性似乎相当稳定,在1971年和1978年观察到类似的值。虽然“可能的”AMI(非致命性)的情况不太清楚,但肯定需要更多的记录来验证这一诊断。
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引用次数: 16
Factors influencing haematological measurements in healthy adults 影响健康成人血液学测量的因素
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90144-5
R.S.C. Rodger , K. Fletcher , B.J. Fail , H. Rahman , L. Sviland , P.J. Hamilton

By studying 516 healthy adults normal reference intervals were established for the Coulter “S” haematological indices with the plasma ferritin, B12, folate and red cell folate in a subgroup of 306. Significant sex related differences were found for all measurements other than MCV, MCH and B12. After allowing for these sex related differences, the effects of age, body size, fasting, smoking, alcohol, exercise and contraceptive pill usage on the parameters studied was defined.

通过对516名健康成人的研究,建立了306人血浆铁蛋白、B12、叶酸和红细胞叶酸的库尔特S血液学指标的正常参考区间。除MCV、MCH和B12外,所有测量结果均存在显著的性别差异。考虑到这些与性别相关的差异后,年龄、体型、禁食、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼和避孕药使用对研究参数的影响被定义。
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引用次数: 34
期刊
Journal of chronic diseases
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