Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of STANDARD™ M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 and Savanna® Respiratory Viral Panel-4 assays for the rapid molecular diagnosis of influenza A/B virus, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Juulia Suominen,&nbsp;Raisa Loginov,&nbsp;Hannimari Kallio-Kokko","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The occurrence of respiratory infections caused by seasonal viruses influenza A/B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 has increased the demand for rapid diagnostic assays. Comparative performance data of such assays is required.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study, clinical samples were tested with the STANDARD™ M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 test and the novel Savanna® Respiratory Viral Panel-4 tests, with Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV as the reference. All three are RT-PCR tests suitable for point-of-care testing. Discordant results on the Savanna assay were retested with a new research-use-only protocol. Serial dilution testing for all three was performed with an external control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 141 clinical samples, including 106 specimens positive for at least one virus, were analyzed. The M10 assay showed sensitivities of 100 %, 95.7 %, 97.1 % and 97.0 % for influenza A, B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The Savanna assay showed sensitivities of 92.6 %, 95.7 %, 100 % and 90.9 %. Both assays exhibited high specificity (≥99 %), except for the Savanna assay’s lower specificity for RSV (94.2 %) and SARS-CoV-2 (94.3 %). Savanna had a higher retest rate (5.0 %), while M10 produced only conclusive results. Serial dilution testing showed that Xpert detected three viruses more effectively than the other assays.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both M10 and Savanna performed well for influenza A/B, but M10 was superior for RSV and SARS-CoV-2 due to false positives with Savanna. The new Savanna protocol showed promise, but further studies are required to confirm these findings. Xpert assay was the most sensitive for detecting low viral amounts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of human adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) from 2016 to 2019","authors":"Amy J. Kinzler ,&nbsp;Mary E. Wikswo ,&nbsp;G.K. Balasubramani ,&nbsp;Helen Eleni Aslanidou D’Agostino ,&nbsp;Theresa Sax ,&nbsp;Klancie Dauer ,&nbsp;Geoffrey A. Weinberg ,&nbsp;Peter Szilyagi ,&nbsp;Leila C. Sahni ,&nbsp;Julie A. Boom ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Schuster ,&nbsp;Rangaraj Selvarajan ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Harrison ,&nbsp;Mary A. Staat ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Payne ,&nbsp;Natasha B. Halasa ,&nbsp;Eileen J. Klein ,&nbsp;Janet A. Englund ,&nbsp;Judith M. Martin ,&nbsp;Robert Hickey ,&nbsp;John V. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. However, the AGE burden from human adenoviruses (HAdV) is not fully defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence and characteristics associated with HAdV in U.S. children.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We enrolled AGE case-patients &lt;18 years of age in inpatient and emergency department (ED) settings and healthy controls &lt;11 years of age between December 2016 and November 2019 at seven pediatric medical centers. Demographic and clinical data and stools were prospectively collected. Stools were tested for HAdV F40/41 using multiplex molecular panels. A subset of 120 HAdV-positive samples was genotyped.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HAdV was detected in 168 (8 %) of 2229 ED patients, 164 (8 %) of 2151 inpatients, and 23 (1 %) of 2090 healthy controls. AGE case-patients positive for HAdV were more likely to be &lt;3 years of age and more likely to report diarrhea (86 % vs 67 %) and dehydration (43 % vs 31 %) than HAdV-negative case-patients (p &lt; 0.0001, all comparisons). Age did not differ significantly between HAdV-positive and negative controls. HAdV-positive AGE case-patients were less likely to have acute respiratory symptoms than HAdV-negative case-patients (8 % vs 18 %, p &lt; 0.0001). The most frequently detected HAdV genotype was F41 (n = 106, 88 %). Other potential pathogens were detected in 36 % of HAdV-positive AGE case-patients and 43 % of controls; <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> was most common.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HAdV accounted for 8 % of medically attended AGE in both inpatient and ED settings in the U.S., primarily in young children. The majority of cases were type F41, which may inform future vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and sociodemographic correlates of emergent or evolving HIV drug resistance in low viral load specimens in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Hanwei Sudderuddin ,&nbsp;Charlotte Johanna Beelen ,&nbsp;Jenny Li ,&nbsp;Wendy Zhang ,&nbsp;Melanie C.M. Murray ,&nbsp;Viviane D. Lima ,&nbsp;Julio S.G. Montaner ,&nbsp;Chanson J. Brumme","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/methods</h3><div>Treatment guidelines recommend genotypic HIV drug resistance testing (DRT) at virologic failure, typically for plasma viral loads (pVL) &gt; 1000 HIV RNA c/mL. In some settings, DRT can be performed on low viral load (LVL) samples (pVL of 50–250 c/mL); however, such testing is resource-intensive and its clinical benefit is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the frequency and factors associated with emergent resistance in LVL samples using a comprehensive, provincial database of HIV Protease-Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase sequences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 43,979 Protease-RT DRTs were performed in British Columbia between 1999 and 2022, of which 2970 (6.8 %) were on LVL samples. Testing was successful for 1575 (53.0 %) LVL samples compared to 81.4 % and 94.4 % of samples with pVL 250–999 and pVL ≥ 1000 c/mL, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to prior genotypes collected from samples with pVL &gt; 250 c/mL, a total of 104 (7.3 %) cases of new or evolving drug resistance were identified from 1423 LVL DRTs. Of these, 49.5 %, 42.9 % and 22.9 % exhibited new Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase and Protease resistance, respectively. Of 9309 Integrase DRTs performed between 2008 and 2022, only 4 (1.2 %) cases of new or evolving integrase resistance were observed. Multivariable analyses identified clinical/sociodemographic factors significantly associated with emergent resistance, including time elapsed between DRTs, historic cumulative resistance and NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Emergent or evolving resistance is identified infrequently in low viral load specimens. Given its resource-intensive nature, resistance testing of low viral load specimens may not be generally warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinated implementation of a conventional PCR assay to detect all Ebola and Marburg virus species in a European laboratory network","authors":"K.C. Heimsch ,&nbsp;T. Bleicker ,&nbsp;T.D. Best ,&nbsp;L.D. Presser ,&nbsp;R. Molenkamp ,&nbsp;A.J. Jääskeläinen ,&nbsp;A. Milewska ,&nbsp;J. Šmahelová ,&nbsp;C. Baronti ,&nbsp;S. Pappa ,&nbsp;I. Tabain ,&nbsp;R. Cordeiro ,&nbsp;G. Marsili ,&nbsp;K. Huik ,&nbsp;V. Pinho dos Reis ,&nbsp;L. Barzon ,&nbsp;P. Maes ,&nbsp;C. Drosten ,&nbsp;V.M. Corman","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and primates. These viruses pose significant threats to public health, making rapid and sensitive detection critical for controlling outbreaks. We developed and validated a hemi-nested generic PanFilo assay to detect all Ebola virus species, Marburg viruses, and recently discovered bat filoviruses. This assay was deployed to 15 European laboratories and evaluated through testing of eight non-infectious samples.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Laboratories were asked to determine the detection limit of positive controls and test all samples using the assay provided. The deployed assay enables direct Nanopore sequencing of PCR products, by using tagged primers during the second round of PCR. Sequencing of the samples was carried out on a voluntary basis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multicenter validation revealed a 95 % limit of detection of 5309 RNA copies/µL for Ebola, 10,273 copies/µL for Marburg, and 2145 copies/µL for Mengla virus. In an implementation quality assessment, 93.3 % (84/90) of samples containing filovirus RNA were correctly identified and 100 % (30/30) of filovirus-negative samples were correctly identified. Thirteen laboratories sequenced PCR products, with nine identifying all positive samples correctly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The assay enables rapid and reliable detection of filoviruses, with sequencing capabilities for identifying both known and novel variants. This assay might be used for detection during the initial phase of an emerging filovirus outbreak, before a specific assay has been developed. However, our distribution across 15 laboratories revealed variability challenges due to reagents, human performance, and sequencing capacity, emphasizing the need for more training and standardization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial” [J. Clin. Virol. 155C (2022) 105248]","authors":"Damian Balmforth ,&nbsp;James A. Swales ,&nbsp;Laurence Silpa ,&nbsp;Alan Dunton ,&nbsp;Kay E. Davies ,&nbsp;Stephen G. Davies ,&nbsp;Archana Kamath ,&nbsp;Jayanti Gupta ,&nbsp;Sandeep Gupta ,&nbsp;M. Abid Masood ,&nbsp;Áine McKnight ,&nbsp;Doug Rees ,&nbsp;Angela J. Russell ,&nbsp;Manu Jaggi ,&nbsp;Rakesh Uppal","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105782","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-mortem study of endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, OC43, 229E and HKU-1) in deaths of children under five in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) study","authors":"Vicky Baillie ,&nbsp;Ziyaad Dangor ,&nbsp;Dianna M. Blau ,&nbsp;Sana Mahtab ,&nbsp;Jeanie du Toit ,&nbsp;Nega Assefa ,&nbsp;Joseph Oundo ,&nbsp;Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam ,&nbsp;J. Anthony G. Scott ,&nbsp;Soter Ameh ,&nbsp;Ikechukwu Udo Ogbuanu ,&nbsp;Julius Ojulong ,&nbsp;James Bunn ,&nbsp;Karen L. Kotloff ,&nbsp;Samba O. Sow ,&nbsp;Milagritos D. Tapia ,&nbsp;Adama Mamby Keita ,&nbsp;Marcelino Garrine ,&nbsp;Inacio Mandomando ,&nbsp;Rosauro Varo ,&nbsp;Shabir A. Madhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43) are common causes of mild or asymptomatic respiratory infections in children but are considered rare causes of death.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated pediatric deaths from January 2017 through December 2022. A panel of experts determined the cause of death (CoD) by reviewing available data, including pathological and molecular findings from minimally invasive tissue sampling (lung tissues, blood, CSF, and nasopharyngeal swabs), clinical records, and verbal autopsies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Endemic HCoV were detected in the respiratory samples of 3 % (n = 86/3357) of enrolled decedents: 1 % (n = 12/2043) of neonates, 5 % (n = 35/681) of infants and 6 % (n = 39/633) of children deaths. However, HCoVs were attributed as the CoD in only two cases — both involving young infants with underlying birth defects and severe wasting, who succumbed to polymicrobial hospital-acquired infections involving <em>HCoV-OC43</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>. Amongst the remaining 84 decedents in whom an HCoV was detected, 82 % (n = 69/84; median Ct of 25.34; range: 15.28–36.17) were deaths attributed to other infections, including 54 % (n = 32/69; median Ct of 23.86; range: 15.28–35.2) with lower respiratory infections determined to be the CoD. The bulk of these deaths (96 %, n = 66/69) were attributed to other pathogens – <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> (27 %, n = 19/69), <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (23 %, n = 16/69), <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (20 %, n = 14/69), <em>Escherichia coli</em> (16 %, n = 11/69) and Cytomegalovirus (10 %, n = 7/69).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although endemic HCoV was identified in children who died of respiratory infections, it was rarely attributed to being in the CoD. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to explore the potential role of HCoVs in LRTI pathogenesis and their impact on facilitating more pathogenic infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolving landscape of Norovirus GII genotypes in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Juhi Nagar ,&nbsp;Akansha Tandekar ,&nbsp;Surya Singh ,&nbsp;Vishal Diwan ,&nbsp;Greeshma C. Ravindran ,&nbsp;Rajnarayan R. Tiwari ,&nbsp;Pradyumna Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Nema","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally, with genotypic variation influencing epidemiology and disease outcomes. Understanding the distribution and prevalence of different Norovirus genotypes is crucial for public health surveillance and intervention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review of Norovirus genotypes in Asia from 2000 to 2023. The review adhered to PRISMA Guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42024572647). We extracted data on the prevalence of 22 genotypes and their genetic variations over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review highlighted Norovirus GII.4 as highly prevalent across Asia, particularly in India, Taiwan, Vietnam, and China. GII.2 dominated Indonesia, GII.3 prevailed in Malaysia, Russia, and Bangladesh, GII.7 in Bangladesh, and GII.17 in China, Taiwan, and Nepal, with notable epidemiological shifts between 2012 and 2016 and GII.4 resurgence from 2017.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the dynamic nature of Norovirus genotypic distribution in Asia, with both persistent dominance of certain genotypes and notable regional variations. The cyclic patterns of genotype prevalence, particularly the shifts between GII.4 and GII.17, underline the need for ongoing genotypic surveillance to inform targeted public health responses. The data underscores the complexity of Norovirus epidemiology and the importance of maintaining vigilance in monitoring emerging and re-emerging strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of subtyping influenza A amongst H5N1 surveillance efforts","authors":"Samuel M. Goodfellow,&nbsp;Jennifer Dien Bard,&nbsp;Cristina Costales","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and genotypic diversity of rhinovirus in school-age children with acute respiratory illnesses seeking medical care","authors":"Dithi Banerjee ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Schuster ,&nbsp;Claire M. Midgley ,&nbsp;Brian Lee ,&nbsp;Mary Moffatt ,&nbsp;Joana Y. Lively ,&nbsp;Ariana P. Toepfer ,&nbsp;Geoffrey A. Weinberg ,&nbsp;Julie A. Boom ,&nbsp;Leila C. Sahni ,&nbsp;Vasanthi Avadhanula ,&nbsp;Pedro A. Piedra ,&nbsp;Mary Allen Staat ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Payne ,&nbsp;Natasha Halasa ,&nbsp;John V. Williams ,&nbsp;Robert W. Hickey ,&nbsp;Marian G. Michaels ,&nbsp;Janet A. Englund ,&nbsp;Eileen J. Klein ,&nbsp;Rangaraj Selvarangan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rhinovirus (RV) associated acute respiratory illness (ARI) data come mostly from infants and young children. We present data from 5 to 17-year-olds to characterize RV species A, B and C.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During December 1, 2016–Nov 30, 2017, seven U.S. New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) sites performed active pediatric ARI surveillance of inpatients (IP) and emergency department (ED) patients using molecular platforms to detect multiple respiratory pathogens. RV or RV/enterovirus (EV) positive specimens without co-detections were sequenced. Demographic and clinical data collected via parent interview and chart review were analyzed descriptively by RV species, month, and hospital setting, using chi-squared tests for comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RV or RV/EV was detected in 581/2298 (25.3 %) ARI patients; 529 were single detections, 516 of these had sufficient sample for sequencing, and 420 (81.4 %) yielded sequence results: RV-A (183, 35.5 %), RV-B (16, 3.1 %), RV-C (210, 40.7 %), non-typeable RV (2, 0.4 %), and EV (9, 1.7 %). Among 52 RV-A, 8 RV-B and 44 RV-C unique types identified, A49 (32, 61.5 %), B6 (5, 62.5 %) and C15 (22, 50 %) were predominant. History of asthma was reported in 65.4 % RV-A, 50 % RV-B and 78.5 % RV-C patients (<em>p</em> = 0.005). Hospitalization occurred in 63.4 % RV-A, 37.5 % RV-B and 71.4 % RV-C patients (<em>p</em> = 0.012). RV-C detections peaked during winter and RV-A peaked during summer-fall.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RV exhibited genetic diversity in 5–17-year-old ARI patients, and circulation differed by RV species. Among children seeking care in ED or hospital settings, with confirmed RV or RV/EV single detections, hospitalization was more common with RV-A and -C than RV-B.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly specific serological diagnosis of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) encephalitis by novel antibody isotype assay with multiple viral antigens","authors":"Mathias Schlegel ,&nbsp;Petra Allartz ,&nbsp;Ariane Wenzel ,&nbsp;Thomas Faupel ,&nbsp;Klemens Loester ,&nbsp;Dennis Tappe","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human bornavirus encephalitis is an emerging, severe and nearly uniformly fatal zoonotic disease in Germany. The etiological pathogens so far encompass the Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) and the variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1). While BoDV-1 is at least harbored by the white-toothed shrew (<em>Crocidura leucodon</em>) as a natural reservoir and autochthonous in Germany, VSBV-1 has been detected in captive exotic squirrels with an unknown geographical origin. Clinically, a rapid progression is typical for both forms of bornavirus encephalitis, however, medical awareness is low, and therefore treatment attempts are notably delayed. Diagnosis relies on symptomatology, epidemiology, imaging, and virologic testing. One cornerstone of laboratory diagnosis is serology with limitations in sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Here, we describe a newly developed spot immunoassay using recombinant BoDV-1 nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), accessory protein X (X), and glycoprotein (GP) to detect bornavirus-reactive IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A comparatively large cohort encompassing 14 patients with BoDV-1 encephalitis and one individual with VSBV-1 encephalitis were tested. In addition, 241 patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology, 58 interference samples, as well as 40 blood donor samples were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The combined use of different antibody isotype-specific conjugates with four different BoDV-1-specific proteins (N/P/X/GP) while employing a newly developed evaluation scheme enabled a highly specific (97–100 %) diagnosis in patients with either form of bornavirus encephalitis, with a sensitivity of up to 92 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The novel spot immunoassay is an easy-to-use approach for the specific and sensitive serological diagnosis of human bornavirus encephalitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}