Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.00577.r1
A. Tron, J. Mun
{"title":"Retraction Note: Prelithiation of Alpha Phase Nanosheet-Type VOPO4·2H2O Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"A. Tron, J. Mun","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2021.00577.r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.00577.r1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2022.00129
Byung-Kwon Kim, Kyungsoon Park
Agarose hydrogel, a solid electrolyte, was investigated voltammetrically in terms of transport properties and natural convection effects using a ferrocenyl compound as a redox probe. To confirm the diffusion properties of solute on the agarose interface, the diffusion coefficients (D) of ferrocenemethanol in agarose hydrogel were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) according to the concentration of agarose hydrogel. While the value of D on the agarose interface is smaller than that in the bulk solution, the square root of the scan rate-dependent peak current reveals that the mass transport behavior of the solute on the agarose surface shows negligible convection or migration effects. In order to confirm the reduced natural convection on the gel interface, scan rate-dependent CV was performed in the solution phase and on the agarose surface, respectively. Slow scan voltammetry at the gel interface can determine a conventional and reproducible diffusion-controlled current down to a scan rate of 0.3 mV/s without any complicated equipment.
{"title":"Mass Transport Properties and Influence of Natural Convection for Voltammetry at the Agarose Hydrogel Interface","authors":"Byung-Kwon Kim, Kyungsoon Park","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2022.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2022.00129","url":null,"abstract":"Agarose hydrogel, a solid electrolyte, was investigated voltammetrically in terms of transport properties and natural convection effects using a ferrocenyl compound as a redox probe. To confirm the diffusion properties of solute on the agarose interface, the diffusion coefficients (D) of ferrocenemethanol in agarose hydrogel were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) according to the concentration of agarose hydrogel. While the value of D on the agarose interface is smaller than that in the bulk solution, the square root of the scan rate-dependent peak current reveals that the mass transport behavior of the solute on the agarose surface shows negligible convection or migration effects. In order to confirm the reduced natural convection on the gel interface, scan rate-dependent CV was performed in the solution phase and on the agarose surface, respectively. Slow scan voltammetry at the gel interface can determine a conventional and reproducible diffusion-controlled current down to a scan rate of 0.3 mV/s without any complicated equipment.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47011315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2022.00143
Fei Chen, Gang Zhang, Yiluo Zhang, Shiyu Cao, Jun Li
The application of polymer composite electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery (ASSLSBs) can guarantee high energy density and improve the interface contact between electrolyte and electrode, which has a broader application pros-pect. However, the inherent insulation of the sulfur-cathode leads to a low electron/ion transfer rate. Carbon materials with high electronic conductivity and electrolyte materials with high ionic conductivity are usually selected to improve the elec-tron/ion conduction of the composite cathode. In this work, PEO-LiTFSI-LLZO composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) with high ionic conductivity was prepared. The ionic conductivity was 1.16×10 -4 and 7.26×10 -4 S cm -1 at 20 o C and 60 o C, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite sulfur cathode was prepared with Sulfur, reduced graphene oxide and composite polymer electrolyte slurry (S-rGO-CPEs). In addition to improving the ion conductivity in the cathode, CPEs also replaces the role of binder. The influence of different contents of CPEs in the cathode material on the performance of the constructed battery was investigated. The results show that the electrochemical performance of the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery is the best when the content of the composite electrolyte in the cathode is 40%. Under the condition of 0.2C and 45 o C, the charging and discharging capacity of the first cycle is 923 mAh g -1 , and the retention capacity is 653 mAh g -1 after 50 cycles.
聚合物复合电解质在全固态锂硫电池(ASSLSBs)中的应用可以保证高能量密度，改善电解质与电极之间的界面接触，具有更广阔的应用前景。然而，硫阴极固有的绝缘性导致了低的电子/离子转移速率。通常选择具有高电子导电性的碳材料和具有高离子导电性的电解质材料来提高复合阴极的电子-电子/离子导电性。本文制备了具有高离子电导率的PEO-LiTFSI-LLZO复合聚合物电解质(CPE)。在20℃和60℃时离子电导率分别为1.16×10 -4和7.26×10 -4 S cm -1。同时，用硫、还原氧化石墨烯和复合聚合物电解质浆料(s - rgo - cpe)制备复合硫阴极。cpe除了提高阴极离子的导电性外，还取代了粘结剂的作用。研究了正极材料中不同CPEs含量对所制电池性能的影响。结果表明:当阴极复合电解质含量为40%时，全固态锂硫电池的电化学性能最佳;在0.2C和45℃条件下，第一次循环充放电容量为923 mAh g -1，循环50次后的保持容量为653 mAh g -1。
{"title":"Preparation of rGO-S-CPEs Composite Cathode and Electrochemical Performance of All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery","authors":"Fei Chen, Gang Zhang, Yiluo Zhang, Shiyu Cao, Jun Li","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2022.00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2022.00143","url":null,"abstract":"The application of polymer composite electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery (ASSLSBs) can guarantee high energy density and improve the interface contact between electrolyte and electrode, which has a broader application pros-pect. However, the inherent insulation of the sulfur-cathode leads to a low electron/ion transfer rate. Carbon materials with high electronic conductivity and electrolyte materials with high ionic conductivity are usually selected to improve the elec-tron/ion conduction of the composite cathode. In this work, PEO-LiTFSI-LLZO composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) with high ionic conductivity was prepared. The ionic conductivity was 1.16×10 -4 and 7.26×10 -4 S cm -1 at 20 o C and 60 o C, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite sulfur cathode was prepared with Sulfur, reduced graphene oxide and composite polymer electrolyte slurry (S-rGO-CPEs). In addition to improving the ion conductivity in the cathode, CPEs also replaces the role of binder. The influence of different contents of CPEs in the cathode material on the performance of the constructed battery was investigated. The results show that the electrochemical performance of the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery is the best when the content of the composite electrolyte in the cathode is 40%. Under the condition of 0.2C and 45 o C, the charging and discharging capacity of the first cycle is 923 mAh g -1 , and the retention capacity is 653 mAh g -1 after 50 cycles.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43962971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.01018
Hyeong-Seok Chang, Sanghoon Ji, Miso Rho, Byoung-Min Lee, Sung‐Soo Kim, Jae‐Hak Choi
Silicon (Si) has attracted considerable attention due to its high theoretical capacity compared to conventional graphite anode materials. However, Si-based anode materials suffer from rapid capacity loss due to mechanical failure caused by large volume change during cycling. To alleviate this phenomenon, crosslinked polymeric binders with strong interactions are highly desirable to ensure the electrode integrity. In this study, thermally crosslinked polyimide binders were used for Si-alloy anodes in Li-ion batteries. The crosslinked polyimide binder was found to have high adhesion strength, resulting in enhanced electrode integrity during cycling. Therefore, the Si-alloy anodes with crosslinked polyimide binder provide enhanced electrochemical performance, such as Coulombic efficiency, capacity retention, and cycle stability.
{"title":"Thermally Crosslinked Polyimide Binders for Si-alloy Anodes in Li-ion Batteries","authors":"Hyeong-Seok Chang, Sanghoon Ji, Miso Rho, Byoung-Min Lee, Sung‐Soo Kim, Jae‐Hak Choi","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2021.01018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.01018","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) has attracted considerable attention due to its high theoretical capacity compared to conventional graphite anode materials. However, Si-based anode materials suffer from rapid capacity loss due to mechanical failure caused by large volume change during cycling. To alleviate this phenomenon, crosslinked polymeric binders with strong interactions are highly desirable to ensure the electrode integrity. In this study, thermally crosslinked polyimide binders were used for Si-alloy anodes in Li-ion batteries. The crosslinked polyimide binder was found to have high adhesion strength, resulting in enhanced electrode integrity during cycling. Therefore, the Si-alloy anodes with crosslinked polyimide binder provide enhanced electrochemical performance, such as Coulombic efficiency, capacity retention, and cycle stability.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45682188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.01263
Bhavya Padha, S. Verma, P. Mahajan, S. Arya
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a unique non-destructive technique employed to analyze various devices in different energy storage applications. It characterizes materials and interfaces for their properties in heterogeneous systems employing equivalent circuits as models. So far, it has been used to analyze the performance of various photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, batteries, and other energy storage devices, through equivalent circuit designing. This review highlights the diverse applications of EIS in fuel cells and specific parameters affecting its performance. A particular emphasis has been laid on the challenges faced by this technique and their possible solutions.
{"title":"Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Performance Analysis and Challenges in Fuel Cell Applications","authors":"Bhavya Padha, S. Verma, P. Mahajan, S. Arya","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2021.01263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.01263","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a unique non-destructive technique employed to analyze various devices in different energy storage applications. It characterizes materials and interfaces for their properties in heterogeneous systems employing equivalent circuits as models. So far, it has been used to analyze the performance of various photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, batteries, and other energy storage devices, through equivalent circuit designing. This review highlights the diverse applications of EIS in fuel cells and specific parameters affecting its performance. A particular emphasis has been laid on the challenges faced by this technique and their possible solutions.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44601477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.01074
V. Meena, H. R. Ghatak
The study presents kinetics of degradation and mineralization of an anti-epileptic drug Lamotrigine (LAM) in the aqueous matrix by electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) on Ti/DSA (Ta 2 O 5 -Ir 2 O 5 ) and Stainless Steel (SS) anodes using sodium sulphate as supporting electrolyte. On both the anodes, kinetic behaviour was pseudo-first-order for degradation as well as mineralization of LAM. On Ti/DSA anode, maximum LAM degradation of 75.42% was observed at an associated specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm 2 and 100 ppm Na 2 SO 4 concentration. Maximum mineralization attained was 44.83% at an associated specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/ cm 2 and 50 ppm concentration of Na 2 SO 4 with energy consumption of 2942.71 kWh/kgTOC. Under identical conditions on SS anode, a maximum of 98.92% LAM degradation was marked after a specific charge (Q) of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm 2 and 100 ppm concentration of Na 2 SO 4 . Maximum LAM mineralization on SS anode was 98.53%, marked at a specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm 2 and 75 ppm concentration of Na 2 SO 4 , with energy consumption of 1312.17 kWh/kgTOC. Higher Mineralization Current Efficiency (MCE) values were attained for EAOP on SS anode for both degradation and mineralization due to occurrence of combined electro-oxidation and elec-tro-coagulation process in comparison to EAOP on Ti/DSA anode due to occurrence of lone electro-oxidation process.
{"title":"Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Lamotrigine at Ti/DSA (Ta2O5-Ir2O5) and Stainless Steel Anodes","authors":"V. Meena, H. R. Ghatak","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2021.01074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.01074","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents kinetics of degradation and mineralization of an anti-epileptic drug Lamotrigine (LAM) in the aqueous matrix by electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) on Ti/DSA (Ta 2 O 5 -Ir 2 O 5 ) and Stainless Steel (SS) anodes using sodium sulphate as supporting electrolyte. On both the anodes, kinetic behaviour was pseudo-first-order for degradation as well as mineralization of LAM. On Ti/DSA anode, maximum LAM degradation of 75.42% was observed at an associated specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm 2 and 100 ppm Na 2 SO 4 concentration. Maximum mineralization attained was 44.83% at an associated specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/ cm 2 and 50 ppm concentration of Na 2 SO 4 with energy consumption of 2942.71 kWh/kgTOC. Under identical conditions on SS anode, a maximum of 98.92% LAM degradation was marked after a specific charge (Q) of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm 2 and 100 ppm concentration of Na 2 SO 4 . Maximum LAM mineralization on SS anode was 98.53%, marked at a specific charge of 3.1 (Ah/litre) at a current density of 1.38 mA/cm 2 and 75 ppm concentration of Na 2 SO 4 , with energy consumption of 1312.17 kWh/kgTOC. Higher Mineralization Current Efficiency (MCE) values were attained for EAOP on SS anode for both degradation and mineralization due to occurrence of combined electro-oxidation and elec-tro-coagulation process in comparison to EAOP on Ti/DSA anode due to occurrence of lone electro-oxidation process.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43004417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2022.00045
E. Aleman-Gama, Alan J. Cornejo-Martell, S. Kamaraj, K. Juárez, S. Silva-Martínez, A. Alvarez‐Gallegos
The high internal resistance (R int ) that develops across the sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) limits their power production (~4/10 mW m -2 ) that can be recovered from an initial oil-contaminated sediment (OCS). In the anolyte, R int is related to poor biodegradation activity, quality and quantity of contaminant content in the sediment and anode material. While on the catholyte, R int depends on the properties of the catholyte, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the cathode material. In this work, the main factors limiting the power output of the SMFC have been minimized. The power output of the SMFC was increased (47 times from its initial value, ~4 mW m -2 ) minimizing the SMFC R int (28 times from its initial value, 5000 ohms), following the main modifications. Anolyte: the initial OCS was amended with several amounts of gasoline and kerosene. The best anaerobic microbial activity of indigenous populations was better adapted (without more culture media) to 3 g of kerosene. Catholyte: ORR was catalyzed in birnessite/carbon fabric (CF)-cathode at pH 2, 0.8 M Na 2 SO 4 . At the class level, the main microbial groups (Gammaproteobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria) with electroactive members were found at C-anode and were associated with the high-power densities obtained. Gasoline is more difficult to biodegrade than kerosene. However, in both cases, SMFC biodegradation activity and power output are increased when ORR is performed on birnessite/CF in 0.8 M Na 2 SO 4 at pH 2. The work discussed here can focus on bioremediation (in heavy OCS) or energy production in future work.
沉积物微生物燃料电池(SMFC)的高内阻(R int)限制了其从初始油污染沉积物(OCS)中回收的功率(~4/10 mW m -2)。在阳极液中，R int与生物降解活性差、沉积物和阳极材料中污染物含量的质量和数量有关。而在阴极上，R int取决于阴极、氧还原反应(ORR)和正极材料的性质。在这项工作中，限制SMFC输出功率的主要因素已被最小化。在主要修改之后，SMFC的输出功率增加了(比其初始值增加了47倍，约4 mW m -2)，最小化了SMFC的R int(比其初始值增加了28倍，5000欧姆)。anoolyte:最初的OCS被添加了少量的汽油和煤油。在不增加培养基的情况下，3 g煤油对本地种群厌氧微生物活性的影响最大。在pH为2、0.8 M na2so4条件下，在碳素矿/碳织物(CF)阴极上催化ORR。在类水平上，在c -阳极上发现了具有电活性成员的主要微生物群(γ变形菌属、科里菌属、放线菌属、阿尔法变形菌属)，并与获得的高功率密度相关。汽油比煤油更难生物降解。然而，在这两种情况下，当在pH为2的0.8 M na2so4中对birnesite /CF进行ORR时，SMFC的生物降解活性和功率输出都增加了。这里讨论的工作可以集中在生物修复(在重OCS)或能源生产在未来的工作。
{"title":"Boosting Power Generation by Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell in Oil-Contaminated Sediment Amended with Gasoline/Kerosene","authors":"E. Aleman-Gama, Alan J. Cornejo-Martell, S. Kamaraj, K. Juárez, S. Silva-Martínez, A. Alvarez‐Gallegos","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2022.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2022.00045","url":null,"abstract":"The high internal resistance (R int ) that develops across the sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) limits their power production (~4/10 mW m -2 ) that can be recovered from an initial oil-contaminated sediment (OCS). In the anolyte, R int is related to poor biodegradation activity, quality and quantity of contaminant content in the sediment and anode material. While on the catholyte, R int depends on the properties of the catholyte, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the cathode material. In this work, the main factors limiting the power output of the SMFC have been minimized. The power output of the SMFC was increased (47 times from its initial value, ~4 mW m -2 ) minimizing the SMFC R int (28 times from its initial value, 5000 ohms), following the main modifications. Anolyte: the initial OCS was amended with several amounts of gasoline and kerosene. The best anaerobic microbial activity of indigenous populations was better adapted (without more culture media) to 3 g of kerosene. Catholyte: ORR was catalyzed in birnessite/carbon fabric (CF)-cathode at pH 2, 0.8 M Na 2 SO 4 . At the class level, the main microbial groups (Gammaproteobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria) with electroactive members were found at C-anode and were associated with the high-power densities obtained. Gasoline is more difficult to biodegrade than kerosene. However, in both cases, SMFC biodegradation activity and power output are increased when ORR is performed on birnessite/CF in 0.8 M Na 2 SO 4 at pH 2. The work discussed here can focus on bioremediation (in heavy OCS) or energy production in future work.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69567095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.00934
Nibedita Samanta, M. Chandra, S. Maji, P. Venkatesh, S. Annapoorani, Ashish Jain
In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm 2 O 3 to SmCl 3 using AlCl 3 in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl 3 , Al 2 O 3 , unreacted Sm 2 O 3 and AlCl 3 in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attri-butes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallo-graphic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl 3 , duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl 3 in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by dou-bling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl 3 in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.
{"title":"Studying Thermochemical Conversion of Sm2O3 to SmCl3 using AlCl3 in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Melt","authors":"Nibedita Samanta, M. Chandra, S. Maji, P. Venkatesh, S. Annapoorani, Ashish Jain","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2021.00934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.00934","url":null,"abstract":"In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm 2 O 3 to SmCl 3 using AlCl 3 in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl 3 , Al 2 O 3 , unreacted Sm 2 O 3 and AlCl 3 in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attri-butes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallo-graphic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl 3 , duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl 3 in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by dou-bling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl 3 in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43829684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.00647
Yeşim DEDE SAĞSÖZ, A. Yılmaz, F. Ekmekyapar Torun, B. Kocadagistan, Sinan Kul
In this study, electrochemical treatment of urban wastewater with electrical conductivity of 1000 µS cm -1 and chemical oxygen demand of 250 mg L -1 was investigated using the variables of initial pH value, current density and flow rate. Electrocoagulation was used, in which aluminum and stainless steel were selected, as the electrochemical treatment process. The electrocoagulation process was operated in continuous mode. The data obtained in experimental studies show that the best COD removal efficiency occurred in experiments where the initial pH value was 6. The increase in current density from 5 A to 15 A decreased the removal efficiency from 79 to 67%. The increase in flow rate under constant current density also reduced the efficiency of removal as expected. In experiments in which current density and flow rate were examined together, the increase in flow rate allowed the application of higher current densities. This situation led to considerable reductions in energy consumption values, even if the COD removal efficiency did not significantly increase. The high COD removal obtained with the use of high flow rate and high current density indicates that the electrocoagulation process can be used for high flow rate municipal wastewater treatment.
以电导率为1000µS cm -1、化学需氧量为250 mg L -1的城市污水为研究对象，以初始pH值、电流密度和流速为变量，进行了电化学处理。采用电絮凝法，选择铝和不锈钢作为电化学处理工艺。电凝过程在连续模式下运行。实验研究数据表明，初始pH值为6时，COD去除率最佳。当电流密度从5 A增加到15 A时，去除率从79%下降到67%。恒流密度下流速的增加也如预期的那样降低了去除效率。在电流密度和流速同时进行的实验中，流速的增加允许应用更高的电流密度。这种情况导致能耗值显著降低，即使COD去除效率没有显著提高。在大流量、大电流密度条件下获得的高COD去除率表明电絮凝工艺可用于大流量城市污水处理。
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Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.00689
M. A. Kamenskii, S. Eliseeva, A. Volkov, V. Kondratiev
Electrochemical properties of LiMn 2 O 4 cathode were investigated in three types of Zn-containing electrolytes: lithium-zinc sulfate electrolyte (1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 ), zinc sulfate electrolyte (2 M ZnSO 4 ) and lithium-zinc-manganese sulfate electrolyte (1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 / 0.1 M MnSO 4 ). Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrated that LiMn 2 O 4 is electrochemically inactive in pure ZnSO 4 electrolyte after initial oxidation. The effect of manganese (II) additive in the zinc-manganese sulfate electrolyte on the electrochemical performance was analyzed. The initial capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 is higher in presence of MnSO 4 (140 mAh g -1 in 1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 / 0.1 M MnSO 4 and 120 mAh g -1 in 1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 ). The capacity increase can be explained by the electrodeposition of MnO x layer on the electrode surface. Structural characterization of postmortem electrodes with use of XRD and EDX analysis confirmed that partially formed in pure ZnSO 4 electrolyte Zn-containing phase leads to fast capacity fading which is probably related to blocked electroactive sites.
采用3种含锌电解质:锂-硫酸锌电解质(1 M znso4 / 2 M li2so4)、硫酸锌电解质(2 M znso4)和锂-锌-硫酸锰电解质(1 M znso4 / 2 M li2so4 / 0.1 M mnso4)，研究了锂-锌-锰阴极的电化学性能。循环伏安法测定表明，在初始氧化后的纯znso4电解液中，limn2o4具有电化学活性。分析了锰(II)添加剂对硫酸锌锰电解液电化学性能的影响。在mnso4的存在下，limn2o4的初始容量更高(在1 M znso4 / 2 M li2so4 / 0.1 M mnso4中为140 mAh g -1，在1 M znso4 / 2 M li2so4中为120 mAh g -1)。容量的增加可以通过在电极表面电沉积mnox层来解释。通过XRD和EDX分析对电极进行结构表征，证实了部分形成于纯znso4电解质含锌相中导致容量快速衰减，这可能与电活性位点被阻断有关。
{"title":"Electrochemical Performance of LiMn2O4 Cathodes in Zn-Containing Aqueous Electrolytes","authors":"M. A. Kamenskii, S. Eliseeva, A. Volkov, V. Kondratiev","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2021.00689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.00689","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical properties of LiMn 2 O 4 cathode were investigated in three types of Zn-containing electrolytes: lithium-zinc sulfate electrolyte (1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 ), zinc sulfate electrolyte (2 M ZnSO 4 ) and lithium-zinc-manganese sulfate electrolyte (1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 / 0.1 M MnSO 4 ). Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrated that LiMn 2 O 4 is electrochemically inactive in pure ZnSO 4 electrolyte after initial oxidation. The effect of manganese (II) additive in the zinc-manganese sulfate electrolyte on the electrochemical performance was analyzed. The initial capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 is higher in presence of MnSO 4 (140 mAh g -1 in 1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 / 0.1 M MnSO 4 and 120 mAh g -1 in 1 M ZnSO 4 / 2 M Li 2 SO 4 ). The capacity increase can be explained by the electrodeposition of MnO x layer on the electrode surface. Structural characterization of postmortem electrodes with use of XRD and EDX analysis confirmed that partially formed in pure ZnSO 4 electrolyte Zn-containing phase leads to fast capacity fading which is probably related to blocked electroactive sites.","PeriodicalId":15542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrochemical science and technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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