Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00220345251368274
N Lacin,C Sfeir
Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as a promising biomaterial, drawing significant attention for its potential in biomedical applications. As Mg-based products are in several clinical trials and in clinical use, it is timely to summarize the current knowledge of the biological effects and clinical potential with a special emphasis on oral and craniomaxillofacial applications. Mg-based biomaterials offer biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties suitable for various clinical applications. These characteristics make them promising alternatives to polymers and permanent metals used in implantable devices, meshes, and fixation plates, effectively addressing challenges such as stress shielding, inflammation, and the need for removal surgeries. Their degradation enables gradual native tissue replacement while providing initial support, which is why most of the devices were developed for bone fixation applications. Clinically, Mg-based biomaterials such as resorbable membranes and bone grafts show potential in guided bone/tissue regeneration. In the United States, there is one FDA-approved Mg-based device for orthopedic applications compared with more regulatory approvals in Europe and Asia (at the time of writing). The main limitations that have delayed their widespread clinical use are the variable site-dependent degradation of Mg and Mg's effect as a biological agent, which adds another layer to the regulatory process. Studies show Mg's pro-osteogenic, anti-osteoclastic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Mg enhances bone regeneration by activating signaling pathways in mesenchymal stem cells and modulating the immune response. As research progresses, innovative Mg delivery systems leveraging its biological properties may utilize the potential of Mg-based biomaterials for advancing regenerative therapies. This review explores the following: (1) the current status of Mg-based biomaterials in clinical applications, (2) the corrosion properties of Mg metal devices and the biological interactions of degradation by-products, (3) the biological and immunomodulatory role of Mg in bone regeneration, and (4) the use of Mg-based biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration.
{"title":"Magnesium-Based Resorbable Biomaterials: Biological Effects to Clinical Use.","authors":"N Lacin,C Sfeir","doi":"10.1177/00220345251368274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251368274","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as a promising biomaterial, drawing significant attention for its potential in biomedical applications. As Mg-based products are in several clinical trials and in clinical use, it is timely to summarize the current knowledge of the biological effects and clinical potential with a special emphasis on oral and craniomaxillofacial applications. Mg-based biomaterials offer biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties suitable for various clinical applications. These characteristics make them promising alternatives to polymers and permanent metals used in implantable devices, meshes, and fixation plates, effectively addressing challenges such as stress shielding, inflammation, and the need for removal surgeries. Their degradation enables gradual native tissue replacement while providing initial support, which is why most of the devices were developed for bone fixation applications. Clinically, Mg-based biomaterials such as resorbable membranes and bone grafts show potential in guided bone/tissue regeneration. In the United States, there is one FDA-approved Mg-based device for orthopedic applications compared with more regulatory approvals in Europe and Asia (at the time of writing). The main limitations that have delayed their widespread clinical use are the variable site-dependent degradation of Mg and Mg's effect as a biological agent, which adds another layer to the regulatory process. Studies show Mg's pro-osteogenic, anti-osteoclastic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Mg enhances bone regeneration by activating signaling pathways in mesenchymal stem cells and modulating the immune response. As research progresses, innovative Mg delivery systems leveraging its biological properties may utilize the potential of Mg-based biomaterials for advancing regenerative therapies. This review explores the following: (1) the current status of Mg-based biomaterials in clinical applications, (2) the corrosion properties of Mg metal devices and the biological interactions of degradation by-products, (3) the biological and immunomodulatory role of Mg in bone regeneration, and (4) the use of Mg-based biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"220345251368274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00220345251366279
Y Ding,J Luan,H S Malmstrom,X Luan,T G H Diekwisch
The interplay between osteogenesis and angiogenesis is an important prerequisite for successful bone regeneration as it provides capillary supply to the initial bone lamellae involved in skeletogenesis. The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key signaling pathways promoting both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the regenerative potential of microRNA-27 (miR-27) by delivering miR-27 mimic via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to enhance periodontal tissue repair through the targeted modulation of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 (SFRP1). Our study demonstrated that inflammatory conditions inhibit the expression and function of miR-27 in a periodontitis model. miR-27 treatment significantly upregulated key modulators of periodontal regeneration, including osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, and COL1) and angiogenic factors (CD31, CD34, and VEGF). This treatment also resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase activity and enhanced mineral deposition, alongside improved spheroid sprouting and tube formation in Matrigel cultures. LNPs were applied to optimize miR-27 delivery for efficient transfection. In vivo implantation revealed that miR-27 accelerated extracellular matrix remodeling in subcutaneous implants, induced a 6-fold increase in neovascularization, and significantly enhanced periodontal tissue formation and bone regeneration, as evidenced by a 43.9% reduction in the distance between the alveolar bone ridge and the cementoenamel junction. Mechanistically, miR-27 promoted osteogenic and angiogenic responses by suppressing SFRP1, a known Wnt signaling inhibitor and validated target of miR-27, thereby activating the Wnt pathway. Together, these studies demonstrate that miR-27 mimic functioned as a bioactive molecule promoting periodontal tissue regeneration through angiogenesis coinciding with osteogenesis. Our study also suggests that the miR-27-LNPs/scaffold combination is an exciting novel agent for the treatment of periodontal disease.
{"title":"Mir-27 Promotes Periodontal Regeneration via Osteogenesis/Angiogenesis.","authors":"Y Ding,J Luan,H S Malmstrom,X Luan,T G H Diekwisch","doi":"10.1177/00220345251366279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251366279","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay between osteogenesis and angiogenesis is an important prerequisite for successful bone regeneration as it provides capillary supply to the initial bone lamellae involved in skeletogenesis. The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key signaling pathways promoting both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the regenerative potential of microRNA-27 (miR-27) by delivering miR-27 mimic via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to enhance periodontal tissue repair through the targeted modulation of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 (SFRP1). Our study demonstrated that inflammatory conditions inhibit the expression and function of miR-27 in a periodontitis model. miR-27 treatment significantly upregulated key modulators of periodontal regeneration, including osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, and COL1) and angiogenic factors (CD31, CD34, and VEGF). This treatment also resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase activity and enhanced mineral deposition, alongside improved spheroid sprouting and tube formation in Matrigel cultures. LNPs were applied to optimize miR-27 delivery for efficient transfection. In vivo implantation revealed that miR-27 accelerated extracellular matrix remodeling in subcutaneous implants, induced a 6-fold increase in neovascularization, and significantly enhanced periodontal tissue formation and bone regeneration, as evidenced by a 43.9% reduction in the distance between the alveolar bone ridge and the cementoenamel junction. Mechanistically, miR-27 promoted osteogenic and angiogenic responses by suppressing SFRP1, a known Wnt signaling inhibitor and validated target of miR-27, thereby activating the Wnt pathway. Together, these studies demonstrate that miR-27 mimic functioned as a bioactive molecule promoting periodontal tissue regeneration through angiogenesis coinciding with osteogenesis. Our study also suggests that the miR-27-LNPs/scaffold combination is an exciting novel agent for the treatment of periodontal disease.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"220345251366279"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00220345251368263
K Seo,J Moon,R Bhat,U Mangal,S-H Choi,J-S Kwon
Dental caries caused by cariogenic biofilms is a significant challenge in modern dentistry, especially with aligner treatments, where biofilms can easily build up during prolonged use and lead to serious risks. Traditional antimicrobial methods focus on bacterial killing and often overlook the vital task of removing the biofilm matrix, allowing the quick reattachment of bacteria. In this study, we introduce an osmotic-driven biofilm removal strategy that harnesses osmotic dynamics to remove entire biofilm structures physically. Internal osmotic pressure is generated by a precisely designed cationic copolymer, triggering controlled detachment of the biofilm matrix. When tested in vitro on Streptococcus mutans biofilms grown on dental aligners and in hard-to-reach interproximal spaces, our method eliminated biofilms more efficiently than traditional cleaning methods. The technique showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, highlighting the need for further polymer optimization. Overall, our osmotic-driven biofilm removal strategy significantly advances biofilm control strategies, offering a novel solution for improving oral health and presenting a potential physical removal method for medical settings.
{"title":"Cationic Polymer for Aligner and Oral Biofilm Removal via Osmotic Mechanism.","authors":"K Seo,J Moon,R Bhat,U Mangal,S-H Choi,J-S Kwon","doi":"10.1177/00220345251368263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251368263","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries caused by cariogenic biofilms is a significant challenge in modern dentistry, especially with aligner treatments, where biofilms can easily build up during prolonged use and lead to serious risks. Traditional antimicrobial methods focus on bacterial killing and often overlook the vital task of removing the biofilm matrix, allowing the quick reattachment of bacteria. In this study, we introduce an osmotic-driven biofilm removal strategy that harnesses osmotic dynamics to remove entire biofilm structures physically. Internal osmotic pressure is generated by a precisely designed cationic copolymer, triggering controlled detachment of the biofilm matrix. When tested in vitro on Streptococcus mutans biofilms grown on dental aligners and in hard-to-reach interproximal spaces, our method eliminated biofilms more efficiently than traditional cleaning methods. The technique showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, highlighting the need for further polymer optimization. Overall, our osmotic-driven biofilm removal strategy significantly advances biofilm control strategies, offering a novel solution for improving oral health and presenting a potential physical removal method for medical settings.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"220345251368263"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00220345251363561
T Tuwatnawanit,N Anthwal,A S Tucker
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a critical role in the daily activities of mastication and communication, with disorders of the TMJ significantly impairing quality of life. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are highly prevalent, presenting a pressing need for regenerative therapies. The TMJ's key components-condyle, TMJ disc, and glenoid fossa-are crucial for proper function; however, the limited self-repair capability of these tissues makes managing TMJ pathology particularly challenging. Emerging research in animal models has emphasized the importance of fibrocartilage stem/progenitor cells (FCSCs) located in and around the superficial layers of the condyle. Lineage tracing of condylar FCSCs in vivo has identified subpopulations with different contributions to growth and homeostasis, providing potential targets for regenerative therapies. In addition to the FCSCs, niche-supporting cells have been recently identified in the superficial layers of the condyle, further highlighting the complex cellular environment of the TMJ. Several signaling pathways, including Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch, play pivotal roles in establishing cell fate in the developing and growing TMJ and have been additionally implicated in both the control of FCSC populations and progression of TMDs. Recent research has used this understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the creation of the joint to stimulate the endogenous stem cells/FCSCs of the adult in vivo, leading to enhancement of regenerative capacity in mouse, rat, rabbit, and porcine injury and disease models. Manipulation of signaling pathways has been combined with advanced bioengineering techniques, providing scaffolds to allow controlled dispersal of activators and inhibitors. Such advances in understanding the triggers and molecular mechanisms that control TMJ FCSCs, combined with improved targeting of specific signaling pathways, have opened new avenues for regenerative therapies. These insights have begun to be leveraged in the development of novel hydrogel-based injectable regenerative therapeutic approaches to not only alleviate symptoms but also promote true regeneration of TMJ structures.
{"title":"Activating Endogenous Condylar Stem Cells to Enhance TMJ Repair.","authors":"T Tuwatnawanit,N Anthwal,A S Tucker","doi":"10.1177/00220345251363561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251363561","url":null,"abstract":"The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a critical role in the daily activities of mastication and communication, with disorders of the TMJ significantly impairing quality of life. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are highly prevalent, presenting a pressing need for regenerative therapies. The TMJ's key components-condyle, TMJ disc, and glenoid fossa-are crucial for proper function; however, the limited self-repair capability of these tissues makes managing TMJ pathology particularly challenging. Emerging research in animal models has emphasized the importance of fibrocartilage stem/progenitor cells (FCSCs) located in and around the superficial layers of the condyle. Lineage tracing of condylar FCSCs in vivo has identified subpopulations with different contributions to growth and homeostasis, providing potential targets for regenerative therapies. In addition to the FCSCs, niche-supporting cells have been recently identified in the superficial layers of the condyle, further highlighting the complex cellular environment of the TMJ. Several signaling pathways, including Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch, play pivotal roles in establishing cell fate in the developing and growing TMJ and have been additionally implicated in both the control of FCSC populations and progression of TMDs. Recent research has used this understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the creation of the joint to stimulate the endogenous stem cells/FCSCs of the adult in vivo, leading to enhancement of regenerative capacity in mouse, rat, rabbit, and porcine injury and disease models. Manipulation of signaling pathways has been combined with advanced bioengineering techniques, providing scaffolds to allow controlled dispersal of activators and inhibitors. Such advances in understanding the triggers and molecular mechanisms that control TMJ FCSCs, combined with improved targeting of specific signaling pathways, have opened new avenues for regenerative therapies. These insights have begun to be leveraged in the development of novel hydrogel-based injectable regenerative therapeutic approaches to not only alleviate symptoms but also promote true regeneration of TMJ structures.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"220345251363561"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00220345251368752
Z Ye,X Zhou,J Yu,X Chen,Y Huang,Q Xia,Y Xie,X Tong,Z Chen,Y Li,L Zhu,C Wen,J Lin,J Ma
Endocrowns represent a minimally invasive treatment option for endodontically treated teeth. However, in the anterior dentition, they are more likely to cause fractures in the abutment teeth due to the influence of lateral forces. Developing endocrowns that closely replicate the mechanical properties of the different components of natural teeth offers a promising strategy for improving the biomechanical performance of single-component restorations. Therefore, this study reports a novel multilevel ceramic composite achieved through fabrication of a diamond-topology lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic scaffold using vat photopolymerization, followed by toughening through potassium nitrate ion exchange (IE) and epoxy resin infiltration. This ceramic composite exhibited mechanical properties close to those of human dentin and therefore can prevent catastrophic stress-induced fractures of the abutment teeth due to enhanced toughness. Heating treatment and phase analyses were conducted to determine the optimal debinding and sintering parameters. Residual stress measurements, flexural strength testing, and microhardness evaluations were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the IE-toughened LD. In addition, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, and toughness of the ceramic composite were comprehensively characterized, using Vita Enamic and human dentin as reference materials. With the optimization of the heat-treatment and IE processes, the ceramic composite achieved a maximum compressive strength of 217 ± 11.8 MPa and a minimum elastic modulus of 3.7 ± 0.1 GPa, similar to the elastic modulus of human dentin (1.9 ± 0.4 GPa). In addition, the 0.25RD (relative density) composite group showed a maximum energy absorption of 37.7 ± 1.9 MJ/m³. The quasi in situ compression test revealed that the enhanced toughness primarily resulted from microcrack aggregation, interface delamination, and macroscopic crack splitting.
{"title":"A Biomimetic Li2Si2O5 Composite with High Energy Absorption for Endocrowns.","authors":"Z Ye,X Zhou,J Yu,X Chen,Y Huang,Q Xia,Y Xie,X Tong,Z Chen,Y Li,L Zhu,C Wen,J Lin,J Ma","doi":"10.1177/00220345251368752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251368752","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrowns represent a minimally invasive treatment option for endodontically treated teeth. However, in the anterior dentition, they are more likely to cause fractures in the abutment teeth due to the influence of lateral forces. Developing endocrowns that closely replicate the mechanical properties of the different components of natural teeth offers a promising strategy for improving the biomechanical performance of single-component restorations. Therefore, this study reports a novel multilevel ceramic composite achieved through fabrication of a diamond-topology lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic scaffold using vat photopolymerization, followed by toughening through potassium nitrate ion exchange (IE) and epoxy resin infiltration. This ceramic composite exhibited mechanical properties close to those of human dentin and therefore can prevent catastrophic stress-induced fractures of the abutment teeth due to enhanced toughness. Heating treatment and phase analyses were conducted to determine the optimal debinding and sintering parameters. Residual stress measurements, flexural strength testing, and microhardness evaluations were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the IE-toughened LD. In addition, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, and toughness of the ceramic composite were comprehensively characterized, using Vita Enamic and human dentin as reference materials. With the optimization of the heat-treatment and IE processes, the ceramic composite achieved a maximum compressive strength of 217 ± 11.8 MPa and a minimum elastic modulus of 3.7 ± 0.1 GPa, similar to the elastic modulus of human dentin (1.9 ± 0.4 GPa). In addition, the 0.25RD (relative density) composite group showed a maximum energy absorption of 37.7 ± 1.9 MJ/m³. The quasi in situ compression test revealed that the enhanced toughness primarily resulted from microcrack aggregation, interface delamination, and macroscopic crack splitting.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"220345251368752"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00220345251368273
Y J Zhang,Y Li,S Y Mo,J W Liu,X T Song,K Y Fu,Q F Xie,X X Xu,Y Cao
Acute occlusal interference may induce chronic masticatory myalgia in some individuals. The potential factors and underlying mechanisms that predispose one to occlusion-related masticatory myalgia remain unclear. Anxiety has been shown to facilitate pain perception. The ventral tegmental area, a critical component of the mesolimbic dopamine circuit, is involved in the neural networks shared by anxiety and pain. Whether anxiety levels influence masticatory myalgia induced by occlusal interference and what role the ventral tegmental area plays in this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we quantified the inborn variability in anxiety levels of male Sprague-Dawley rats using the elevated plus maze. We observed that high anxiety levels enhanced mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle following application of experimental occlusion interference. Immunofluorescence and in vivo electrophysiologic experiments revealed differences in the activity of dopaminergic neurons and low-frequency oscillations in the ventral tegmental area of rats with varying anxiety levels following occlusion interference. Chemogenetic manipulations of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area influenced the facilitatory effect of anxiety on occlusion interference-induced masseteric hyperalgesia. These findings provide the first evidence that anxiety can facilitate occlusion interference-induced masticatory myalgia, with the ventral tegmental area playing a crucial role in this neurobiological process.
{"title":"Anxiety Promotes Occlusal Interference-Induced Myalgia via the Mesolimbic System.","authors":"Y J Zhang,Y Li,S Y Mo,J W Liu,X T Song,K Y Fu,Q F Xie,X X Xu,Y Cao","doi":"10.1177/00220345251368273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251368273","url":null,"abstract":"Acute occlusal interference may induce chronic masticatory myalgia in some individuals. The potential factors and underlying mechanisms that predispose one to occlusion-related masticatory myalgia remain unclear. Anxiety has been shown to facilitate pain perception. The ventral tegmental area, a critical component of the mesolimbic dopamine circuit, is involved in the neural networks shared by anxiety and pain. Whether anxiety levels influence masticatory myalgia induced by occlusal interference and what role the ventral tegmental area plays in this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we quantified the inborn variability in anxiety levels of male Sprague-Dawley rats using the elevated plus maze. We observed that high anxiety levels enhanced mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle following application of experimental occlusion interference. Immunofluorescence and in vivo electrophysiologic experiments revealed differences in the activity of dopaminergic neurons and low-frequency oscillations in the ventral tegmental area of rats with varying anxiety levels following occlusion interference. Chemogenetic manipulations of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area influenced the facilitatory effect of anxiety on occlusion interference-induced masseteric hyperalgesia. These findings provide the first evidence that anxiety can facilitate occlusion interference-induced masticatory myalgia, with the ventral tegmental area playing a crucial role in this neurobiological process.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"220345251368273"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/00220345251356408
F Schwendicke,S K Sidhu,J L Ferracane,A Tichy,N S Jakubovics
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the capability to generate new content-including text, code, imagery, video, and speech-based on human prompts and is entering dental and oral research. By retrieving, analyzing, summarizing, and contextualizing vast datasets, generative AI offers substantial potential to enhance scientific workflows. It can improve documentation, communication, and reproducibility while saving time and accelerating discovery. However, its integration into research brings significant ethical, societal, and scientific challenges. Concerns include embedded data biases, automation bias, overreliance, and error propagation, all requiring critical human oversight. Furthermore, generative AI raises complex issues around plagiarism, fraud, attribution, and reproducibility, compounded by the potential for AI "hallucinations" or fabricated content. Addressing these concerns demands transparency, robust verification processes, ethical compliance, and clear documentation distinguishing synthetic from real-world data. Several scientific and regulatory bodies have published guidelines to support responsible AI use. Recommendations relevant to scientists in dental, oral, and craniofacial research include transparent disclosure of AI tools and methods, thorough verification of AI outputs, ethical oversight, and active monitoring. Scientists are urged to work collaboratively with stakeholders to enforce these principles and engage the public in the evolving discourse. The risk of misuse, particularly through fraudulent AI-generated publications, is growing. Paper mills exploiting generative AI can produce fabricated or manipulated articles, which may mislead the scientific community and distort evidence bases. Coordinated action, involving journals, institutions, and ethics bodies, is essential to combat these threats. As generative AI continues to evolve, adaptive and harmonized guidelines will be necessary to safeguard scientific integrity. Researchers, reviewers, and editors must play a proactive role in ensuring that AI serves to advance-not undermine-the quality and trustworthiness of dental and oral science.
{"title":"Generative AI: Opportunities, Risks, and Responsibilities for Oral Sciences.","authors":"F Schwendicke,S K Sidhu,J L Ferracane,A Tichy,N S Jakubovics","doi":"10.1177/00220345251356408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251356408","url":null,"abstract":"Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the capability to generate new content-including text, code, imagery, video, and speech-based on human prompts and is entering dental and oral research. By retrieving, analyzing, summarizing, and contextualizing vast datasets, generative AI offers substantial potential to enhance scientific workflows. It can improve documentation, communication, and reproducibility while saving time and accelerating discovery. However, its integration into research brings significant ethical, societal, and scientific challenges. Concerns include embedded data biases, automation bias, overreliance, and error propagation, all requiring critical human oversight. Furthermore, generative AI raises complex issues around plagiarism, fraud, attribution, and reproducibility, compounded by the potential for AI \"hallucinations\" or fabricated content. Addressing these concerns demands transparency, robust verification processes, ethical compliance, and clear documentation distinguishing synthetic from real-world data. Several scientific and regulatory bodies have published guidelines to support responsible AI use. Recommendations relevant to scientists in dental, oral, and craniofacial research include transparent disclosure of AI tools and methods, thorough verification of AI outputs, ethical oversight, and active monitoring. Scientists are urged to work collaboratively with stakeholders to enforce these principles and engage the public in the evolving discourse. The risk of misuse, particularly through fraudulent AI-generated publications, is growing. Paper mills exploiting generative AI can produce fabricated or manipulated articles, which may mislead the scientific community and distort evidence bases. Coordinated action, involving journals, institutions, and ethics bodies, is essential to combat these threats. As generative AI continues to evolve, adaptive and harmonized guidelines will be necessary to safeguard scientific integrity. Researchers, reviewers, and editors must play a proactive role in ensuring that AI serves to advance-not undermine-the quality and trustworthiness of dental and oral science.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"213 1","pages":"220345251356408"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1177/00220345251384972
{"title":"Corrigendum to Molecular Profiling of Odontoclasts during Physiological Tooth Replacement","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00220345251384972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251384972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1177/00220345251350135
L Huang,X Yang,Z Bai,Y Lu,J Bian,H Xie,C Chen,K Chen
The degradation of exposed collagen fibers in the deep layers of dentin during bonding procedures hampers its durability. Inducing the remineralization of demineralized dentin areas and inhibiting collagen degradation can improve bonding durability. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has garnered attention for its positive effects on bonding durability. The positive effects on dentin remineralization and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition are concentration dependent; high concentrations increase cytotoxicity. This study investigated the use of complexes of resveratrol and cucurbit[n]uril (Q[6] and Q[7]) to maintain adequate concentrations and achieve a stable rate of release in the deep dentin layers without causing cytotoxicity. Resveratrol and Q[n] complexes (Res@Q[n]) were prepared and their structures and the extent of resveratrol release were examined using analytical chemistry methods and quantum chemical analysis. In addition, the effects of resveratrol and the complexes of Res@Q[n] on cell cytotoxicity, recombinant type I collagen and dentin mineralization, microtensile bond strength (µTBS), nanoleakage, rhMMP-9 colorimetric assays, and in situ zymography were compared. Resveratrol was stably released from the Res@Q[n] complexes for nearly a month, reducing the cell cytotoxicity of high concentrations of the polyphenol, exhibiting stronger inhibition of MMPs, and facilitating more pronounced remineralization of recombinant type I collagen and dentin. Pretreating the dentin surface with complexes significantly increased the µTBS values and reduced nanoleakage and MMP activity before and after aging compared with single resveratrol. In conclusion, Res@Q[n] complexes can promote the continuous stability of the hybrid layer and improve the durability of dentin bonding compared with resveratrol alone without inducing cytotoxicity.
{"title":"The Remineralization Potential of Resveratrol and Cucurbit[n]uril.","authors":"L Huang,X Yang,Z Bai,Y Lu,J Bian,H Xie,C Chen,K Chen","doi":"10.1177/00220345251350135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251350135","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of exposed collagen fibers in the deep layers of dentin during bonding procedures hampers its durability. Inducing the remineralization of demineralized dentin areas and inhibiting collagen degradation can improve bonding durability. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has garnered attention for its positive effects on bonding durability. The positive effects on dentin remineralization and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition are concentration dependent; high concentrations increase cytotoxicity. This study investigated the use of complexes of resveratrol and cucurbit[n]uril (Q[6] and Q[7]) to maintain adequate concentrations and achieve a stable rate of release in the deep dentin layers without causing cytotoxicity. Resveratrol and Q[n] complexes (Res@Q[n]) were prepared and their structures and the extent of resveratrol release were examined using analytical chemistry methods and quantum chemical analysis. In addition, the effects of resveratrol and the complexes of Res@Q[n] on cell cytotoxicity, recombinant type I collagen and dentin mineralization, microtensile bond strength (µTBS), nanoleakage, rhMMP-9 colorimetric assays, and in situ zymography were compared. Resveratrol was stably released from the Res@Q[n] complexes for nearly a month, reducing the cell cytotoxicity of high concentrations of the polyphenol, exhibiting stronger inhibition of MMPs, and facilitating more pronounced remineralization of recombinant type I collagen and dentin. Pretreating the dentin surface with complexes significantly increased the µTBS values and reduced nanoleakage and MMP activity before and after aging compared with single resveratrol. In conclusion, Res@Q[n] complexes can promote the continuous stability of the hybrid layer and improve the durability of dentin bonding compared with resveratrol alone without inducing cytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"220345251350135"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1177/00220345251362203
X Li,Z Cao,X Chen,Y Xu,H Liu,X Wang,J Wang,L Hu,S Wang
While saliva critically maintains oral homeostasis and accelerates mucosal repair, the molecular mediators driving this regenerative capacity remain unclear. Here, we identify salivary nitrate as a neuromodulatory signal coordinating oral mucosal regeneration through sensory neuron activation. In a palatal wound model, salivary nitrate depletion (via bilateral submandibular duct ligation or dietary restriction) impaired wound healing, characterized by reduced epithelial proliferation, aberrant collagen organization, and suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression-phenotypes rescued by nitrate supplementation. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that both nitrate-dependent upregulation of Rnf112 and the enhancement of the mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathway were mechanistically linked to myelinated sensory nerve modulation. Crucially, salivary nitrate promoted the reinnervation of myelinated sensory nerve fibers, upregulated the nitrate transporter sialin (Slc17a5), and stimulated the secretion of regenerative neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and neuropeptide Y. In vitro, sialin knockdown abolished nitrate-induced cell proliferation and neuropeptide release in H4 cells while disrupting O-glycosylation, a key posttranslational modification for mucosal barrier function. Sensory neuron-specific sialin knockout mice (Slc17a5∆Trpv1, cKO) exhibited impaired neuropeptide release and failed to respond therapeutically to nitrate, confirming the indispensable role of sialin. These findings establish a sialin-dependent sensory neuropeptide axis wherein nitrate activates sensory neurons to drive mucosal regeneration, providing both mechanistic understanding of neuroepithelial crosstalk and a druggable target for tissue repair strategies.
{"title":"Salivary Nitrate Maintains Mucosal Homeostasis via the Sialin-Neuropeptide Axis.","authors":"X Li,Z Cao,X Chen,Y Xu,H Liu,X Wang,J Wang,L Hu,S Wang","doi":"10.1177/00220345251362203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251362203","url":null,"abstract":"While saliva critically maintains oral homeostasis and accelerates mucosal repair, the molecular mediators driving this regenerative capacity remain unclear. Here, we identify salivary nitrate as a neuromodulatory signal coordinating oral mucosal regeneration through sensory neuron activation. In a palatal wound model, salivary nitrate depletion (via bilateral submandibular duct ligation or dietary restriction) impaired wound healing, characterized by reduced epithelial proliferation, aberrant collagen organization, and suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression-phenotypes rescued by nitrate supplementation. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that both nitrate-dependent upregulation of Rnf112 and the enhancement of the mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathway were mechanistically linked to myelinated sensory nerve modulation. Crucially, salivary nitrate promoted the reinnervation of myelinated sensory nerve fibers, upregulated the nitrate transporter sialin (Slc17a5), and stimulated the secretion of regenerative neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and neuropeptide Y. In vitro, sialin knockdown abolished nitrate-induced cell proliferation and neuropeptide release in H4 cells while disrupting O-glycosylation, a key posttranslational modification for mucosal barrier function. Sensory neuron-specific sialin knockout mice (Slc17a5∆Trpv1, cKO) exhibited impaired neuropeptide release and failed to respond therapeutically to nitrate, confirming the indispensable role of sialin. These findings establish a sialin-dependent sensory neuropeptide axis wherein nitrate activates sensory neurons to drive mucosal regeneration, providing both mechanistic understanding of neuroepithelial crosstalk and a druggable target for tissue repair strategies.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"220345251362203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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