Velu Manya, A. Amutha, P. Latha, R. Unnikrishnan, Viswanathan Mohan, R. Anjana
{"title":"Perceptions and behavioral patterns of Asian Indian adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes","authors":"Velu Manya, A. Amutha, P. Latha, R. Unnikrishnan, Viswanathan Mohan, R. Anjana","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82082778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barnali Ray Basu, Sanchari Chakraborty, Ankita Samaddar, Randrita Pal, S. Saha, Nilansu Das
{"title":"Vitamin D and pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: A case–control study","authors":"Barnali Ray Basu, Sanchari Chakraborty, Ankita Samaddar, Randrita Pal, S. Saha, Nilansu Das","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_122_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_122_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85358577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) seems to be conveying increased risk in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on the risk of prevalence and mortality in diabetic COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the data from diabetic patients admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data, and the course and outcomes were recorded. Results: The records of 352 diabetic patients were compared to 333 non-diabetic controls. The mean age of 184 male and 168 female patients was 63.7±13.0 (30–91). The length of hospital stay, rate of Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality were higher in the diabetic population compared to the non-diabetic counterparts. ICU admission and mortality rates were significantly higher in the group with HbA1c higher than 7%. The rate of ICU admission and mortality was significantly higher in participants with elevated HbA1cConclusions: Uncontrolled DM is among detrimental comorbidities contributing to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and good control of serum glucose levels will improve prognosis in COVID-19. The diabetic population with poor glycemic control succumbed more to COVID-19.
{"title":"Glycolyzed hemoglobin as a poor prognostic factor in diabetic COVID-19 patients","authors":"E. Torun Parmaksız, E. Parmaksız","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_120_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_120_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) seems to be conveying increased risk in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on the risk of prevalence and mortality in diabetic COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the data from diabetic patients admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data, and the course and outcomes were recorded. Results: The records of 352 diabetic patients were compared to 333 non-diabetic controls. The mean age of 184 male and 168 female patients was 63.7±13.0 (30–91). The length of hospital stay, rate of Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality were higher in the diabetic population compared to the non-diabetic counterparts. ICU admission and mortality rates were significantly higher in the group with HbA1c higher than 7%. The rate of ICU admission and mortality was significantly higher in participants with elevated HbA1cConclusions: Uncontrolled DM is among detrimental comorbidities contributing to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and good control of serum glucose levels will improve prognosis in COVID-19. The diabetic population with poor glycemic control succumbed more to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82151298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Discovered a hundred years ago, glucagon continues to amaze clinicians globally with its range of functions affecting the entire human physiology. Although initially it was considered just an opposer of insulin action, recent years have seen that glucagon has a plethora of effects on body metabolism. However, many aspects of the complex regulatory mechanisms of glucagon secretion and its impact on nutrient metabolism are yet to be clearly elucidated. Understanding the physiology of glucagon secretion and action is the key to the development of pharmacological agents which would impact on metabolic disorders. Glucagon secretion is regulated by a variety of factors, including meal type, paracrine hormone secretion from α and β cross-talk, incretin hormones, and the autonomic nervous system, among others. On the other hand, glucagon has manifold effects on glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as a significant impact on thermogenesis, satiety, and the cardiovascular system. This article collates the physiological mechanisms of glucagon secretion and action, incorporating the latest in glucagon research.
{"title":"Novel insights into the physiological functions of glucagon","authors":"Kalyan Kumar Gangopadhyay, Jagat Jyoti Mukherjee","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_100_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_100_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Discovered a hundred years ago, glucagon continues to amaze clinicians globally with its range of functions affecting the entire human physiology. Although initially it was considered just an opposer of insulin action, recent years have seen that glucagon has a plethora of effects on body metabolism. However, many aspects of the complex regulatory mechanisms of glucagon secretion and its impact on nutrient metabolism are yet to be clearly elucidated. Understanding the physiology of glucagon secretion and action is the key to the development of pharmacological agents which would impact on metabolic disorders. Glucagon secretion is regulated by a variety of factors, including meal type, paracrine hormone secretion from α and β cross-talk, incretin hormones, and the autonomic nervous system, among others. On the other hand, glucagon has manifold effects on glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as a significant impact on thermogenesis, satiety, and the cardiovascular system. This article collates the physiological mechanisms of glucagon secretion and action, incorporating the latest in glucagon research.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erum Ghafoor, S. Masood, J. Belkhadir, Mohamed Sultan, M. Sandid, S. Baqai, N. Shegem
Diabetes is a global epidemic and public health emergency, which leads to long-term health problems, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic retinopathy, stroke, blindness, dementia, limb loss, cd cancers across the globe. Diabetes not only leads to chronic complications but also compromises the quality of life. Diabetes-related deaths totaled 6.7 million in 2021, with health expenditure reaching USD 966 billion. Diabetes technologies are new novel modalities for the management of diabetes to create ease in the life of people living with diabetes, improve glycemic control and increase life expectancies. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region consists of countries that are diverse not only in terms of culture, norms, practices, and financial and socioeconomic status. The high-income countries in this region have better access to new technologies such as insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and integrated self-management applications. Some of these modalities have government support systems, reimbursement, and subsidy policies for people with diabetes (PWD). In contrast, PWD from low- and middle-income countries still find it difficult to access diabetes-related innovations due to lack of awareness, high out-of-pocket costs, lack of trained healthcare providers, weak healthcare infrastructure, absence of reimbursement health policies, universal coverage and lack of health insurance. Diabetes care management in the MENA Region is still deprived of modern diabetes care technologies.
{"title":"Availability and accessibility of diabetes-related technologies in IDF-MENA Region","authors":"Erum Ghafoor, S. Masood, J. Belkhadir, Mohamed Sultan, M. Sandid, S. Baqai, N. Shegem","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_117_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_117_22","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a global epidemic and public health emergency, which leads to long-term health problems, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic retinopathy, stroke, blindness, dementia, limb loss, cd cancers across the globe. Diabetes not only leads to chronic complications but also compromises the quality of life. Diabetes-related deaths totaled 6.7 million in 2021, with health expenditure reaching USD 966 billion. Diabetes technologies are new novel modalities for the management of diabetes to create ease in the life of people living with diabetes, improve glycemic control and increase life expectancies. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region consists of countries that are diverse not only in terms of culture, norms, practices, and financial and socioeconomic status. The high-income countries in this region have better access to new technologies such as insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and integrated self-management applications. Some of these modalities have government support systems, reimbursement, and subsidy policies for people with diabetes (PWD). In contrast, PWD from low- and middle-income countries still find it difficult to access diabetes-related innovations due to lack of awareness, high out-of-pocket costs, lack of trained healthcare providers, weak healthcare infrastructure, absence of reimbursement health policies, universal coverage and lack of health insurance. Diabetes care management in the MENA Region is still deprived of modern diabetes care technologies.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"183 1","pages":"81 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78465044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diabetes burden in the IDF-MENA region","authors":"D. Bodhini, V. Mohan","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_125_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_125_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87746590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Odhaib, S. Masood, N. Shegem, suhad J. Khalifa, M. Abi Saad, M. Eltom, J. Belkhadir, M. Sandid, H. Iraqi, Sara Sedaghat, Hazim Abdul-Kareem, A. Ali Mansour, M. Kamel, A. Bilal
Background and Objective: The current situation in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region makes it very difficult for many countries to have an effective policy to ensure the availability and affordability of different insulin types for many individuals with diabetes mellitus in any individual country. This article comprehensively reviews the possible barriers to insulin access in countries of this region and provides some solutions to mitigate these barriers. Materials and Methods: The framework for understanding the life-cycle of medicines of the World Health Organization (WHO) was adopted for this review with country-specific modifications. PubMed was used as an initial search builder using the country name and insulin as query terms in (title/abstract) for articles written in (English and French) which dealt with humans only between (2000–2022). Out of (578) published articles, only (42) articles were relevant and dealt with insulin access. Additional search through references of these articles and the websites of international health organizations added additional (32) references to have (79) references for the review. Review (Results): The countries in the MENA are lagging in the (Research, Development, and Innovation) and production of insulin and insulin delivery systems. There are some attempts by some countries to develop their national plan with the help of some big insulin manufacturers, with a suboptimal outcome. The local insulin production in some countries did not reach full national coverage. The difficult regional economic and political situations in many countries in the MENA imposed negatively on their citizens’ insulin access, availability, affordability, cost, and insurance plans. Conclusions: There is a suboptimal level of insulin access for individuals with diabetes in the MENA countries, especially in the low-resourced countries. There is an urgent need to adopt country-specific healthcare policies to ensure uninterrupted insulin access and improved availability, with a lower affordable cost for individuals with diabetes from the public and private sectors.
{"title":"The status of insulin access in Middle East-North Africa region","authors":"S. Odhaib, S. Masood, N. Shegem, suhad J. Khalifa, M. Abi Saad, M. Eltom, J. Belkhadir, M. Sandid, H. Iraqi, Sara Sedaghat, Hazim Abdul-Kareem, A. Ali Mansour, M. Kamel, A. Bilal","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The current situation in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region makes it very difficult for many countries to have an effective policy to ensure the availability and affordability of different insulin types for many individuals with diabetes mellitus in any individual country. This article comprehensively reviews the possible barriers to insulin access in countries of this region and provides some solutions to mitigate these barriers. Materials and Methods: The framework for understanding the life-cycle of medicines of the World Health Organization (WHO) was adopted for this review with country-specific modifications. PubMed was used as an initial search builder using the country name and insulin as query terms in (title/abstract) for articles written in (English and French) which dealt with humans only between (2000–2022). Out of (578) published articles, only (42) articles were relevant and dealt with insulin access. Additional search through references of these articles and the websites of international health organizations added additional (32) references to have (79) references for the review. Review (Results): The countries in the MENA are lagging in the (Research, Development, and Innovation) and production of insulin and insulin delivery systems. There are some attempts by some countries to develop their national plan with the help of some big insulin manufacturers, with a suboptimal outcome. The local insulin production in some countries did not reach full national coverage. The difficult regional economic and political situations in many countries in the MENA imposed negatively on their citizens’ insulin access, availability, affordability, cost, and insurance plans. Conclusions: There is a suboptimal level of insulin access for individuals with diabetes in the MENA countries, especially in the low-resourced countries. There is an urgent need to adopt country-specific healthcare policies to ensure uninterrupted insulin access and improved availability, with a lower affordable cost for individuals with diabetes from the public and private sectors.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"51 1","pages":"48 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85126614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IDF-MENA Region Guidelines for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"A. Basit, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, M. Riaz","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_97_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_97_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"14 1","pages":"3 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81930815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Elleuch, F. Mnif, J. Malouf, Mohamed Benlassoued, M. Kamel, M. Abid
The prevalence of diabetes is rising faster in low- and middle-income countries. In IDF-Middle East and North Africa (MENA), one in six adults (73 million) are living with diabetes, and the number of adults with diabetes is expected to reach 95 million by 2030 and 136 million by 2045. Tunisia, a part of the IDF-MENA Region, is burdened with diabetes that is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, as well as considerable healthcare expenditure. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased from 3.8% in 1976 to 18.2% in 2019. It is higher in men. In 2016, distribution by type of treatment analyzed that 22.1% of treated people with diabetes (PWD) were on insulin and 9% were on insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). This study confirmed that 27.4% have had good control of diabetes. PWD receiving insulin do not have good control of diabetes as compared to PWD treated on oral antidiabetic drugs. The government controls all medicines pricing including insulin. The prescription of insulin depends on the organization of care. The patients can receive their treatment of diabetes either in the primary healthcare or in the hospital. Therefore, access to insulin is provided, for patients, in both rural and urban areas and in the public and private sectors. Additional challenges to insulin administration include the fact that some health professionals do not know how to use insulin analogs as they were training only on human insulins. Therefore, in Tunisia many efforts are needed to improve the prescription and the accessibility of insulin.
{"title":"Inventory of insulin access in Tunisia, IDF-MENA Region","authors":"M. Elleuch, F. Mnif, J. Malouf, Mohamed Benlassoued, M. Kamel, M. Abid","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_113_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_113_22","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diabetes is rising faster in low- and middle-income countries. In IDF-Middle East and North Africa (MENA), one in six adults (73 million) are living with diabetes, and the number of adults with diabetes is expected to reach 95 million by 2030 and 136 million by 2045. Tunisia, a part of the IDF-MENA Region, is burdened with diabetes that is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, as well as considerable healthcare expenditure. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased from 3.8% in 1976 to 18.2% in 2019. It is higher in men. In 2016, distribution by type of treatment analyzed that 22.1% of treated people with diabetes (PWD) were on insulin and 9% were on insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). This study confirmed that 27.4% have had good control of diabetes. PWD receiving insulin do not have good control of diabetes as compared to PWD treated on oral antidiabetic drugs. The government controls all medicines pricing including insulin. The prescription of insulin depends on the organization of care. The patients can receive their treatment of diabetes either in the primary healthcare or in the hospital. Therefore, access to insulin is provided, for patients, in both rural and urban areas and in the public and private sectors. Additional challenges to insulin administration include the fact that some health professionals do not know how to use insulin analogs as they were training only on human insulins. Therefore, in Tunisia many efforts are needed to improve the prescription and the accessibility of insulin.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"46 1","pages":"68 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87804415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Odhaib, A. Mansour, suhad J. Khalifa, N. Shegem, Wael Thannon, M. Saad, Hazim Abdulrazaq, J. Belkhadir, Mohamad A. Sandid, S. Masood
This short review tried to discuss the factors that affect diabetes care during humanitarian crises after the political and military conflicts in post-2003 Iraq and post-2011 Syria. The pattern of the devastating effect of the conflicts on the suboptimal healthcare system and infrastructure is quite similar. Both countries’ long-term and continuous geopolitical instability and security concerns were barriers to applying any disaster preparedness plans. They had markedly exhausted diabetes care in these countries with similar mixed public and private healthcare systems. The influx of huge numbers of refugees with chronic diseases, especially diabetes, in the neighboring host countries created pressure on the healthcare systems. It urged some changes in the national policies with the needed help from the aid organizations to an extent. The internal displacement problem for huge nationals in their country exhausted the already exhausted healthcare facilities, with more burdens on the effective equal provision of diabetes-related medication and management tools. Still, diabetes care is not included as a vital part of the mitigation plans during crises in both countries, with the main concern the communicable rather than non-communicable diseases. Type 1 diabetes mellitus received less care during the crisis in both countries, with the insulin shortage being their major concern. The availability and affordability of diabetes medications in camp and non-camp settings were suboptimal and unsatisfactory. More active planning is needed to build a well-prepared healthcare system with diabetes care as an integral part.
{"title":"Impact of humanitarian crises on diabetes care in Iraq and Syria—IDF-MENA region","authors":"S. Odhaib, A. Mansour, suhad J. Khalifa, N. Shegem, Wael Thannon, M. Saad, Hazim Abdulrazaq, J. Belkhadir, Mohamad A. Sandid, S. Masood","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_105_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_105_22","url":null,"abstract":"This short review tried to discuss the factors that affect diabetes care during humanitarian crises after the political and military conflicts in post-2003 Iraq and post-2011 Syria. The pattern of the devastating effect of the conflicts on the suboptimal healthcare system and infrastructure is quite similar. Both countries’ long-term and continuous geopolitical instability and security concerns were barriers to applying any disaster preparedness plans. They had markedly exhausted diabetes care in these countries with similar mixed public and private healthcare systems. The influx of huge numbers of refugees with chronic diseases, especially diabetes, in the neighboring host countries created pressure on the healthcare systems. It urged some changes in the national policies with the needed help from the aid organizations to an extent. The internal displacement problem for huge nationals in their country exhausted the already exhausted healthcare facilities, with more burdens on the effective equal provision of diabetes-related medication and management tools. Still, diabetes care is not included as a vital part of the mitigation plans during crises in both countries, with the main concern the communicable rather than non-communicable diseases. Type 1 diabetes mellitus received less care during the crisis in both countries, with the insulin shortage being their major concern. The availability and affordability of diabetes medications in camp and non-camp settings were suboptimal and unsatisfactory. More active planning is needed to build a well-prepared healthcare system with diabetes care as an integral part.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"111 1","pages":"38 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77137418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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