Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India is increasing day by day. This study was conducted to assess the impact of fenugreek with controlled diet in prediabetic patients of with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Study Design: Interventional parallel randomized control trial. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 prediabetics were included in the study. Patients were randomized and one group of patients received 10 g of fenugreek powder in hot water every day, whereas the second group did not receive it. Strict dietary controls were followed as per the guidelines of American Diabetic Association (ADA) protocols. The parameters were assessed on the first visit and every 3 months for 24 months. Results: Dietary addition of fenugreek leads to a reduction in blood glucose levels. Statistical analysis shows that there was a significant reduction in FBGlevels in the 24 months in the study group (P < 0.001), whereas a significant reduction in HbA1c in the 24th month (P = 0.001). Half of the study participants (52.9%, 59.2%, and 57.1% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) reported acceptable compliance about fenugreek treatment. Conclusion: Dietary addition of fenugreek can have a synergistic effect along with diet control on FBG and HbA1c.
{"title":"Antidiabetic effect and preference of fenugreek with dietary modifications in patients with prediabetes: An interventional parallel randomized study","authors":"S. Addepalli, Nilam Nigam, Shrawan Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_40_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_40_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India is increasing day by day. This study was conducted to assess the impact of fenugreek with controlled diet in prediabetic patients of with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Study Design: Interventional parallel randomized control trial. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 prediabetics were included in the study. Patients were randomized and one group of patients received 10 g of fenugreek powder in hot water every day, whereas the second group did not receive it. Strict dietary controls were followed as per the guidelines of American Diabetic Association (ADA) protocols. The parameters were assessed on the first visit and every 3 months for 24 months. Results: Dietary addition of fenugreek leads to a reduction in blood glucose levels. Statistical analysis shows that there was a significant reduction in FBGlevels in the 24 months in the study group (P < 0.001), whereas a significant reduction in HbA1c in the 24th month (P = 0.001). Half of the study participants (52.9%, 59.2%, and 57.1% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) reported acceptable compliance about fenugreek treatment. Conclusion: Dietary addition of fenugreek can have a synergistic effect along with diet control on FBG and HbA1c.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"50 1","pages":"83 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90932316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes is a chronic disease and to see the long-term glycemic control, most commonly glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is estimated. Presently, the most common method used to do HbA1c is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. But in some cases unusually, low HbA1c is recorded by the HPLC method if hemoglobin variants are present. So in those cases, alternative methods of HbA1c estimation can be used to see the long-term glycemic status. So the presence of variants must be kept in mind and should be investigated properly so that when similar cases are encountered, it can be taken care appropriately.
{"title":"An unusual case of non-measurable glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by high-performance liquid chromatography in a type 2 diabetes","authors":"Tirthankar Satpathi, V. Mohan, R. Unnikrishnan","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_89_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_89_21","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a chronic disease and to see the long-term glycemic control, most commonly glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is estimated. Presently, the most common method used to do HbA1c is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. But in some cases unusually, low HbA1c is recorded by the HPLC method if hemoglobin variants are present. So in those cases, alternative methods of HbA1c estimation can be used to see the long-term glycemic status. So the presence of variants must be kept in mind and should be investigated properly so that when similar cases are encountered, it can be taken care appropriately.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"41 1","pages":"129 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90884126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Saiyed, B. Saboo, Maitry Pancholi, Vishakh Saraf, Meet Shah
Objective: The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes among the young adolescents and adults of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the diabetes care center from August 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 by setting the inclusion criteria of patients with type 1 diabetes who had a history of at least 5 years or more and all adolescents and young adults who visited the clinic and who were willingly prepared to undergo for fundoscopy. Patients recently detected with type 1 diabetes and patients with previous retinal examination report and other forms of diabetes were excluded from the study. A total of 530 patients visited the clinic during this screening period, of which 125 patients took part in the screening. Microvascular complications screening consisted of fundoscopy and urine examination for microalbuminuria. Results: Of 125, 10 patients (8%) had diabetic retinopathy and 27 patients (21.6%) showed the presence of albumin in urine. The overall prevalence of microvascular complications was 29.6%. There were five patients with a positive history of both microvascular complications. The mean duration of diabetes was 19.6 years and the mean average glucose levels were 8.5% and 8.8%, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that despite the higher glycemic values the chances of development of complications are negligible during the initial course of type 1 diabetes. With an increase in the duration of diabetes, the prevalence of complications is observed more. Hence, in addition to constant high glycemic values, the course of the disease is also a major responsible factor.
{"title":"Prevalence of microvascular complications in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes: A descriptive study from India","authors":"M. Saiyed, B. Saboo, Maitry Pancholi, Vishakh Saraf, Meet Shah","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_101_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_101_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes among the young adolescents and adults of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the diabetes care center from August 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 by setting the inclusion criteria of patients with type 1 diabetes who had a history of at least 5 years or more and all adolescents and young adults who visited the clinic and who were willingly prepared to undergo for fundoscopy. Patients recently detected with type 1 diabetes and patients with previous retinal examination report and other forms of diabetes were excluded from the study. A total of 530 patients visited the clinic during this screening period, of which 125 patients took part in the screening. Microvascular complications screening consisted of fundoscopy and urine examination for microalbuminuria. Results: Of 125, 10 patients (8%) had diabetic retinopathy and 27 patients (21.6%) showed the presence of albumin in urine. The overall prevalence of microvascular complications was 29.6%. There were five patients with a positive history of both microvascular complications. The mean duration of diabetes was 19.6 years and the mean average glucose levels were 8.5% and 8.8%, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that despite the higher glycemic values the chances of development of complications are negligible during the initial course of type 1 diabetes. With an increase in the duration of diabetes, the prevalence of complications is observed more. Hence, in addition to constant high glycemic values, the course of the disease is also a major responsible factor.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"90 21 1","pages":"95 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81251090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Priya, G. Rajagopal, S. Bhupathiraju, V. Kavitha, Veeramarthandan Rajeswari, K. Kamala, R. Anjana, R. Unnikrishnan, V. Mohan, Sudha Vasudevan
Aim: Diabetes is a chronic progressive disease. A healthy eating pattern is essential to achieve good glycemic control (HbA1c 7%) which aids in delaying and preventing diabetes-related complications. The pivotal role of diet, a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes has not been understood completely especially in India where carbohydrate consumption is high. This study, therefore, aims to identify major dietary patterns associated with uncontrolled diabetes by using data reduction methods. Objective: To study and compare the association of dietary patterns with elevated HbA1c among known diabetic adults using three data reduction methods (principal component analysis (PCA), reduced rank regression (RRR), and partial least-squares (PLS) regression). Materials and Methods: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological followed up study (CURES) was completed in 2410 adults. Adults with diabetes (both genders, aged >20years), 573 were selected for the present analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire. Results: The PCA derived the non-vegetarian and vegetarian pattern. Both showed positive association with the risk of high HbA1c. The first pattern of RRR and PLS showed a positive association with many foods especially those contributing to increased intakes of total calories. Whereas the 2nd pattern of RRR and PLS scores both showed an inverse association with HbA1c especially with the reduction in rice-based recipes and total calories. Conclusions: The low intake of certain foods, especially white rice, directly decreased the total calories, total carbohydrate, glycemic load, and glycemic index which has a beneficial effect on glycemic control among those with diabetes.
{"title":"Identification of dietary patterns associated with poor glycemic control among free living adults with type 2 diabetes in Chennai (CURES-162)","authors":"N. Priya, G. Rajagopal, S. Bhupathiraju, V. Kavitha, Veeramarthandan Rajeswari, K. Kamala, R. Anjana, R. Unnikrishnan, V. Mohan, Sudha Vasudevan","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_124_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_124_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Diabetes is a chronic progressive disease. A healthy eating pattern is essential to achieve good glycemic control (HbA1c 7%) which aids in delaying and preventing diabetes-related complications. The pivotal role of diet, a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes has not been understood completely especially in India where carbohydrate consumption is high. This study, therefore, aims to identify major dietary patterns associated with uncontrolled diabetes by using data reduction methods. Objective: To study and compare the association of dietary patterns with elevated HbA1c among known diabetic adults using three data reduction methods (principal component analysis (PCA), reduced rank regression (RRR), and partial least-squares (PLS) regression). Materials and Methods: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological followed up study (CURES) was completed in 2410 adults. Adults with diabetes (both genders, aged >20years), 573 were selected for the present analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire. Results: The PCA derived the non-vegetarian and vegetarian pattern. Both showed positive association with the risk of high HbA1c. The first pattern of RRR and PLS showed a positive association with many foods especially those contributing to increased intakes of total calories. Whereas the 2nd pattern of RRR and PLS scores both showed an inverse association with HbA1c especially with the reduction in rice-based recipes and total calories. Conclusions: The low intake of certain foods, especially white rice, directly decreased the total calories, total carbohydrate, glycemic load, and glycemic index which has a beneficial effect on glycemic control among those with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"89 1","pages":"71 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77215771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gupta, T. Kamat, R. Chawla, M. Abhyankar, S. Revankar, Silki Walia
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation (Vibact DS) on anthropometric, glycemia, and lipid parameters in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this multicentric, retrospective, observational study, adult patients with T2DM who had received Vibact DS probiotic supplement for 3 months were identified from the patient medical records at each center. We assessed the effect of probiotic use on weight, body mass index (BMI), glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and impact on gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. Results: From 50 centers across India, data of 308 patients were analyzed retrospectively. In this sample, the mean age was 54.15 years, 60.69% were males, and the mean weight was 70.97 ± 10.38 kg. After 3 months of Vibact DS, there was a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (P < 0.0001 for each parameter). Mean reduction in HbA1c was statistically significant (mean change at 3 months: –0.8%; P < 0.0001). There were significant improvements in lipid parameters (P < 0.0001) excepting high-density lipoprotein. Control of GI side effects was reported in 12.66% of patients. Physicians rated excellent and very good clinical efficacy in 25.9% and 40.6% of patients, whereas excellent and very good tolerability was reported in 28.2% and 42.1% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: This real-world evidence from India shows that regular use of probiotics such as Vibact DS may significantly improve the glycemic and metabolic profile and aids in relieving GI problems in patients with T2DM.
{"title":"Probiotic supplementation (Vibact DS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Real-world experience from India","authors":"S. Gupta, T. Kamat, R. Chawla, M. Abhyankar, S. Revankar, Silki Walia","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_106_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_106_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation (Vibact DS) on anthropometric, glycemia, and lipid parameters in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this multicentric, retrospective, observational study, adult patients with T2DM who had received Vibact DS probiotic supplement for 3 months were identified from the patient medical records at each center. We assessed the effect of probiotic use on weight, body mass index (BMI), glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and impact on gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. Results: From 50 centers across India, data of 308 patients were analyzed retrospectively. In this sample, the mean age was 54.15 years, 60.69% were males, and the mean weight was 70.97 ± 10.38 kg. After 3 months of Vibact DS, there was a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (P < 0.0001 for each parameter). Mean reduction in HbA1c was statistically significant (mean change at 3 months: –0.8%; P < 0.0001). There were significant improvements in lipid parameters (P < 0.0001) excepting high-density lipoprotein. Control of GI side effects was reported in 12.66% of patients. Physicians rated excellent and very good clinical efficacy in 25.9% and 40.6% of patients, whereas excellent and very good tolerability was reported in 28.2% and 42.1% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: This real-world evidence from India shows that regular use of probiotics such as Vibact DS may significantly improve the glycemic and metabolic profile and aids in relieving GI problems in patients with T2DM.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"67 1","pages":"101 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82117898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Racial/ethnic differences cover clinical, biological, genetic, or epigenetic factors associated with disease risk, outcome, and treatment that are not related to socio-economic factors. The presence of these in type 2 diabetes mellitus produces a different perspective to the understanding and care in different races and ethnic groups. This becomes very important with individualized care that is not applied alongside these differences. Newer antidiabetic drugs with great promises do not have comparable efficacies across the races. New drug developments using genomics are similarly affected, so also their pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications. Racial/ethnic differences are found among the subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. These differences are, however, different and independent of the differences found in drug treatment, diabetic chronic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy. For the African Americans and other Blacks, the type 2 diabetes with its different manifestations has not been adequately studied. Even when data exist, they are not taken into cognizance in formulating guidelines. There is, therefore, a need for a call to action. Literature search was in PubMed, Medline, and Google, for search terms race, ethnic, differences, and type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"The racial and ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A black race narrative review","authors":"B. Ezeokpo, C. V. Ugwueze","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_127_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_127_21","url":null,"abstract":"Racial/ethnic differences cover clinical, biological, genetic, or epigenetic factors associated with disease risk, outcome, and treatment that are not related to socio-economic factors. The presence of these in type 2 diabetes mellitus produces a different perspective to the understanding and care in different races and ethnic groups. This becomes very important with individualized care that is not applied alongside these differences. Newer antidiabetic drugs with great promises do not have comparable efficacies across the races. New drug developments using genomics are similarly affected, so also their pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications. Racial/ethnic differences are found among the subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. These differences are, however, different and independent of the differences found in drug treatment, diabetic chronic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy. For the African Americans and other Blacks, the type 2 diabetes with its different manifestations has not been adequately studied. Even when data exist, they are not taken into cognizance in formulating guidelines. There is, therefore, a need for a call to action. Literature search was in PubMed, Medline, and Google, for search terms race, ethnic, differences, and type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"9 1","pages":"25 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86456698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Zabeen, Bulbul Ahmed, N. Islam, S. Tayyeb, J. Nahar, K. Azad
Aims and Objectives: Despite the advantages offered by current basal analogs, the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is a great challenge till now. Insulin degludec (IDeg) is alternative basal insulin to be used in persons not responding to other basal insulins. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of IDeg (once daily) and insulin detemir (IDet) in children and adolescents with T1D in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included T1D patients who were treated with IDet or IDeg in CDiC Diabetes Center, BIRDEM Hospital from January to June 2018. Thirty patients with IDeg were compared with 30 patients who were taking IDet; patients were randomly selected from the data set. Insulin dose requirement, weight, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c were compared at the base level and at three and six months after treatment. Results: While comparing between two groups, the median FPG was high, 15.0 (13.6–18.3) vs. 14.4 (10.5–16.9), in both groups at the base level. Over the six months, FPG was gradually reduced in both groups but significantly reduced in IDeg patients (P = 0.03), although median HbA1c was higher, 9.9 (8.4–12.0), in IDeg patients than in IDet patients, 9.3 (8.1–10.4), at the base level but reduced significantly in IDeg patients, 8.4 (7.6–9.0), compared with IDet patients, 9.0 (8.1–9.7), after six months (P = 0.042). Though mild hypoglycemia was documented, there was no incidence of severe hypoglycemia in IDet or IDeg groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our study population, the IDeg group had more improvement in glycemic control, reducing FPG, than the IDet group. Moreover, there was more reduction of basal insulin dose in IDeg than in IDet after six months of starting the therapy.
{"title":"Comparison of efficacy of detemir and degludec insulin in the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","authors":"B. Zabeen, Bulbul Ahmed, N. Islam, S. Tayyeb, J. Nahar, K. Azad","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_83_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_83_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: Despite the advantages offered by current basal analogs, the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is a great challenge till now. Insulin degludec (IDeg) is alternative basal insulin to be used in persons not responding to other basal insulins. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of IDeg (once daily) and insulin detemir (IDet) in children and adolescents with T1D in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included T1D patients who were treated with IDet or IDeg in CDiC Diabetes Center, BIRDEM Hospital from January to June 2018. Thirty patients with IDeg were compared with 30 patients who were taking IDet; patients were randomly selected from the data set. Insulin dose requirement, weight, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c were compared at the base level and at three and six months after treatment. Results: While comparing between two groups, the median FPG was high, 15.0 (13.6–18.3) vs. 14.4 (10.5–16.9), in both groups at the base level. Over the six months, FPG was gradually reduced in both groups but significantly reduced in IDeg patients (P = 0.03), although median HbA1c was higher, 9.9 (8.4–12.0), in IDeg patients than in IDet patients, 9.3 (8.1–10.4), at the base level but reduced significantly in IDeg patients, 8.4 (7.6–9.0), compared with IDet patients, 9.0 (8.1–9.7), after six months (P = 0.042). Though mild hypoglycemia was documented, there was no incidence of severe hypoglycemia in IDet or IDeg groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our study population, the IDeg group had more improvement in glycemic control, reducing FPG, than the IDet group. Moreover, there was more reduction of basal insulin dose in IDeg than in IDet after six months of starting the therapy.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"28 13 1","pages":"62 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75655971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The association between cognitive decline and diabetes mellitus has been evidenced throughout recent decades. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive decline in diabetics and nondiabetics in association with age, gender, level of education, risk factors, and duration of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective, case-control study was conducted at a tertiary-care center between May 2014 and December 2015. Patients with diabetes (n = 150) and normal patients (n = 150) were compared. Patients were divided into groups according to age, gender, education, and duration of diabetes mellitus. The Hindi mini-mental state examination (HMMSE) was used to detect cognitive decline. Results: In diabetics with HMMSE score <27, 24 (46.1%) were aged <60 years, whereas 28 (53.9%) were aged ≥60 years. In diabetics with HMMSE score ≥27, 52 (53.1%) were aged <60 years, whereas 46 (46.9%) were aged ≥60 years. This finding was not statistically significant. In nondiabetics with HMMSE score <27, 13 (34.2%) nondiabetics were aged <60 years, whereas 25 (65.8%) were aged ≥60 years. In nondiabetics with HMMSE score ≥27, 61 (54.4%) were aged <60 years, whereas 51 (45.6%) were aged ≥60 years. This finding was statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study findings revealed no statistically significant findings in diabetics. However, specific cognitive domains such as orientation to place, concentration, and drawing displayed statistical significance for cognitive decline.
{"title":"Cognitive decline in diabetics: A case-control study","authors":"N. Tipnis, G. Rajadhyaksha, Meghav M Shah","doi":"10.4103/JOD.JOD_119_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JOD.JOD_119_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The association between cognitive decline and diabetes mellitus has been evidenced throughout recent decades. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive decline in diabetics and nondiabetics in association with age, gender, level of education, risk factors, and duration of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective, case-control study was conducted at a tertiary-care center between May 2014 and December 2015. Patients with diabetes (n = 150) and normal patients (n = 150) were compared. Patients were divided into groups according to age, gender, education, and duration of diabetes mellitus. The Hindi mini-mental state examination (HMMSE) was used to detect cognitive decline. Results: In diabetics with HMMSE score <27, 24 (46.1%) were aged <60 years, whereas 28 (53.9%) were aged ≥60 years. In diabetics with HMMSE score ≥27, 52 (53.1%) were aged <60 years, whereas 46 (46.9%) were aged ≥60 years. This finding was not statistically significant. In nondiabetics with HMMSE score <27, 13 (34.2%) nondiabetics were aged <60 years, whereas 25 (65.8%) were aged ≥60 years. In nondiabetics with HMMSE score ≥27, 61 (54.4%) were aged <60 years, whereas 51 (45.6%) were aged ≥60 years. This finding was statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study findings revealed no statistically significant findings in diabetics. However, specific cognitive domains such as orientation to place, concentration, and drawing displayed statistical significance for cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"9 1","pages":"116 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78827507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This paper aims to explore the role of diet in determining insulin-associated weight gain (IAWG) in Pakistani people. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Diet and Education Department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology. The data are obtained from Electronic Health Records from the Health Management System, and it included demographical, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and dietary information of the subjects. A total of 917 cases were included in this study, on the basis of inclusion criteria, which were subjects to be of age 18 years and above, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and availability of clinical, medical, and dietary data for at least two visits, for subsequent years. Dietary data include energy and macronutrient intake, which is calculated by the system on the basis of food intake data collected and entered by registered dietitians at each visit. Ethical approval for the study was taken from BIDE Institutional Review Board. Results: Differences in the rate of weight gain between insulin-treated and oral antihyperglycemic agents-only-treated groups could not be attributed to differences in dietary changes. Higher intake of insulin in relation to carbohydrate intake was found to be associated with higher weight gain among insulin-treated groups. The rate of weight gain with HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) increase was lowest among those who had a “decreased” energy intake, with moderate insulin doses, whereas it was highest among those who had high insulin doses with “increased” energy intake. Conclusion: Weight gain was observed following deviation in the macronutrient composition among the insulin users in this study. Dietary intake in relation to body needs for healthy weight and economical doses of insulin appears to have a good potential for inducing normoglycemia without promoting IAWG.
{"title":"Diet and insulin dose as mediators of insulin-associated weight gain among people in Pakistan with type 2 diabetes","authors":"A. Basit, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, Mariam Abdeali","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_45_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_45_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper aims to explore the role of diet in determining insulin-associated weight gain (IAWG) in Pakistani people. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Diet and Education Department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology. The data are obtained from Electronic Health Records from the Health Management System, and it included demographical, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and dietary information of the subjects. A total of 917 cases were included in this study, on the basis of inclusion criteria, which were subjects to be of age 18 years and above, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and availability of clinical, medical, and dietary data for at least two visits, for subsequent years. Dietary data include energy and macronutrient intake, which is calculated by the system on the basis of food intake data collected and entered by registered dietitians at each visit. Ethical approval for the study was taken from BIDE Institutional Review Board. Results: Differences in the rate of weight gain between insulin-treated and oral antihyperglycemic agents-only-treated groups could not be attributed to differences in dietary changes. Higher intake of insulin in relation to carbohydrate intake was found to be associated with higher weight gain among insulin-treated groups. The rate of weight gain with HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) increase was lowest among those who had a “decreased” energy intake, with moderate insulin doses, whereas it was highest among those who had high insulin doses with “increased” energy intake. Conclusion: Weight gain was observed following deviation in the macronutrient composition among the insulin users in this study. Dietary intake in relation to body needs for healthy weight and economical doses of insulin appears to have a good potential for inducing normoglycemia without promoting IAWG.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"70 1","pages":"43 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85829620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jayaram Vidyulatha, T. Pramodkumar, R. Pradeepa, M. Deepa, S. Poongothai, U. Venkatesan, G. Aarthi, Somasundaram Thenmozhi, R. Anjana, V. Mohan
Aims and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic health condition proving to be a major health challenge globally. Being a lifestyle-related disorder, psychosocial and behavioral factors are critical for its management, among which stress plays a contributory role. Diabetes is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress due to its debilitating nature and complications. Stress not only affects glycemic control through biological pathways but also leads to unhealthy behavior such as binge eating, smoking, and alcohol. This study attempts to fill the lacuna between clinical and psychosocial aspects of stress and thereby determines the prevalence and impact of stress among type 2 diabetes individuals in a clinic population. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, case–control study that includes individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as those with normal glucose tolerance. Assessment of stress was done using a validated tool, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (stress component). Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters were collected in all the participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software. Results: The prevalence of stress was significantly higher in T2DM compared to normal glucose tolerance (NGT; 43% vs 13%, P < .001). Both among T2DM and NGT, stress levels were higher in younger individuals with higher education, higher income levels, and professionals. Stress scores decreased with age at diagnosis of T2DM (16.6 [≤25 years] vs 15.6 [≥26–40 years] vs 12.7 [≥41 years], P < .001). T2DM was significantly associated with stress after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Individuals with T2DM had significantly higher prevalence of stress. Regular screening of stress could lead to better glycemic control.
目的和目标:糖尿病是一种慢性健康状况，是全球面临的主要健康挑战。作为一种与生活方式相关的疾病，心理社会和行为因素对其治疗至关重要，其中压力起着重要作用。由于糖尿病的衰弱性和并发症，它与抑郁、焦虑和压力的风险增加有关。压力不仅通过生物途径影响血糖控制，还会导致不健康的行为，如暴饮暴食、吸烟和酗酒。本研究试图填补临床和社会心理方面的压力之间的空白，从而确定临床人群中2型糖尿病患者的压力患病率和影响。材料和方法:这是一项横断面、病例对照研究，包括2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者和糖耐量正常的患者。压力评估使用一种有效的工具，抑郁焦虑压力量表-21(压力成分)。收集所有参与者的社会人口学特征、人体测量、血压和生化参数。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences统计软件对数据进行分析。结果:T2DM患者的应激患病率明显高于正常糖耐量(NGT;43% vs 13%， P < 0.001)。在T2DM和NGT中，受过高等教育、收入水平较高的年轻人和专业人士的压力水平较高。T2DM诊断时，应激评分随年龄的增长而下降(16.6[≤25岁]vs 15.6[≥26-40岁]vs 12.7[≥41岁]，P < 0.001)。调整混杂因素后，T2DM与应激显著相关。结论:T2DM患者的应激患病率明显高于T2DM患者。定期检查压力可以更好地控制血糖。
{"title":"Prevalence and impact of stress among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary diabetes center in South India","authors":"Jayaram Vidyulatha, T. Pramodkumar, R. Pradeepa, M. Deepa, S. Poongothai, U. Venkatesan, G. Aarthi, Somasundaram Thenmozhi, R. Anjana, V. Mohan","doi":"10.4103/jod.jod_12_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_12_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic health condition proving to be a major health challenge globally. Being a lifestyle-related disorder, psychosocial and behavioral factors are critical for its management, among which stress plays a contributory role. Diabetes is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress due to its debilitating nature and complications. Stress not only affects glycemic control through biological pathways but also leads to unhealthy behavior such as binge eating, smoking, and alcohol. This study attempts to fill the lacuna between clinical and psychosocial aspects of stress and thereby determines the prevalence and impact of stress among type 2 diabetes individuals in a clinic population. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, case–control study that includes individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as those with normal glucose tolerance. Assessment of stress was done using a validated tool, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (stress component). Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters were collected in all the participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software. Results: The prevalence of stress was significantly higher in T2DM compared to normal glucose tolerance (NGT; 43% vs 13%, P < .001). Both among T2DM and NGT, stress levels were higher in younger individuals with higher education, higher income levels, and professionals. Stress scores decreased with age at diagnosis of T2DM (16.6 [≤25 years] vs 15.6 [≥26–40 years] vs 12.7 [≥41 years], P < .001). T2DM was significantly associated with stress after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Individuals with T2DM had significantly higher prevalence of stress. Regular screening of stress could lead to better glycemic control.","PeriodicalId":15627,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetology","volume":"46 1","pages":"122 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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