Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders最新文献

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by progressive β-cell failure. The primary mechanism underlying this failure is the progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell function. The aim of this study is to identify the key gene expression changes in human pancreatic isolated islets of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We extracted gene expression data in human pancreatic isolated islets of patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed it using GEO2R program. We then assessed the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The critical genes were enriched via gene ontology and discussed.

Results: Among the 93 significant DEGs, five critical genes including ITGB2, APOE, BIRC5, GABRA2, and IL1B were emerged as key players in type 2 diabetes. Notably, "Alzheimer disease, type 4" was identified as a major class of biological terms altered in type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the introduced critical genes are potential targets for controlling type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the crucial role of APOE as a link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease or other cognitive disorders was confirmed.

Objectives: Pro-inflammatory molecules are key risk factors for coronary artery diseases (CAD). Therefore, the regulation of inflammatory responses plays a crucial role in CAD. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4) is a negative regulator of cytokine signaling may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of CAD. Bioinformatics studies indicate that hsa-miR-568-5p can target SOCS4. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of hsa-miR-568-5p in patients with CAD and investigate its correlation with SOCS4 levels.

Methods: The study included 20 Iranian participants without artery stenosis and 40 with artery stenosis. The relative expression levels of hsa-miR-568-5p and SOCS4 were assessed using Real-Time PCR.

Results: The findings revealed no significant difference in the expression levels of hsa-miR-568-5p and SOCS4 between the two groups. Also, correlations were not observed between hsa-miR-568-5p, SOCS4, and age in both the control and CAD patient groups.

Conclusions: While hsa-miR-568-5p regulates SOCS4 expression, and SOCS4 upregulation is implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) protection, this study found no conclusive evidence supporting this relationship. Further research is warranted.

Objectives: Consuming prebiotics and plant-based dietary fibers are important as an emerging approach to diabetes and oxidative stress control. In this study, the functional properties of major prebiotics and dietary fibers were evaluated.

Methods: The hypoglycemic properties were analyzed by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, glucose adsorption capacity, and glucose diffusion. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic (TP), and flavonoid (TF) content were also measured.

Results: The results showed that among prebiotics, isomaltulose and pectin had antidiabetic activity by α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 11.36 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 2.38 mg/mL) inhibition. Isomaltulose and pectin exhibited the ability to adsorb glucose capacity. Inulin HP showed the ability to inhibit glucose diffusion. The results also showed that all prebiotics impart antioxidant activity and TP, and TF content in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Pectin showed a higher ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sul-fonate (ABTS) radicals with higher phenolic compound (p < 0.05). Therefore, it seems that pectin was able to reduce the rate of glucose adsorption, regulate glucose adsorption by enzyme activity inhibition, and increase antioxidant capacity.

Conclusion: The results revealed that the prebiotics were efficient in their antidiabetic potential and could act as bio-functional materials. Using prebiotics in functional foods and nutraceutical medicines is strongly recommended.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is now a major global health threat. Due to the mechanistic links between these conditions, along with the rising prevalence of fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity, MAFLD (metabolic-associatedfatty liver diseases) was introduced as a new terminology and then updated to MASLD (Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease. These changes reflect a growing recognition of the importance of fatty liver and its associated health risks.

Methods: This scientometric study analyzed publications on "fatty liver diseases" (FLD) indexed in Scopus from 2003 to 2023 in Iran. Online Analysis Platforms and VOSviewer were used to assess publication trends and identify research hotspots.

Results: We retrieved 1,857 English articles on fatty liver diseases published between 2003 and 2023. The Journal of Hepatitis Monthly was notable for Iranian publications on fatty liver disease. Most publications were original articles and Dr. Sahebkar AH was the most prolific author. Iranian researchers primarily collaborated with scholars from the United States. The leading institution in terms of productivity was Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Conclusion: This study reveals an increasing trend in both the number of Iranian publications and the citations of articles in the field of FLD. We believe this study can serve as a roadmap for future research and policy development on fatty liver diseases, which are a significant public health concern in Iran. Additionally, new strategies are needed to foster multi-disciplinary research and enhance international cooperation.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01606-8.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the status of the NCD syndemic among individuals over 25 in all provinces of Iran.

Methods: This study was based on a national survey. Using a systematic cluster random sampling framework, 26,707 participants were selected from all 31 Iranian provinces. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics by gender and age, followed by principal component analysis and logistic regression, using R software for the statistical analysis.

Results: There was an interaction between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, in their association with healthy life lost due to disability in the Iranian adult population. Additionally, there was a clustering of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, partly due to the shared specific causes such as obesity, hypertension, shared baseline features, and poverty.

Conclusions: The syndemic analysis showed that social inequalities in diabetes and cardiovascular disease arise not only from exposure levels but also from varying vulnerabilities and disease outcomes. Iran's health policy should prioritize reducing these health inequalities.

Wounds affect many people and require a considerable annual cost to manage. Wound infections significantly delay the healing process, particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus, due to impaired immunity and microvascular complications. The use of antiseptics is considered a way to reduce this problem. The study aims to assess the different antiseptic categories frequently employed in wound management, focusing on identifying and understanding their unique features. A comprehensive review of PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases identified key antiseptics, including isopropyl alcohol, chlorhexidine, polyhexanide, octenidine, povidone-iodine, hypochlorous acid, silver-based products, hydrogen peroxide, triclosan, and benzalkonium chloride. These antiseptics exhibit varying efficacies and cytotoxicity profiles, necessitating tailored usage to optimize healing while preventing antimicrobial resistance. The primary indication for antiseptics is the prevention of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), as recommended by guidelines. For diabetic foot ulcers, the strongest evidence supports the use of hypochlorous acid. There are no universal recommendations for antiseptic use; their application depends on specific circumstances. This review highlights the need for evidence-based, condition-specific antiseptic strategies to address unique patient needs effectively.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01607-7.

Diabesity is a modern epidemic that indicates a strong association between obesity and diabetes. Key enzymes have been identified in the development and progression of both diseases, DPP-IV in glucose uptake and FAS in fatty acid synthesis. In both cases, the molecular mechanisms of how each one acts separately have been described, and which are the key inhibitory drugs and molecules for each one. However, although it is known that there is an association between both clinically and molecularly, the mechanism has not been elucidated; therefore, this review focuses on proposing a mechanism of convergence of DPP-IV and FAS in diabesity, and the possible mode of action in which bioactive peptides obtained from plant and animal sources can inhibit these two enzymes in a similar way as drugs do.

Background and objective: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) serves as a potential indicator of fat distribution, offering a more reliable association with all-cause mortality compared to overall adiposity. The present cohort study aims to explore the relationship between ABSI and all-cause mortality in US adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

Methods: For this cohort study, we extracted information on 5,461 US adults with T2D from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the NHANES Linked Mortality File. Trends in ABSI from 1999 to 2018 were calculated and analyzed using partial Mann-Kendall tests. To assess the relationship between ABSI and all-cause mortality, as well as the robustness of the association results, we employed weighted restricted cubic splines (RCS), weighted Cox proportional hazards models, sensitivity analyses, and stratified analyses. Additionally, we conducted time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate ABSI's predictive capability for all-cause mortality over 3, 5, and 10 years.

Results: Among US adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), the mean ABSI gradually increased from 0.08333 to 0.08444 between 1999 and 2018. Following a median follow-up period of 90 months, 1,355 deaths (24.8% of the participants) occurred due to all causes. A left J-shaped association was observed between ABSI and all-cause mortality, with a 39% increased risk among US adults with T2D who had an ABSI below 0.08105 after full adjustment.

Conclusion: Our research has demonstrated a significant association between an elevated ABSI and the risk of all-cause mortality among US adults with T2D. These findings support the potential use of ABSI as a noninvasive tool to estimate mortality risk among US adults with T2D.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01570-3.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid dysfunction are some of the most prevalent endocrine disorders globally. Previous studies on the association and effect of thyroid hormones in patients with diabetes have yielded contradictory results. Therefore, this meta-analysis comprehensively examined the latest evidence regarding the bilateral association between thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in T2DM.

Methods: A thorough search across multiple databases was conducted to investigate the bidirectional relationship between thyroid hormones and T2DM. Two researchers independently performed data extraction and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, with prevalence, odds ratios, and hazard ratios calculated using a random-effects model.

Results: After screening 4159 studies, 36 were deemed eligible based on the inclusion criteria. A one-unit increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was associated with a 2.49-fold increased odds of T2DM (OR: 2.49, 95%CI: 1.97-3.0). Similarly, a one-unit increase in Triiodothyronine (FT3) levels was associated with a 17% (HR:1.17,95%CI: 1.07-1.26) increased risk of T2DM. The pooled risk estimates of T2DM were 3.63 (95%CI: 1.63-8.09) for hypothyroidism, and 16.33 (95%CI: 7.59-35.12) for overt hypothyroidism. Individuals with thyroid dysfunction exhibited significantly higher HbA1c levels (Hedges'g: - 0.26, 95% CI: - 0.47 to - 0.06) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (Hedges'g: - 0.33, 95% CI: - 0.61 to - 0.05) compared to those with normal thyroid function.

Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction, including both overt and subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism, significantly increases the risk of T2DM. Elevated TSH and FT3 levels are linked to higher diabetes risk, highlighting the need for regular thyroid screening and integrated clinical management.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01612-w.

Obesity is a complicated, multifactorial, and highly avoidable disease. There is a complicated relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Surgical intervention is regarded as one of the greatest efficacious treatments for morbid obesity, where T2DM exhibits remarkable amelioration and remission. The objective of this work is to evaluate endogenous insulin by measuring postprandial C-peptide before and 6 months after LSG. We will also assess metabolic improvement, including remission of T2DM and prediabetes, 6 months after LSG. A total of 60 Egyptian patients, aged 18-60 years, with a body mass index (BMI) > 35, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes, were recruited from bariatric outpatient clinics at Cairo University Hospitals. The study assessed the postprandial C-peptide, fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and lipid profile before and 6 months following LSG. A significant improvement was observed in the metabolic profile in the form of reduction of BMI, HbA1c, lipid profile, and control of hypertension 6 months postoperatively. There was a significant reduction of postprandial C-peptide 6 months postoperatively. Fifty-five patients (91.7%) achieved complete remission of prediabetes and diabetes 6 months postoperatively, while 4 patients showed only improvement of diabetes and 1 patient in the prediabetic group did not achieve remission. In conclusion, LSG demonstrates encouraging outcomes in terms of metabolic profile enhancement, insulin resistance improvement as indicated by significant reduction in C-peptide level, remission of prediabetes and T2DM, and effective weight loss.