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The Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Abt-Letterer-Siwe Disease) in Twin Girls 双胞胎女孩朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症(abt - letter - siwe病)的病例分析
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92624
Yakov Y. Yakovlev, Farok K. Manerov, Olga I. Andriyanova, Sergey A. Dudkin, Nataliya V. Matveeva, Nataliya V. Selivanova, Olga A. Zagorodnikova, Olga V. Domanskaya
Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease is a form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and occurs in 2–10 cases per 1 million of the child population per year. The Russian and foreign literature provide descriptions of this disease in children of different ages. Family cases of this pathology are described in a small number. The chapter presents a rare clinical observation of the Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease in twin girls.
abt - letter - siwe病是朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症的一种形式,每年每100万儿童人口中发生2-10例。俄罗斯和外国文献提供了不同年龄儿童的这种疾病的描述。这种病理的家庭病例被描述为少数。本章提出了一个罕见的临床观察abt - letter - siwe病在双胞胎女孩。
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引用次数: 0
Multifetal Gestations Multifetal妊娠
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92050
İ. Kayar
In recent years, multiple pregnancy rates have increased significantly. Twin pregnancy rate increased by 76% between 1980 and 2009, from 18.9 to 33.3 in 1000 births. Triplets and high-order multiple pregnancies have increased by 400% in the 1980s and 1990s. Two main reasons of this increase in the incidence of multiple pregnancies are: (1) maternal age at the time of conception, shifting to advanced ages where multiple pregnancies are more common and (2) a more common use of assisted reproductive techniques. The main problem in multiple pregnancies is spontaneous preterm delivery and associated neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although numerous attempts have been made to prolong the gestation period and improve outcomes, none of them have been effective. In this article, the complications encountered in multiple pregnancies will be summarized and evidence-based approaches that can be used in their management will be reported.
近年来,多胎妊娠率显著上升。从1980年到2009年,双胎妊娠率上升了76%,从千分之18.9上升到千分之33.3。三胞胎和高顺序多胎妊娠在20世纪80年代和90年代增加了400%。多胎妊娠发生率增加的两个主要原因是:(1)母亲受孕时的年龄,转向高龄,多胎妊娠更为常见;(2)辅助生殖技术的更普遍使用。多胎妊娠的主要问题是自发性早产和相关的新生儿发病率和死亡率。虽然已经做了许多尝试来延长妊娠期和改善结果,但没有一个是有效的。在这篇文章中,将总结多胎妊娠中遇到的并发症,并报告可用于其管理的循证方法。
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引用次数: 1
Planning Methods in Ecuador’s Indigenous People 厄瓜多尔土著居民的规划方法
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92714
Y. Robles-Bykbaev, Nina Naula, J. Cornejo-Reyes, A. Parra, V. Robles-Bykbaev, Blas Garzón, Jorge Galán
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a fundamental human right that implies knowledge and exercise of sexual and reproductive rights (SSR). Among the latter are access to knowledge and use of contraceptive methods; therefore, SSR should be experienced as a constant experience that allows women to achieve full satisfaction and security in their sexual and reproductive sphere through their subjectivity, their body, and their social and cultural life. Knowing about family planning allows having the desired number of children determining the interval between pregnancies and choosing the contraceptive method according to the social, cultural and psychological beliefs, needs and conditions of each woman. However, indigenous women from Canton Cañar (Ecuador) have less access and knowledge to contraceptive methods, mainly due to the influence of social, cultural, religious and economic factors, among others. The lack of information about family planning in indigenous populations of the South of Ecuador has motivated this study; through a medical-anthropological approach, it is intended to determine what is the preference regarding contraceptive methods in indigenous Cañari women in the context of the Cañari culture and what are their perceptions regarding such methods.
性健康和生殖健康是一项基本人权,意味着了解和行使性健康和生殖权利。后者包括获得知识和使用避孕方法;因此,SSR应该作为一种持续的体验,让女性通过她们的主体性、她们的身体以及她们的社会和文化生活,在性和生殖领域获得充分的满足和安全。了解计划生育,就可以根据每个妇女的社会、文化和心理信仰、需要和条件,确定怀孕间隔和选择避孕方法。然而,广东Cañar(厄瓜多尔)的土著妇女获得避孕方法的机会和知识较少,这主要是由于社会、文化、宗教和经济等因素的影响。缺乏关于厄瓜多尔南部土著居民计划生育的信息是这项研究的动机;通过医学人类学方法,旨在确定在Cañari文化背景下土著Cañari妇女对避孕方法的偏好,以及她们对这些方法的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Reproductive Health and Family Planning Services in Africa: Looking beyond Individual and Household Factors 非洲的生殖健康和计划生育服务:超越个人和家庭因素
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92138
A. Aliyu, T. Dahiru
Worldwide, there have been remarkable gains in the provision and utilization of reproductive health and FP services. However, in Africa, despite increasing availability, utilization of these services is less than 50%, even though there are wide variations among and within the countries across the continent. Articles from peer-reviewed journals, technical reports, Internet articles, grey literature (official government documents, technical reports, etc.) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) reports were used as resource materials. Manual search of reference list of selected articles was done for further relevant materials. We also used for comparative analysis, the online StatCompiler tool (https://www.statcompiler.com/en/) to extract data. Reproductive health and contraceptives have a lot of benefits to the individual, family and community. However, despite near universal knowledge and availability of reproductive health and FP services in Africa, utilization of these services is less than optimal. Several factors operating at individual, household and within the community influence utilization of services. These factors are the cause of poor maternal health and care that might hinder population health and the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Interventions to promote and sustain utilization of services should target these factors at different levels depending upon relative role/s of these factors.
全世界在提供和利用生殖健康和计划生育服务方面取得了显著进展。然而,在非洲,尽管这些服务的可用性不断增加,但利用率不到50%,尽管非洲大陆各国之间和各国内部存在很大差异。来自同行评议期刊、技术报告、互联网文章、灰色文献(官方政府文件、技术报告等)和人口与健康调查(DHS)报告的文章被用作资源材料。人工检索所选文章的参考书目,以获取更多相关资料。我们还使用了用于比较分析的在线StatCompiler工具(https://www.statcompiler.com/en/)来提取数据。生殖健康和避孕药具对个人、家庭和社区都有很多好处。然而,尽管非洲几乎普及了生殖健康和计划生育服务的知识和可得性,但对这些服务的利用却不是最佳的。在个人、家庭和社区内运作的几个因素影响到服务的利用。这些因素是孕产妇保健和护理不良的原因,可能会阻碍人口健康和实现可持续发展目标。促进和维持服务利用的干预措施应根据这些因素的相对作用在不同程度上针对这些因素。
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引用次数: 1
The Role of Information Technologies in Natural Family Planning 信息技术在自然计划生育中的作用
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2020-04-22 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92136
Zuzana Judáková
Freedom is needed in family planning and in the decision on how many children the couple will have, not to be influenced by a third person, political situations, or religious conviction. There is a need for information, education, and communication about possibilities in natural family planning, in order to be able to choose the right way, because there are many options even without side effects. Nowadays, we can add to these traditional possibilities of natural family planning also information technologies and electronic devices, which are increasingly available to a large portion of the population. Their reliability, with correct usage, is comparable to the barrier methods and in some cases to hormonal contraceptive methods. Next development of these devices can more increase their reliability. Of course, the active approach of users is needed.
在计划生育和决定生育几个孩子方面需要自由,不受第三人、政治局势或宗教信仰的影响。有必要就自然计划生育的可能性进行信息、教育和交流,以便能够选择正确的方式,因为有许多选择,即使没有副作用。如今,除了自然计划生育的这些传统可能性之外,我们还可以增加信息技术和电子设备,这些技术和设备越来越多地为大部分人口所利用。如果使用正确,其可靠性可与屏障避孕法相媲美,在某些情况下可与激素避孕法相媲美。这些设备的下一步发展可以进一步提高其可靠性。当然,用户的主动方式是需要的。
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引用次数: 1
Second-trimester abortion: women often lack the choice they should be offered. 中期妊娠流产:女性往往缺乏应有的选择。
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2017-101907
Mary Pillai
In this issue, Koh et al. 1 from Singapore report on their randomised study of three vaginal prostaglandin regimens for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy.2 This article addresses gaps in knowledge both of the optimum dose of the most commonly used agent, misoprostol, and of the relative efficacy of the product licensed for this indication, gemeprost. But the question of whether medical termination is, in fact, the most suitable approach for termination after the first trimester remains open to debate.Over the past 20 years, the overall abortion rate in England and Wales, where figures are believed to be compiled with a high degree of accuracy, has plateaued at around 16/1000 women aged 15–44 years. In 2016, over 80% of procedures were undertaken at under 10 weeks’ gestation, with a continuing rise in the proportion utilising early medical abortion.3 However, the proportion of abortions carried out at 13 weeks’ gestation or above has remained static at around 8% and is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. Mid-trimester abortion will continue to be necessary for a range of reasons including some women’s ambivalence about their decision, women not recognising their pregnancy due to contraceptive use or because they believe that they are infertile due to their age or medical factors, concealed pregnancies (particularly in teenagers), difficulty in engaging services due to mental health problems or learning difficulties, pregnancies that were initially wanted but where the woman’s circumstances have changed, and where serious fetal abnormality has been diagnosed.4 The introduction of more …
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引用次数: 1
Uterine perforation by intrauterine devices: a 16-year review. 宫内节育器致子宫穿孔:16年回顾。
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2017-10-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2016-101684
Paul A O'Brien, Sarah Pillai
Introduction One of the major concerns with the insertion of intrauterine devices is uterine perforation. Though uncommon, it can be debilitating and result in failure of the device. In this article we review uterine perforation with intrauterine contraception (IUC) in a community clinic in the UK over a 16-year period. Methods We prospectively collected data on uterine perforations for the years 2000–2015, reviewed associated factors and calculated the annual rate of perforation, estimating if this lay within the expected range of normal variation using statistical process control (SPC) analysis. We analysed the rates of perforation in relation to the time from delivery and to breastfeeding. Results We identified 30 uterine perforations in 22 795 IUC insertions over the 16 years of observation, with an annual rate ranging from 0 to 4.3 per 1000 insertions, and a mean annual rate of 1.3 per 1000 insertions (95% CI 0.9 to 1.9), which remain within the SPC limits. Twenty-eight of the perforations were in parous women, 87% of whom were within 18 weeks of delivery, peaking at 13 weeks postpartum. Twenty of these were in breastfeeding women. In 3/28 cases for which we have outcome data the device was adherent to or had perforated either the bladder or bowel. Conclusion Our perforation rate is consistent with other studies. Most of our perforations were within 18 weeks of childbirth, earlier than in a recent major study. We cannot tell from our data if there is a true peak in perforations 3 months postpartum as that may be a time when a high proportion of insertions are done.
导言:子宫穿孔是宫内节育器置入的主要问题之一。虽然不常见,但它会使人衰弱并导致设备故障。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了子宫穿孔与宫内避孕(IUC)在一个社区诊所在英国超过16年的时间。方法:前瞻性收集2000-2015年子宫穿孔资料,回顾相关因素,计算年穿孔率,采用统计过程控制(SPC)分析,判断其是否在正常变异的预期范围内。我们分析了穿孔率与分娩和母乳喂养时间的关系。结果:在16年的观察中,我们在22 795例IUC插入中发现了30例子宫穿孔,年发生率为0 - 4.3 / 1000次,平均年发生率为1.3 / 1000次(95% CI 0.9 - 1.9),仍在SPC范围内。28例穿孔发生在产妇中,87%发生在分娩18周内,高峰发生在产后13周。其中20例是母乳喂养的妇女。在我们有结果数据的3/28病例中,该装置粘附在膀胱或肠上或穿孔。结论:我们的穿孔率与其他研究结果一致。大多数穿孔发生在分娩后的18周内,比最近的一项主要研究要早。我们不能从我们的数据中判断产后3个月是否有真正的穿孔高峰,因为这可能是插入比例很高的时候。
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引用次数: 6
Abortion terminology: views of women seeking abortion in Britain. 堕胎术语:英国妇女寻求堕胎的观点。
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2017-10-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-11 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2016-101631
Sharon Cameron, Patricia A Lohr, Roger Ingham

Background: Controversy exists as to whether 'abortion or 'termination of pregnancy' should be used by health professionals during interactions with women and in published works.

Methods: Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed to women attending 54 abortion clinics in Scotland, England and Wales during a 4-month period in 2015. Responses were coded and analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were generated and responses compared by demographic characteristics. The main outcome measures were the proportion of respondents reporting that they found the terms 'abortion' and 'termination of pregnancy' to be distressing, and women's preferred terminology for referring to induced abortion.

Results: Surveys were completed by 2259 women. The mean age of the respondents was 27(range 13-51) years; 82% identified as white, 51% had children and 36% had previously undergone abortion. Thirty-five percent indicated that they found the word 'abortion' distressing compared with 18% who reported that 'termination of pregnancy' was distressing (p< 0.001). Forty-five percent of respondents expressed a preference for 'termination of pregnancy' and 12% for 'abortion'. Sixteen percent would choose either term. This pattern of results did not vary statistically by age, reproductive history, country of residence, ethnicity or level of deprivation.

Conclusions: Most women seeking abortion did not find the terms 'abortion' or termination of pregnancy' distressing. When given a choice of terms, more women who expressed a preference chose 'termination of pregnancy'. Healthcare professionals should be sensitive to preferences for terminology when communicating with women seeking abortion.

背景:关于卫生专业人员在与妇女互动和发表作品时是否应使用“堕胎”或“终止妊娠”存在争议。方法:对2015年4个月期间在苏格兰、英格兰和威尔士的54家堕胎诊所就诊的妇女进行匿名问卷调查。用SPSS对调查结果进行编码和分析。生成描述性统计数据,并根据人口统计学特征对响应进行比较。主要的结果衡量指标是受访者认为“堕胎”和“终止妊娠”这两个词令人痛苦的比例,以及女性更喜欢使用的人工流产术语。结果:共有2259名女性完成了调查。受访者的平均年龄为27岁(13-51岁);82%是白人,51%有孩子,36%曾经堕胎。35%的人表示,他们觉得“堕胎”这个词很痛苦,而18%的人认为“终止妊娠”这个词很痛苦(结论:大多数寻求堕胎的妇女并不觉得“堕胎”或“终止妊娠”这个词很痛苦)。当可以选择术语时,更多表达偏好的女性选择了“终止妊娠”。医疗保健专业人员在与寻求堕胎的妇女交流时应注意对术语的偏好。
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引用次数: 3
Psychosexual medicine, general practice, you and me. 性心理医学,全科医生,你和我。
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2017-10-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2017-101789
Gareth Hughes
> "Experiencing and understanding the IPM training, transformed my working life. It helped me grow as a general practitioner, not just as a psychosexual doctor" .I had been a general practitioner (GP) in Jersey for nearly 20 years when the Internet and PDE5 inhibitors, among other things, changed patients’ knowledge, awareness and expectations of sexual problems. The ‘Swinging Sixties’ and the availability of the Pill probably started it all, but more and more patients started attending the practice with ‘door-handle' questions about sex. As an experienced GP, I’d previously found there weren’t many problems with which I felt unable to help. If I didn’t have the answer then I had an excellent network of specialist colleagues who could provide assistance, either via telephone advice or formal referral. Help with sexual problems, however, drew a blank, as there was no-one running a specialist clinic on Jersey, an island of 100 000 inhabitants.It was my late sister-in-law, Dr Mary Gabbott, a doctor trained in psychosexual medicine back in its early days and one of the first psychosexual specialists to work in a joint clinic with a urologist, who challenged me to train with the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine (IPM) and see these patients myself. For those readers who may not know much about the IPM, I shall provide a brief overview. More information is available on their website (www.ipm.org.uk).The IPM is a specialist training organisation recognised by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (UK). It was initiated in the 1960s by a group of family planning doctors faced, like me, with increasing numbers of patients presenting with sexual difficulties, and with little help available. Originally an exclusive organisation for doctors, the IPM has recently changed its constitution and now welcomes allied health professionals (AHPs) whose work involves ‘body medicine’. In practice, these AHPs are mainly specialist nurses …
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引用次数: 0
MHRA alert about Nexplanon migration. MHRA关于解释迁移的警报。
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2017-10-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2017-101881
Kate Savage, Kenneth Menon
Following the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) alert about migration of Nexplanon® on 15 June 2016,1 we audited the quality of insertion of the implant in patients at our surgery.We wrote to a total of 127 patients asking them whether they could feel the shaft and/or the ends of the implant in …
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care
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