This paper deals with the importance of working on image compression, which is reduce the number of bits needed to represent an image while maintaining a desirable quality. This is done by eliminating data that are visually unnecessary and taking advantage of redundancy that is inherent in most images. Image compression plays a critical role in telemetric applications. Image compression involves reducing the typically massive amount of data to represent an image. This is done by eliminating data that are visually unnecessary and taking advantage of redundancy that is inherent in most images. It is desired that either single image or sequences of images be transmitted over computer networks at large distances so as that they could be used for a multitude of purposes. Image compression is essential for applications such as transmission and storage in databases. It aims to reduce the bit rate for transmission or storage while maintaining an acceptable fidelity or a good image quality.
{"title":"Image Compression Schemes Incorporating Modified Contrast Sensitivities of Human Visual System","authors":"Raghad Abdualemam حميدان","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.r191221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.r191221","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the importance of working on image compression, which is reduce the number of bits needed to represent an image while maintaining a desirable quality. This is done by eliminating data that are visually unnecessary and taking advantage of redundancy that is inherent in most images. Image compression plays a critical role in telemetric applications. Image compression involves reducing the typically massive amount of data to represent an image. This is done by eliminating data that are visually unnecessary and taking advantage of redundancy that is inherent in most images. It is desired that either single image or sequences of images be transmitted over computer networks at large distances so as that they could be used for a multitude of purposes. Image compression is essential for applications such as transmission and storage in databases. It aims to reduce the bit rate for transmission or storage while maintaining an acceptable fidelity or a good image quality.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72903483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Real- time systems are considered as one of the most important topics that have attracted the attention of researchers in various scientific and technical fields due to their widespread in many fields of communication, informatics, operating systems and automatic control systems. The basic idea in real- time systems is the execution of a set of tasks that are assigned to CPUs, within a time constraint associated with each of them, and this time constraint is called a deadline. Task scheduling in real- time systems is the main factor in determining the success or failure of the system. Therefore, many studies have imposed suggestions and hypotheses for improving scheduling, according to the underlined platform, whether it is single- processor, multi- processor, or multi- core processor. Researchers have recently focused on studying and providing solutions to scheduling problems, taking into account energy consumption since energy consumption today plays an important role in determining the efficiency and reliability of the system. Energy consumption can be saved either statically by turning the processor into sleep mode or dynamically by changing the frequency of the processor cores and thus reducing power consumption. However, a slight increase in frequency leads to executing more tasks in less time and thus can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the real- time system by reducing tasks which may miss its deadline at the time of execution. In this research, a new method has been proposed to control the processor frequency in an optimal manner that makes a balanced trade- off between power consumption and execution of tasks in real- time systems.
{"title":"Development of Energy- Efficient Load Balancing Scheduling Algorithm in Real-time Systems","authors":"Youssef Mohammad نتيفه, Mohammad حجازية","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.c100222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.c100222","url":null,"abstract":"Real- time systems are considered as one of the most important topics that have attracted the attention of researchers in various scientific and technical fields due to their widespread in many fields of communication, informatics, operating systems and automatic control systems. The basic idea in real- time systems is the execution of a set of tasks that are assigned to CPUs, within a time constraint associated with each of them, and this time constraint is called a deadline. Task scheduling in real- time systems is the main factor in determining the success or failure of the system. Therefore, many studies have imposed suggestions and hypotheses for improving scheduling, according to the underlined platform, whether it is single- processor, multi- processor, or multi- core processor. Researchers have recently focused on studying and providing solutions to scheduling problems, taking into account energy consumption since energy consumption today plays an important role in determining the efficiency and reliability of the system. Energy consumption can be saved either statically by turning the processor into sleep mode or dynamically by changing the frequency of the processor cores and thus reducing power consumption. However, a slight increase in frequency leads to executing more tasks in less time and thus can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the real- time system by reducing tasks which may miss its deadline at the time of execution. In this research, a new method has been proposed to control the processor frequency in an optimal manner that makes a balanced trade- off between power consumption and execution of tasks in real- time systems.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89350285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
يدرس هذا البحث القرى الطينية والمسكن الريفي الطيني المقبب في سوريا الذي مثل عبر عقود من الزمن جزءاً هاماً من الهوية المعمارية التقليدية للريف السوري في المناطق القاحلة في سوريا ذات المناخ القاسي والظروف المعيشية الصعبة، ويحدد البحث مشكلته في التدهور التدريجي لهذه المساكن الطينية بسبب التحول في نمطها المعماري والتخلي عن النماذج الطينية التقليدية، إضافة إلى أن الحرب في سوريا زادت هذا التدهور من خلال هجرة هذه القرى، لذا هدف هذا البحث للحد من هذا التدهور من خلال وضع توجهات علمية تصميمية لبناء المسكن الريفي المعاصر في القرى الطينية المقببة ليتوافق مع خصوصيتها وطابعها المعماري ومع متغيرات العصر الحالي وطموحات القروي الجديدة. اعتمد البحث على عدة منهجيات علمية مترابطة: منهج نظري يدرس السمات التصميمية لهذه المساكن، ومنهج تحليلي للوصول لأهم المميزات المعمارية لهذه المساكن. ومن ثم منهجية تطبيقية من خلال دراسة حالات تطبيقية ونماذج من المنطقة المدروسة في ريف محافظة حلب. استنتج الباحثون أن المساكن التقليدية في هذه القرى هي حالة من التلاؤم الكبير مع مختلف الخصائص المكانية والزمانية لسكانها مع وجود عدد من نقاط الضعف في بنيتها التصميمية من أبرزها ضعف مادة الطين أمام العوامل الجوية والذي يتطلب صيانة دورية مستمرة، ولقد أوصى الباحثون بالاستمرار في النموذج السكني الطيني المقبب كأداة لإعادة الإعمار في هذه القرى مع إجراء تطويرات على هذا المسكن ليصبح أكثر استدامة بيئياً واجتماعياً واقتصادياً وإنشائياً.
{"title":"آليات إعادة البناء بشكل أفضل للقرى في وسط وشمال سوريا باستخدام الطين المقبب والمعالج","authors":"زكريا عبد الرحمن بزي, سارة زيتون, حلا حسام ملندي","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.k201021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.k201021","url":null,"abstract":"يدرس هذا البحث القرى الطينية والمسكن الريفي الطيني المقبب في سوريا الذي مثل عبر عقود من الزمن جزءاً هاماً من الهوية المعمارية التقليدية للريف السوري في المناطق القاحلة في سوريا ذات المناخ القاسي والظروف المعيشية الصعبة، ويحدد البحث مشكلته في التدهور التدريجي لهذه المساكن الطينية بسبب التحول في نمطها المعماري والتخلي عن النماذج الطينية التقليدية، إضافة إلى أن الحرب في سوريا زادت هذا التدهور من خلال هجرة هذه القرى، لذا هدف هذا البحث للحد من هذا التدهور من خلال وضع توجهات علمية تصميمية لبناء المسكن الريفي المعاصر في القرى الطينية المقببة ليتوافق مع خصوصيتها وطابعها المعماري ومع متغيرات العصر الحالي وطموحات القروي الجديدة. اعتمد البحث على عدة منهجيات علمية مترابطة: منهج نظري يدرس السمات التصميمية لهذه المساكن، ومنهج تحليلي للوصول لأهم المميزات المعمارية لهذه المساكن. ومن ثم منهجية تطبيقية من خلال دراسة حالات تطبيقية ونماذج من المنطقة المدروسة في ريف محافظة حلب. استنتج الباحثون أن المساكن التقليدية في هذه القرى هي حالة من التلاؤم الكبير مع مختلف الخصائص المكانية والزمانية لسكانها مع وجود عدد من نقاط الضعف في بنيتها التصميمية من أبرزها ضعف مادة الطين أمام العوامل الجوية والذي يتطلب صيانة دورية مستمرة، ولقد أوصى الباحثون بالاستمرار في النموذج السكني الطيني المقبب كأداة لإعادة الإعمار في هذه القرى مع إجراء تطويرات على هذا المسكن ليصبح أكثر استدامة بيئياً واجتماعياً واقتصادياً وإنشائياً.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90602899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
مرض السكري هو أحد الامراض واسعة الانتشار في العالم اليوم وأحد أهم طرق علاجه إعطاء جرعات من الأنسولين ومازالت الأبحاث مستمرة في مجال البنكرياس الصناعي، المعروف أيضا باسم علاج الانسولين مغلق الحلقة، حيث يمكن حساب معدل ضخ الأنسولين الذي بدوره يحافظ على تركيز الغلوكوز في الدم. ونظراً لأهمية هذا النظام وبما أنَّ الأبحاث مازالت حتى وقتنا الراهن تعمل على زيادة دقته وسرعة استجابته فإن استخدام خوارزميات الذكاء الصناعي معه ساهم كثيراً في تحسينه، ومن التحديات الكبيرة التي واجهتنا هو أنَّ الأبحاث التي استخدمت أحد هذه الخوارزميات للتحسين لم تستخدم نفس المتحكم فهو يختلف من بحث إلى آخر، وبالتالي كان علينا توحيد نظام التحكم والتعديل البرمجي اللازم لنتمكن من المقارنة الصحيحة وإظهار أدق النتائج. في هذا البحث تم اقتراح أربع خوارزميات تحكم مختلفة تقوم هذه الخوارزميات بضبط بارامترات المتحكمPID مع النموذج الرياضي لنظام الغلوكوز والأنسولين (البنكرياس الصناعي)، هذه الخوارزميات هي الخوارزمية الجينية لضبط المتحكم (GA_PID)، وخوارزمية محاكاة التلدين(SA_PID)، وخوارزمية سرب الطيور (PSO_PID) وخوارزمية النحل (ABC_PID). نفذت الدراسة من خلال مريض سكري افتراضي على أساس نموذج بيرغمان المعدل لتنظيم الغلوكوز والأنسولين. تمت عملية المحاكاة في شروط طعام يومي من ثلاث وجبات. في التطبيق العملي كانت النتائج واعدة من خلال تنظيم الغلوكوز في الدم باستخدام الخوارزميات السابقة حيث أعطت خوارزمية محاكاة التلدين أفضل زمن مع المحافظة على القيم المسموحة لتركيز الغلوكوز. وفي المستقبل يمكن تطوير هذا البحث والعمل عليه من خلال الدمج بين اثنين من الخوارزميات أو أكثر واستغلال الإيجابيات التي ظهرت معنا في كل خوارزمية.
{"title":"دراسة تحليلية لبعض خوارزميات الذكاء الصناعي التي استخدمت مع متحكم PID للتحكم بسكر الدم لدى مرضى السكري","authors":"مريان فضل سعدو","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.n100921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.n100921","url":null,"abstract":"مرض السكري هو أحد الامراض واسعة الانتشار في العالم اليوم وأحد أهم طرق علاجه إعطاء جرعات من الأنسولين ومازالت الأبحاث مستمرة في مجال البنكرياس الصناعي، المعروف أيضا باسم علاج الانسولين مغلق الحلقة، حيث يمكن حساب معدل ضخ الأنسولين الذي بدوره يحافظ على تركيز الغلوكوز في الدم. ونظراً لأهمية هذا النظام وبما أنَّ الأبحاث مازالت حتى وقتنا الراهن تعمل على زيادة دقته وسرعة استجابته فإن استخدام خوارزميات الذكاء الصناعي معه ساهم كثيراً في تحسينه، ومن التحديات الكبيرة التي واجهتنا هو أنَّ الأبحاث التي استخدمت أحد هذه الخوارزميات للتحسين لم تستخدم نفس المتحكم فهو يختلف من بحث إلى آخر، وبالتالي كان علينا توحيد نظام التحكم والتعديل البرمجي اللازم لنتمكن من المقارنة الصحيحة وإظهار أدق النتائج. في هذا البحث تم اقتراح أربع خوارزميات تحكم مختلفة تقوم هذه الخوارزميات بضبط بارامترات المتحكمPID مع النموذج الرياضي لنظام الغلوكوز والأنسولين (البنكرياس الصناعي)، هذه الخوارزميات هي الخوارزمية الجينية لضبط المتحكم (GA_PID)، وخوارزمية محاكاة التلدين(SA_PID)، وخوارزمية سرب الطيور (PSO_PID) وخوارزمية النحل (ABC_PID). نفذت الدراسة من خلال مريض سكري افتراضي على أساس نموذج بيرغمان المعدل لتنظيم الغلوكوز والأنسولين. تمت عملية المحاكاة في شروط طعام يومي من ثلاث وجبات. في التطبيق العملي كانت النتائج واعدة من خلال تنظيم الغلوكوز في الدم باستخدام الخوارزميات السابقة حيث أعطت خوارزمية محاكاة التلدين أفضل زمن مع المحافظة على القيم المسموحة لتركيز الغلوكوز. وفي المستقبل يمكن تطوير هذا البحث والعمل عليه من خلال الدمج بين اثنين من الخوارزميات أو أكثر واستغلال الإيجابيات التي ظهرت معنا في كل خوارزمية.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91381216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
استهلاك الطاقة مهمٌّ جدًّا في التصميم الرقمي. تستخدم العديد من الأجهزة المحمولة البطارية كمصدر للطاقة، مثل الهواتف المحمولة وأجهزة الكمبيوتر المحمولة والأجهزة الطبية ذات الاستخدام الشخصي. تم تطوير عدد من التقنيات لتصميم معالج منخفض الطاقة، مثل بوابة الساعة (clock gate)، وبوابة الطاقة (power gate)، وإعادة التصميم المعماري لأجزاء المعالج. أحد العوامل المهمة في استهلاك الطاقة في الدارات المنطقية المصنَّعة بتقنيَّة CMOS هو معدَّل التبديل بين 0 و1. يقدِّم هذا البحث تصميمًا جديدًا لوحدة التحكم يخفض من استهلاك الطاقة في المعالج. لتحقيق هذا الهدف، تم إجراء دراسة عميقة لتصميم إشارات التحكم الناتجة عن فكِّ شيفرة التعليمة لمجموعة تعليمات لغة التجميع x86. نتج عن هذه الدراسة تخفيض الانتقالات بين 0 و1 في الإشارات الناتجة عن وحدة التحكم خلال تنفيذ التعليمات المتتالية للبرنامج، البنية الجديدة لوحدة التحكم أعطت توفيرًا في الطاقة المستهلكة وصل إلى نسبة 7.81%.
{"title":"تخفيض الطاقة المستهلكة في معالج CMOS CISC عبر تخفيض الانتقالات بين 0 و1 في وحدة التحكم","authors":"محمد أيمن نعال, عامر بوشي, تولاي عبدالقادر شاهين","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.e070122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.e070122","url":null,"abstract":"استهلاك الطاقة مهمٌّ جدًّا في التصميم الرقمي. تستخدم العديد من الأجهزة المحمولة البطارية كمصدر للطاقة، مثل الهواتف المحمولة وأجهزة الكمبيوتر المحمولة والأجهزة الطبية ذات الاستخدام الشخصي. تم تطوير عدد من التقنيات لتصميم معالج منخفض الطاقة، مثل بوابة الساعة (clock gate)، وبوابة الطاقة (power gate)، وإعادة التصميم المعماري لأجزاء المعالج. أحد العوامل المهمة في استهلاك الطاقة في الدارات المنطقية المصنَّعة بتقنيَّة CMOS هو معدَّل التبديل بين 0 و1. يقدِّم هذا البحث تصميمًا جديدًا لوحدة التحكم يخفض من استهلاك الطاقة في المعالج. لتحقيق هذا الهدف، تم إجراء دراسة عميقة لتصميم إشارات التحكم الناتجة عن فكِّ شيفرة التعليمة لمجموعة تعليمات لغة التجميع x86. نتج عن هذه الدراسة تخفيض الانتقالات بين 0 و1 في الإشارات الناتجة عن وحدة التحكم خلال تنفيذ التعليمات المتتالية للبرنامج، البنية الجديدة لوحدة التحكم أعطت توفيرًا في الطاقة المستهلكة وصل إلى نسبة 7.81%.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83113652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work studies the clarification of drinking water by removing Nitrate and Nitrite using electrocoagulation (EC) and the addition of activated carbon which produced from the almond peel (AP). The efficiency of coupling process studied by using different amounts of adsorbent material to identify the most appropriate dosage, for enhancing drinking water purification, The efficiency of the current density used in the removal of Nitrate and Nitrite was studied, energy consumption of the process was also determined. The coupling between electrocoagulation and the addition of the activated carbon showed that the addition of an appropriate dosage resulted in the enhancement of the removal rate of Nitrate and Nitrite especially at lower current densities, and resulted in a considerable reduction in the needed time compared to the conventional process that does not use activated carbon. The electrocoagulation with the addition of activated carbon achieved efficiency removal of approximately 58.5% for Nitrate and 98.9% for Nitrite. Based on the high removal efficiency, short contact time, and low energy consumption, the electrocoagulation with the addition of activated carbon method could be recommended instead of the conventional process. Furthermore, the results suggest that the productivity of the process is enhanced by adding a very small amount of NaCl as a supporting electrolyte.
{"title":"Nitrate Removal from Water Using Electrocoagulation with Activated Carbon: إزالة النترات من المياه بالتخثير الكهربائي مع الكربون المنشط","authors":"Soulaiman Bassam Mershed, Bassam Alaji Soulaiman Bassam Mershed, Bassam Alaji","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.c130821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.c130821","url":null,"abstract":"The present work studies the clarification of drinking water by removing Nitrate and Nitrite using electrocoagulation (EC) and the addition of activated carbon which produced from the almond peel (AP). The efficiency of coupling process studied by using different amounts of adsorbent material to identify the most appropriate dosage, for enhancing drinking water purification, The efficiency of the current density used in the removal of Nitrate and Nitrite was studied, energy consumption of the process was also determined. The coupling between electrocoagulation and the addition of the activated carbon showed that the addition of an appropriate dosage resulted in the enhancement of the removal rate of Nitrate and Nitrite especially at lower current densities, and resulted in a considerable reduction in the needed time compared to the conventional process that does not use activated carbon. The electrocoagulation with the addition of activated carbon achieved efficiency removal of approximately 58.5% for Nitrate and 98.9% for Nitrite. Based on the high removal efficiency, short contact time, and low energy consumption, the electrocoagulation with the addition of activated carbon method could be recommended instead of the conventional process. Furthermore, the results suggest that the productivity of the process is enhanced by adding a very small amount of NaCl as a supporting electrolyte.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88742943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Islam Nazak Hamed Ragab, Tariq Ibrahim Muhammad Al- Nakh Islam Nazak Hamed Ragab, Tariq Ibrahim Muhammad Al
There are many reasons that lead to the occurrence of defects and errors in the welding process, and many researches have talked about this and concluded for several factors, some of which are technical related to the conditions of the welding process, and some are related to the skill of the worker himself, and others are related to the factors surrounding the welding process and metallurgical changes. The common factors of aspects of the welding process, which would lead to errors in the welding process by identifying the basics of obtaining a good welding line and identifying them in points and then changing these basics and recording the difference by means of simple destructive tests and then coming up with common fixed points that are classified as the basis for not obtaining good welding lines This is in order to avoid the technician and the specialist for these reasons, and let it be a scientific subject taught to those interested in welding operations. The experiment was done on steel of the low carbon type as a result of its high welding ability. Electric arc welding was chosen for its spread in several fields. With the choice of the flat horizontal position for these tests. The study ended with the verification of three common factors that would be the main causes in the various welding operations, which are the presence of oxides and impurities in the welding metal, the lack of skill of the technical worker, and the conduct of welding operations in an atmosphere of air current.
{"title":"Investigating the common factors in welding defects of metal connections: تحقيق العوامل المشتركة في عيوب اللحام للوصلات المعدنية","authors":"Islam Nazak Hamed Ragab, Tariq Ibrahim Muhammad Al- Nakh Islam Nazak Hamed Ragab, Tariq Ibrahim Muhammad Al","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.m260821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.m260821","url":null,"abstract":"There are many reasons that lead to the occurrence of defects and errors in the welding process, and many researches have talked about this and concluded for several factors, some of which are technical related to the conditions of the welding process, and some are related to the skill of the worker himself, and others are related to the factors surrounding the welding process and metallurgical changes. The common factors of aspects of the welding process, which would lead to errors in the welding process by identifying the basics of obtaining a good welding line and identifying them in points and then changing these basics and recording the difference by means of simple destructive tests and then coming up with common fixed points that are classified as the basis for not obtaining good welding lines This is in order to avoid the technician and the specialist for these reasons, and let it be a scientific subject taught to those interested in welding operations. The experiment was done on steel of the low carbon type as a result of its high welding ability. Electric arc welding was chosen for its spread in several fields. With the choice of the flat horizontal position for these tests. The study ended with the verification of three common factors that would be the main causes in the various welding operations, which are the presence of oxides and impurities in the welding metal, the lack of skill of the technical worker, and the conduct of welding operations in an atmosphere of air current.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81535202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadeel Khanji, Abed Elkader Hariri, Maad El-Madlaji Hadeel Khanji, Abed Elkader Hariri, Maad El-Madlaj
Urban sprawl is a common phenomenon in both developed and developing countries and most city planners agree that urban sprawl threatens the sustainability of urban growth. There is a clear contradiction between the benefits achieved by a small group who benefit from urban sprawl to improve their level of living, and the problems of the majority that are affected by their quality of life due to arrivals to the sprawl areas (environmental, traffic and planning problems and other problems). Therefore, it was necessary to monitor measure and analyze urban sprawl and land-use maps’ change, in order to prioritize planning policies and solutions necessary to be addressed. This situation attracted more attention and modern and advanced studies using geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques, which proved to a large extent to be an effective and valuable tool for monitoring and evaluating urban sprawl over a period of time. There are several measures and methods used to determine the changes of land use and to measure the urban sprawl of cities; However, many of them suffer from many limitations and difficulty in accessing data for its application. In this research, we first provide a definition of urban sprawl, its characteristics, causes, and measurement techniques that have been applied in many countries from decades to the present. The research will discuss its advantages and disadvantages, in addition to explaining the most appropriate way to measure and monitor land use changes in the vicinity of cities, so that planners can implement the appropriate policies to effectively reduce this phenomenon.
{"title":"The Importance of Monitoring Urban Sprawl in Cities, And the Appropriate Ways to Measure It: أهمية مراقبة الزحف العمراني في المدن والطرق المناسبة لقياسه","authors":"Hadeel Khanji, Abed Elkader Hariri, Maad El-Madlaji Hadeel Khanji, Abed Elkader Hariri, Maad El-Madlaj","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.d090921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.d090921","url":null,"abstract":"Urban sprawl is a common phenomenon in both developed and developing countries and most city planners agree that urban sprawl threatens the sustainability of urban growth. There is a clear contradiction between the benefits achieved by a small group who benefit from urban sprawl to improve their level of living, and the problems of the majority that are affected by their quality of life due to arrivals to the sprawl areas (environmental, traffic and planning problems and other problems). Therefore, it was necessary to monitor measure and analyze urban sprawl and land-use maps’ change, in order to prioritize planning policies and solutions necessary to be addressed. This situation attracted more attention and modern and advanced studies using geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques, which proved to a large extent to be an effective and valuable tool for monitoring and evaluating urban sprawl over a period of time. There are several measures and methods used to determine the changes of land use and to measure the urban sprawl of cities; However, many of them suffer from many limitations and difficulty in accessing data for its application. In this research, we first provide a definition of urban sprawl, its characteristics, causes, and measurement techniques that have been applied in many countries from decades to the present. The research will discuss its advantages and disadvantages, in addition to explaining the most appropriate way to measure and monitor land use changes in the vicinity of cities, so that planners can implement the appropriate policies to effectively reduce this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87284142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wajih Mohammed Nasrat Sammani, Saad Eldin Aladdin Zeitou Wajih Mohammed Nasrat Sammani, Saad Eldin Aladdin
With the growth and expansion of cities, their requirements change, which calls to Adaptive reuse of their buildings in proportion to these changing requirements in a sustainable manner. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reach the most important axes and determinants of building adaptive reuse process that must be taken into account when thinking about the of building adaptive reuse, through which it is possible to assess the success of building adaptive reuse process Employment, by explaining the concept of building adaptive reuse in addition to reviewing the ARP model to determine the possibility of building adaptive reuse and the ADAPT STAR model to increase the possibility of adaptive reuse in the future, leading to the extraction of the seven main axes of building adaptive reuse and then conducting a questionnaire to determine the relative weights of these axes and determine the impact of each A specific of the determinants of building adaptive reuse on the adaptive reuse process as a whole and on each other, ending by applying the results of the theoretical framework to a practical case of building adaptive reuse in the city of Aleppo. The research reached to extract sub-determinants specific to each of the seven axes regulating building adaptive reuse, and the research recommended the adoption of the extracted model to determine the extent of success of building adaptive reuse and to clarify the weaknesses and strengths of that process.
{"title":"Building Adaptive reuse determinants Case study: Al Andalus hospital in Aleppo city: محددات إعادة توظيف الأبنية: دراسة حالة مشفى الأندلس في مدينة حلب","authors":"Wajih Mohammed Nasrat Sammani, Saad Eldin Aladdin Zeitou Wajih Mohammed Nasrat Sammani, Saad Eldin Aladdin ","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.y070921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.y070921","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth and expansion of cities, their requirements change, which calls to Adaptive reuse of their buildings in proportion to these changing requirements in a sustainable manner. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reach the most important axes and determinants of building adaptive reuse process that must be taken into account when thinking about the of building adaptive reuse, through which it is possible to assess the success of building adaptive reuse process Employment, by explaining the concept of building adaptive reuse in addition to reviewing the ARP model to determine the possibility of building adaptive reuse and the ADAPT STAR model to increase the possibility of adaptive reuse in the future, leading to the extraction of the seven main axes of building adaptive reuse and then conducting a questionnaire to determine the relative weights of these axes and determine the impact of each A specific of the determinants of building adaptive reuse on the adaptive reuse process as a whole and on each other, ending by applying the results of the theoretical framework to a practical case of building adaptive reuse in the city of Aleppo. The research reached to extract sub-determinants specific to each of the seven axes regulating building adaptive reuse, and the research recommended the adoption of the extracted model to determine the extent of success of building adaptive reuse and to clarify the weaknesses and strengths of that process.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73516170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rama Abd Rabouh Mahsoun, Yasser Estanbouli Rama Abd Rabouh Mahsoun, Yasser Estanbouli
Improving medical imaging using ultrasound is important in order to get a high- resolution medical image, this research aims to achieve a physical modeling and simulation of an ultrasound transducer (UT) showing the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric material, in order to increase the transducer performance at both high and low frequencies by choosing a suitable piezoelectric material with good impedance. we adopted in this research Lead Zirconate Titanate material (PZT4), and performed modeling using mathematical equations that describe the actual physical behavior in the transducer structure and made a graphic user interface (GUI) using Matlab environment that demonstrate it, and display the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric material. As well as using Simulation by Finite Elements Methods (FEM) using On Scale environment and comparing the results in both of them. The results matched at a certain frequency, to give a clear image in the deep areas of the body. This later enables us to make modifications to the transducer structure and add backing layer and matching layer for the piezoelectric material.
{"title":"Improving the performance of ultrasound transducer using simulation and modeling: تحسين أداء محول طاقة الأمواج فوق الصوتية باستخدام المحاكاة والنمذجة","authors":"Rama Abd Rabouh Mahsoun, Yasser Estanbouli Rama Abd Rabouh Mahsoun, Yasser Estanbouli","doi":"10.26389/ajsrp.h260821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.h260821","url":null,"abstract":"Improving medical imaging using ultrasound is important in order to get a high- resolution medical image, this research aims to achieve a physical modeling and simulation of an ultrasound transducer (UT) showing the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric material, in order to increase the transducer performance at both high and low frequencies by choosing a suitable piezoelectric material with good impedance. we adopted in this research Lead Zirconate Titanate material (PZT4), and performed modeling using mathematical equations that describe the actual physical behavior in the transducer structure and made a graphic user interface (GUI) using Matlab environment that demonstrate it, and display the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric material. As well as using Simulation by Finite Elements Methods (FEM) using On Scale environment and comparing the results in both of them. The results matched at a certain frequency, to give a clear image in the deep areas of the body. This later enables us to make modifications to the transducer structure and add backing layer and matching layer for the piezoelectric material.","PeriodicalId":15747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of engineering sciences and information technology","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76186935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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