Extending the theoretical work of Biesel, a study is made of a plunger-type wavemaker which uses a vertically-oscillating wedge. A simplified boundary conditions is introduced on the contact surface between the wedge face and water. The first-order linearized hydrodynamic equations of motion are solved to obtain the velocity potential, which is composed of a wave part and a spatially transitory part. The wavemaker capability is analyzed in terms of the ratio of the wave amplitude to the wedge stroke. The importance of the spatially "transitory" part (near field component) is discussed with regard to the role played by the inertia pressure, which is central to determining the hydrodynamic force on the wedge. Water surface elevations very near the wedge are computed for varying wedge immersions. The total hydrodynamic force on the wedge is obtained by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure over the wetted area of the wedge. A recommended range of wedge particulars is presented in view of the quality of generated waves and the force on the wedge. The hydrodynamic effects on the wavemaker performance seem to be well explained by considering the differing behaviors of the in-phase pressure and of the quadrature or inertia pressure with increasing water depth.
{"title":"Simplified Analysis of a Plunger-Type Wavemaker Performance","authors":"J. Hyun","doi":"10.2514/3.63056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.63056","url":null,"abstract":"Extending the theoretical work of Biesel, a study is made of a plunger-type wavemaker which uses a vertically-oscillating wedge. A simplified boundary conditions is introduced on the contact surface between the wedge face and water. The first-order linearized hydrodynamic equations of motion are solved to obtain the velocity potential, which is composed of a wave part and a spatially transitory part. The wavemaker capability is analyzed in terms of the ratio of the wave amplitude to the wedge stroke. The importance of the spatially \"transitory\" part (near field component) is discussed with regard to the role played by the inertia pressure, which is central to determining the hydrodynamic force on the wedge. Water surface elevations very near the wedge are computed for varying wedge immersions. The total hydrodynamic force on the wedge is obtained by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure over the wetted area of the wedge. A recommended range of wedge particulars is presented in view of the quality of generated waves and the force on the wedge. The hydrodynamic effects on the wavemaker performance seem to be well explained by considering the differing behaviors of the in-phase pressure and of the quadrature or inertia pressure with increasing water depth.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121714527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vertical motion of a submarine detection system consisting of a surface float, cable, and an array of three neutrally buoyant inflated cylindrical legs is investigated. The variation of the natural frequencies of free vibration with different design parameters is studied. Analysis of the response of the system to surface wave excitations is carried out, the final objective being the reduction in the displacements of the leg tips supporting the hydrophones.
{"title":"Vertical Motion of a Buoy-Cable-Array System Used in Submarine Detection","authors":"V. Modi, A. Misra","doi":"10.2514/3.63055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.63055","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical motion of a submarine detection system consisting of a surface float, cable, and an array of three neutrally buoyant inflated cylindrical legs is investigated. The variation of the natural frequencies of free vibration with different design parameters is studied. Analysis of the response of the system to surface wave excitations is carried out, the final objective being the reduction in the displacements of the leg tips supporting the hydrophones.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133578721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An automated numerical algorithm has been developed for the prediction of the pressure distribution on twodimensional noncavitating lifting hydrofoils, isolated or in cascade, even with massive turbulent flow separation. The only required inputs are the hydrofoil profile, the inlet flow angle, the cascade parameters, and the Reynolds Number. Satisfactory experimental verification of the algorithm has been achieved against the NACA 63-018 airfoil at 18° angle of attack, the NACA 65, 2-421 airfoil of 20° angle of attack, and the NASA GA(W)-1 airfoil at 21° angle of attack with turbulent separation locations up to 85% chord upstream of the trailing-edge. Only two iterations were required in the previous cases with a maximum computing time of 205 sec on the CDC 7600 system.
{"title":"Pressure Distribution Prediction for Two-Dimensional Hydrofoils with Massive Turbulent Separation","authors":"C. Farn, D. Whirlow, F. Goldschmied","doi":"10.2514/3.48146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48146","url":null,"abstract":"An automated numerical algorithm has been developed for the prediction of the pressure distribution on twodimensional noncavitating lifting hydrofoils, isolated or in cascade, even with massive turbulent flow separation. The only required inputs are the hydrofoil profile, the inlet flow angle, the cascade parameters, and the Reynolds Number. Satisfactory experimental verification of the algorithm has been achieved against the NACA 63-018 airfoil at 18° angle of attack, the NACA 65, 2-421 airfoil of 20° angle of attack, and the NASA GA(W)-1 airfoil at 21° angle of attack with turbulent separation locations up to 85% chord upstream of the trailing-edge. Only two iterations were required in the previous cases with a maximum computing time of 205 sec on the CDC 7600 system.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114668770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface effect ships are envisaged which may exceed 100 knots speeds and 10,000 tons weight. Their lightweight structure leads to the possibility of hydroelastic instabilities and dynamic amplification of loads due to waves. Literature surveys indicate that hydrodynamic coefficients for lateral oscillations of slender profiles at high Froude number do not appear to have been studied. This paper describes initial phases of the determination of theoretical coefficients as an expansion in inverse Froude number, for moderate draft to length ratio, and very low frequency lateral motions. Integral equations are formulated for various orders of terms in a series expansion in inverse Froude number for hydrodynamic coefficients due to sway, roll, and yaw of a profile. Zerothorder terms are determined explicity, first-order terms implicitly. Explicit first-order terms will be the subject of a subsequent paper.
{"title":"Theoretical hydrodynamic coefficients of laterally oscillating profiles at high Froude number (for surface effect ships)","authors":"Gcc Smith, R. Shaw","doi":"10.2514/3.48145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48145","url":null,"abstract":"Surface effect ships are envisaged which may exceed 100 knots speeds and 10,000 tons weight. Their lightweight structure leads to the possibility of hydroelastic instabilities and dynamic amplification of loads due to waves. Literature surveys indicate that hydrodynamic coefficients for lateral oscillations of slender profiles at high Froude number do not appear to have been studied. This paper describes initial phases of the determination of theoretical coefficients as an expansion in inverse Froude number, for moderate draft to length ratio, and very low frequency lateral motions. Integral equations are formulated for various orders of terms in a series expansion in inverse Froude number for hydrodynamic coefficients due to sway, roll, and yaw of a profile. Zerothorder terms are determined explicity, first-order terms implicitly. Explicit first-order terms will be the subject of a subsequent paper.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126965373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lift augmentation effect of a rotating cylinder located at the truncated trailing edge of a body is presented. A symmetrical airfoil model with a trailing-edge cylinder was tested in a low-speed wind tunnel, and the lift produced as a function of cylinder speed was determined for cylinder speeds up to three times the freestream velocity. Since the lift was attained at a 0ous geometric angle of attack, the lift- producing phenomenon is called circulation control, which results from the alteration of the wake region by the spinning cylinder. The lift coefficients was found to be a linear function of the ratio of cylinder speed to freestream velocity and reached a value of 1.20 at a speed ratio of 3.0. A comparison is made with a lone spinning cylinder in a crossflow (magnus effect) and the cylinder-forebody combination reported herein. The cylinder-forebody pair produces higher values of lift at a given cylinder speed and a linear response in contrast to the nonlinear response of the lone cylinder at low cylinder speeds.
{"title":"Rotating cylinder for circulation control on an airfoil","authors":"J. S. Tennant, W. Johnson, A. Krothapalli","doi":"10.2514/3.48147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48147","url":null,"abstract":"The lift augmentation effect of a rotating cylinder located at the truncated trailing edge of a body is presented. A symmetrical airfoil model with a trailing-edge cylinder was tested in a low-speed wind tunnel, and the lift produced as a function of cylinder speed was determined for cylinder speeds up to three times the freestream velocity. Since the lift was attained at a 0ous geometric angle of attack, the lift- producing phenomenon is called circulation control, which results from the alteration of the wake region by the spinning cylinder. The lift coefficients was found to be a linear function of the ratio of cylinder speed to freestream velocity and reached a value of 1.20 at a speed ratio of 3.0. A comparison is made with a lone spinning cylinder in a crossflow (magnus effect) and the cylinder-forebody combination reported herein. The cylinder-forebody pair produces higher values of lift at a given cylinder speed and a linear response in contrast to the nonlinear response of the lone cylinder at low cylinder speeds.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130093733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A potential flow theory is used to develop a method and an associated computer program that computes the hydrodynamic forces and six degrees-of-freedom motion for floating structures of general configuration at arbitrary heading in waves in water of uniform depth. The hydrodynamic force equation derived become identical, under certain assumptions, to the equations commonly used by the offshore industry, and the two approaches are compared in detail. The computed motions for all six degrees of freedom agree well with model-scale and full-scale experimental data for two typical semisubmersible drilling rigs in finite-depth water. Also, the present motion computations are more accurate than a prior work using the second approach; they use experimentally validated or determined values of hydrodynamic coefficients with the effect of the free surface and water depth included. The present method generates sufficient computation accuracy to use for practical design applications.
{"title":"Motion of a Floating Structure in Water of Uniform Depth","authors":"Jin S. Chung","doi":"10.2514/3.63054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.63054","url":null,"abstract":"A potential flow theory is used to develop a method and an associated computer program that computes the hydrodynamic forces and six degrees-of-freedom motion for floating structures of general configuration at arbitrary heading in waves in water of uniform depth. The hydrodynamic force equation derived become identical, under certain assumptions, to the equations commonly used by the offshore industry, and the two approaches are compared in detail. The computed motions for all six degrees of freedom agree well with model-scale and full-scale experimental data for two typical semisubmersible drilling rigs in finite-depth water. Also, the present motion computations are more accurate than a prior work using the second approach; they use experimentally validated or determined values of hydrodynamic coefficients with the effect of the free surface and water depth included. The present method generates sufficient computation accuracy to use for practical design applications.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133799557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drag reduction and mean velocity measurements obtained for polymer injection into a developing axisymetric boundary layer in the inlet region of a pipe are reported. Experiments were conducted in a 12-in. diam commercial steel pipe. Concentrated solutions of Polyox WSR 301 were injected into the pipe at 3.5 diam for the pipe entrance. Injection concentrations varied from 100 ppm to 2400 ppm with Reynolds number varying from 2.8x10 to fifth power to 3.0x10 to the sixth power. Data for the inlet and fully developed regions of this study indicate that high drag reductions can be obtained in the inlet region. Drag reduction was found to depend on polymer flow rate, wall shear stress, and distance, but not to depend significantly on injection velocity or injection concentration. A four-layer mean velocity model is shown to describe the velocity profile in the developing polymeric region. The polymer interactive layer is dependent on flow and polymer characteristics. The upward shift of the turbulent layer is directly related to the dimensionless drag reduction parameter (V/u)(hu sub p/hu sub w). The velocity profile in the outer flow of the developing region is described by a velocity defect law with a constant profile parameter.
本文报道了在管道入口区域的轴对称边界层中注入聚合物的减阻和平均速度测量结果。实验是在一个12英寸的。商用直径钢管。在管道入口3.5直径处注入Polyox WSR 301浓溶液。注射浓度从100 ppm到2400 ppm不等，雷诺数从2.8 × 10的5次方到3.0 × 10的6次方不等。本研究的入口和完全开发区域的数据表明，在入口区域可以获得较高的阻力降低。研究发现，减阻与聚合物流速、管壁剪切应力和距离有关，但与注入速度或注入浓度关系不大。提出了一个四层平均速度模型来描述发展中的聚合物区域的速度分布。聚合物相互作用层取决于流动和聚合物特性。湍流层的上移与无量纲减阻参数(V/u)(hu sub p/hu sub w)有直接关系，发育区外流的速度廓线用一个匀速廓线参数的速度缺陷律来描述。
{"title":"Drag reduction and velocity distribution in developing pipe flow","authors":"K. Ramu, J. P. Tullis","doi":"10.2514/3.48143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48143","url":null,"abstract":"Drag reduction and mean velocity measurements obtained for polymer injection into a developing axisymetric boundary layer in the inlet region of a pipe are reported. Experiments were conducted in a 12-in. diam commercial steel pipe. Concentrated solutions of Polyox WSR 301 were injected into the pipe at 3.5 diam for the pipe entrance. Injection concentrations varied from 100 ppm to 2400 ppm with Reynolds number varying from 2.8x10 to fifth power to 3.0x10 to the sixth power. Data for the inlet and fully developed regions of this study indicate that high drag reductions can be obtained in the inlet region. Drag reduction was found to depend on polymer flow rate, wall shear stress, and distance, but not to depend significantly on injection velocity or injection concentration. A four-layer mean velocity model is shown to describe the velocity profile in the developing polymeric region. The polymer interactive layer is dependent on flow and polymer characteristics. The upward shift of the turbulent layer is directly related to the dimensionless drag reduction parameter (V/u)(hu sub p/hu sub w). The velocity profile in the outer flow of the developing region is described by a velocity defect law with a constant profile parameter.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116587532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analysis of a hydromechanical system for longitudinal control of a small hydrofoil boat is presented. The system incorporates height and acceleration sensors operating flaps on the foils through a mechanical linkage. Effects of some of the system parameters on the stability and response to waves are shown. The results indicate that the system is capable of providing adequate stability, but the response to stern waves at low frequencies is larger than desired.
{"title":"Investigation of Longitudinal Control System for a Small Hydrofoil Boat","authors":"W. H. Phillips, J. Shaughnessy","doi":"10.2514/3.48141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48141","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of a hydromechanical system for longitudinal control of a small hydrofoil boat is presented. The system incorporates height and acceleration sensors operating flaps on the foils through a mechanical linkage. Effects of some of the system parameters on the stability and response to waves are shown. The results indicate that the system is capable of providing adequate stability, but the response to stern waves at low frequencies is larger than desired.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114194007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of an ongoing analytical study at the Univ. of Mass, for the design of major components and a total power system for Gulf-Stream-based ocean-thermal power of 400 Megawatts electrical net power output. On the basis of these studies, the ultimate power potential of a 15 mile wide by 550 miles long length of the Gulf-Stream extending from south of Miami, Fla. to Charleston, S.C. is estimated to be approximately 2 trillion kilowatt hours per year which could be transmitted to shore by undersea cables. Critical subsystems and components (such as heat exchangers, ocean-based hulls, and cold water inlet pipe) are identified, and the technical basis for their configuration and design is discussed. 90/10 copper-nickel alloy plate-fin heat exchangers, with propane flowing upward (evaporators) or downward (condensers) through small passages in the plates and sea water flowing horizontally between the plates, have been selected. The latest power system (Mark II) is based on a submerged, twin catamaran concrete hull configuration with hulls approximately 80 ft in diameter by 800 ft long. The evaporators are staggered serially in height in 6 tiers placed above the twin hulls which contain the condensers, turbines, pump, and other power cycle components. A cold-water inlet pipe of elliptical cross section (1500 ft long and with a hydraulic diameter of 87 ft) is hinged between the hulls with a gun-buckler type joint. Technical problems facing the deployment of such plants are summarized, and the latest cost estimates predict busbar power costs of approximately 15 mills per kilowatt hour.
{"title":"Gulf-Stream-Based, Ocean-Thermal Power Plants","authors":"Jon G. McGowan, W. Heronemus","doi":"10.2514/3.63053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.63053","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an ongoing analytical study at the Univ. of Mass, for the design of major components and a total power system for Gulf-Stream-based ocean-thermal power of 400 Megawatts electrical net power output. On the basis of these studies, the ultimate power potential of a 15 mile wide by 550 miles long length of the Gulf-Stream extending from south of Miami, Fla. to Charleston, S.C. is estimated to be approximately 2 trillion kilowatt hours per year which could be transmitted to shore by undersea cables. Critical subsystems and components (such as heat exchangers, ocean-based hulls, and cold water inlet pipe) are identified, and the technical basis for their configuration and design is discussed. 90/10 copper-nickel alloy plate-fin heat exchangers, with propane flowing upward (evaporators) or downward (condensers) through small passages in the plates and sea water flowing horizontally between the plates, have been selected. The latest power system (Mark II) is based on a submerged, twin catamaran concrete hull configuration with hulls approximately 80 ft in diameter by 800 ft long. The evaporators are staggered serially in height in 6 tiers placed above the twin hulls which contain the condensers, turbines, pump, and other power cycle components. A cold-water inlet pipe of elliptical cross section (1500 ft long and with a hydraulic diameter of 87 ft) is hinged between the hulls with a gun-buckler type joint. Technical problems facing the deployment of such plants are summarized, and the latest cost estimates predict busbar power costs of approximately 15 mills per kilowatt hour.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"376 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122773256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hydrodynamic analysis is made for the motion of a submerged, elongated body of revolution rapidly approaching a free-surface with longitudinal, transverse, and rotational velocities, and an arbitrary angle of attack. Axial doublet distributions are used to generate the flowfield and the prescribed body shape. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the body are determined by the generalized Lagally theorem. Expressions for the hydrodynamic force and moment are derived and numerical solutions for the hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained. Through the characteristics behavior of these coefficients, effects of the free surface on the body dynamics are examined.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic coefficients of an elongated body rapidly approaching a free surface","authors":"S. Chow, L. Landweber, A. Hou","doi":"10.2514/3.48142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48142","url":null,"abstract":"A hydrodynamic analysis is made for the motion of a submerged, elongated body of revolution rapidly approaching a free-surface with longitudinal, transverse, and rotational velocities, and an arbitrary angle of attack. Axial doublet distributions are used to generate the flowfield and the prescribed body shape. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the body are determined by the generalized Lagally theorem. Expressions for the hydrodynamic force and moment are derived and numerical solutions for the hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained. Through the characteristics behavior of these coefficients, effects of the free surface on the body dynamics are examined.","PeriodicalId":157493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydronautics","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122099293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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