Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.97
Robert L. Geneve
Abstract Foliar application has become a viable alternative for auxin delivery to induce adventitious rooting in cuttings. Foliar application of K-IBA to buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.) and burning bush euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold] cuttings improved roots per cutting compared to untreated cuttings. However, foliar application was not as effective as K-IBA applied as a basal dip. To investigate if auxin uptake could be partially responsible for the differential rooting observed between treatments in burning bush euonymus, K-IBA was applied to the adaxial (upper) or abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces with or without a surfactant. There were no differences found for rooting percentages or roots per cutting related to the leaf surface treated or inclusion of the surfactant. It has been suggested that foliar auxin is absorbed mainly through open stomates on the leaf surface during cutting propagation. The current study indicates that auxin was absorbed equally well from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in these two species and that other factors such as transport or metabolism of IBA may be influencing differential rooting related to application method. Species used in this study: buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.), burning bush euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold]. Chemicals used in this study: K-IBA (indole-3-butyric Acid potassium salt).
叶面施用生长素已成为诱导插枝不定根的一种可行的替代方法。K-IBA对油桐(Cephalanthus occidentalis L.)和燃烧灌木卫矛(euonymus alatus (Thunb.))的叶面施用与未经处理的扦插相比，每次扦插能提高根系。然而，叶面施用的效果不如基施K-IBA。为了研究生长素摄取是否在一定程度上导致了燃烧灌木卫矛不同生根处理之间的差异，在有或没有表面活性剂的情况下，将K-IBA施用于叶面正面(上)或背面(下)。处理过的叶片表面和表面活性剂的掺入量对生根率和每根数没有影响。在扦插繁殖过程中，生长素主要通过叶片表面开放的气孔吸收。目前的研究表明，这两种植物的叶片正面和背面对生长素的吸收同样良好，IBA的运输或代谢等其他因素可能影响与施用方式有关的差异生根。本研究用种:油桐(Cephalanthus occidentalis L.)、火炬树卫矛(euonymus alatus (Thunb.))。保留)。本研究使用的化学物质:K-IBA(吲哚-3-丁酸钾盐)。
{"title":"Foliar application of K-IBA to the Abaxial or Adaxial Leaf Surface With or Without a Surfactant Does Not Impact Root Formation in Buttonbush and Burning Bush Euonymus Cuttings","authors":"Robert L. Geneve","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.97","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Foliar application has become a viable alternative for auxin delivery to induce adventitious rooting in cuttings. Foliar application of K-IBA to buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.) and burning bush euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold] cuttings improved roots per cutting compared to untreated cuttings. However, foliar application was not as effective as K-IBA applied as a basal dip. To investigate if auxin uptake could be partially responsible for the differential rooting observed between treatments in burning bush euonymus, K-IBA was applied to the adaxial (upper) or abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces with or without a surfactant. There were no differences found for rooting percentages or roots per cutting related to the leaf surface treated or inclusion of the surfactant. It has been suggested that foliar auxin is absorbed mainly through open stomates on the leaf surface during cutting propagation. The current study indicates that auxin was absorbed equally well from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in these two species and that other factors such as transport or metabolism of IBA may be influencing differential rooting related to application method. Species used in this study: buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.), burning bush euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold]. Chemicals used in this study: K-IBA (indole-3-butyric Acid potassium salt).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.87
Justin Peterman, Conor Fair, Hannah Brown, Kris Braman, Marc W. van Iersel
Abstract Increased efforts to use native plants to provide ecosystem services in urban landscapes have led to breeding efforts to increase access to native plants in horticulture markets. Inadvertent ecological impacts however should be assessed prior to market release. Here we trial new interspecific hybrids of milkweed to assess outcrossing into natural populations and support for pollinating species. Interspecific hybrids of Asclepias were unable to successfully fertilize A. tuberosa, indicating minimal likelihood of outcrossing into natural populations. Hybrids lacked self-fertilization and the ability to cross with full-siblings, indicating low levels of establishment of the interspecific hybrids into natural environments. Nectar composition and nectar concentration were similar among hybrids and A. tuberosa, revealing there was not a loss in floral rewards, despite trait selection for horticulturally preferable traits. Pollinator abundance was higher on hybrids than on A. tuberosa, and richness and diversity of pollinator species were similar among hybrids and A. tuberosa, indicating that the hybrids can offer similar or more ecosystem services as A. tuberosa. New interspecific hybrids of Asclepias selected for horticulturally preferable traits have shown ecological value similar to A. tuberosa with respect to supporting pollinating species and minimal ecosystem impact for natural populations of A. tuberosa. Species used in this study: butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.); tall green milkweed [Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson]; common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.); showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa Torr.); purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens L.); Asclepias tuberosa × hirtella; Asclepias tuberosa × syriaca; Asclepias tuberosa × speciosa; Asclepias tuberosa × purpurascens.
{"title":"Assessing Ecological Impacts of Cultivated Hybrids of Milkweed (<i>Asclepias</i>)","authors":"Justin Peterman, Conor Fair, Hannah Brown, Kris Braman, Marc W. van Iersel","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.3.87","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increased efforts to use native plants to provide ecosystem services in urban landscapes have led to breeding efforts to increase access to native plants in horticulture markets. Inadvertent ecological impacts however should be assessed prior to market release. Here we trial new interspecific hybrids of milkweed to assess outcrossing into natural populations and support for pollinating species. Interspecific hybrids of Asclepias were unable to successfully fertilize A. tuberosa, indicating minimal likelihood of outcrossing into natural populations. Hybrids lacked self-fertilization and the ability to cross with full-siblings, indicating low levels of establishment of the interspecific hybrids into natural environments. Nectar composition and nectar concentration were similar among hybrids and A. tuberosa, revealing there was not a loss in floral rewards, despite trait selection for horticulturally preferable traits. Pollinator abundance was higher on hybrids than on A. tuberosa, and richness and diversity of pollinator species were similar among hybrids and A. tuberosa, indicating that the hybrids can offer similar or more ecosystem services as A. tuberosa. New interspecific hybrids of Asclepias selected for horticulturally preferable traits have shown ecological value similar to A. tuberosa with respect to supporting pollinating species and minimal ecosystem impact for natural populations of A. tuberosa. Species used in this study: butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.); tall green milkweed [Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson]; common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.); showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa Torr.); purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens L.); Asclepias tuberosa × hirtella; Asclepias tuberosa × syriaca; Asclepias tuberosa × speciosa; Asclepias tuberosa × purpurascens.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.40
E. Nangle, Tyler Morris, M. Fidanza, Gary Nolan, Michael Nairn, Daniel Brey
Increased utilization of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort) in residential lawns is due to enhanced drought tolerance and minimal problems with insect pests. Rhizoctonia blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) or “brown patch”, however, is a persistent disease of tall fescue lawns during summer months. The objective of this research was to evaluate a new fungicide [Mural 0.45WG active ingredients (a.i.’s: azoxystrobin and benzovindiflupyr)] for Rhizoctonia blight control in tall fescue as influenced by spray nozzle type. The fungicide was applied once to tall fescue in Ohio (OH) and Pennsylvania (PA), in both preventive and curative field trials. Three different spray nozzles were used to produce different spray droplet sizes (TurfJet 1/4TTJO4 = extremely coarse; Air Induction 8004 = very coarse; and XR TeeJet 8008 = coarse). Disease control and turfgrass quality were evaluated for a 63-day period after application. The fungicide, when applied using spray nozzles that produced either coarse or very coarse droplets, provided ≥42 days of preventive and curative disease control at both sites. Overall, better turfgrass quality was related to better disease control also at both sites. This offers value for turfgrass industry professionals as well as allowing for reductions in drift and non-target environmental problems. Species used in this study: tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. Chemicals used in the study: Mural 0.45WG (active ingredients a.i.’s: azoxystrobin and benzovindiflupyr).
{"title":"Evaluation of a Fungicide Application as Influenced by Spray Nozzles for Rhizoctonia Blight Management in Cool-Season Turfgrass Lawns","authors":"E. Nangle, Tyler Morris, M. Fidanza, Gary Nolan, Michael Nairn, Daniel Brey","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.40","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increased utilization of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort) in residential lawns is due to enhanced drought tolerance and minimal problems with insect pests. Rhizoctonia blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) or “brown patch”, however, is a persistent disease of tall fescue lawns during summer months. The objective of this research was to evaluate a new fungicide [Mural 0.45WG active ingredients (a.i.’s: azoxystrobin and benzovindiflupyr)] for Rhizoctonia blight control in tall fescue as influenced by spray nozzle type. The fungicide was applied once to tall fescue in Ohio (OH) and Pennsylvania (PA), in both preventive and curative field trials. Three different spray nozzles were used to produce different spray droplet sizes (TurfJet 1/4TTJO4 = extremely coarse; Air Induction 8004 = very coarse; and XR TeeJet 8008 = coarse). Disease control and turfgrass quality were evaluated for a 63-day period after application. The fungicide, when applied using spray nozzles that produced either coarse or very coarse droplets, provided ≥42 days of preventive and curative disease control at both sites. Overall, better turfgrass quality was related to better disease control also at both sites. This offers value for turfgrass industry professionals as well as allowing for reductions in drift and non-target environmental problems.\u0000 Species used in this study: tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.\u0000 Chemicals used in the study: Mural 0.45WG (active ingredients a.i.’s: azoxystrobin and benzovindiflupyr).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48001006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.74
J. Aulakh
Weed control efficacy and ornamental plants tolerance to dimethenamid–p (0.75%) + pendimethalin (1%) granular herbicide was evaluated in flat tray-grown weeds and container-grown ornamental plants. Dimethenamid – p + pendimethalin at 2.94 kg ai.ha–1 (2.62 lb ai.A–1) controlled the tested broadleaf and grassy weeds >80% for up to 8 wk following herbicide application. The higher dimethenamid–p + pendimethalin rates of ≥5.88 kg ai.ha–1 (≥5.25 lb ai.A–1) provided 94% to 99% control of the tested weed species but caused commercially unacceptable injury to pygmyweed [Crassula radicans (Haw.) D. Dietr. ‘Red carpet']. Chocolate flower (Berlandiara lyrata Benth.) tolerated dimethenamid–p + pendimethalin at 2.94 kg ai.ha–1 (2.62 lb ai.A–1) and 5.88 kg ai.ha–1 (5.25 lb ai.A–1) but the 11.77 kg ai .ha–1 (10.5 lb ai.A–1) rate was injurious in one of the two study years. Leucothoe [Leucothe fontanesiana (Steudel) Sleumer ‘Rainbow'] showed excellent tolerance to dimethenamid–p + pendimethalin at rates up to 11.77 kg ai.ha–1 (10.5 lb ai .A–1). Herbicides used in this study: 0.75% Dimethenamid–p + 1% pendimethalin (Freehand 1.75 G), (S) 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]acetamide] + N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6- dinitrobenzenamine]. Ornamental plant species used in this study: chocolate flower (Berlandiara lyrata Benth.), leucothoe [Leucothe fontanesiana (Steudel) Sleumer ‘Rainbow'], and pygmyweed [Crassula radicans (Haw.) D. Dietr. ‘Red Carpet']. Weed species used in this study: barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], fringed willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Hermm.), goosegrass [Elusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sangunalis (L.) Scop.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.).
在平盘生长的杂草和容器生长的观赏植物中评估了杂草控制效果和观赏植物对二甲酰胺-p（0.75%）+二甲哈林（1%）颗粒除草剂的耐受性。在施用除草剂后的8周内，2.94 kg ai·ha–1（2.62 lb ai·A–1）的二甲酰胺–p+二甲戊二胺可将试验的阔叶杂草和草杂草控制在80%以上。大于等于5.88 kg ai.ha–1（大于等于5.25 lb ai.A–1）的较高的二甲酰胺-p+二甲哈林比率对受试杂草物种的控制率为94%至99%，但对侏儒动物造成了商业上不可接受的伤害。巧克力花（Berlandiara lyrata Benth.）在2.94 kg ai·ha–1（2.62 lb ai·A–1）和5.88 kg ai·A–1（5.25 lb ai·A.–1）下耐受二甲酰胺-p+二甲哈林，但在两个研究年份中的一个研究年份，11.77 kg ai·哈–1（10.5 lb ai·A-1）的耐受率是有害的。Leuctohoe[Leucothe fontanesiana（Steudel）Sleumer‘Rainbow’]对二甲酰胺–p+二甲灵表现出优异的耐受性，耐受率高达11.77 kg ai.ha–1（10.5 lb ai.A–1）。本研究中使用的除草剂：0.75%二甲酰胺-p+1%二甲灵（Freehand 1.75 G），（S）2-氯-N-（2,4-二甲基噻吩-3-基）-N-[（2S）-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]乙酰胺]+N-（1-乙基丙基）-3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯胺]。本研究中使用的观赏植物种类：巧克力花（Berlandiara lyrata Benth.）、白胸花（Leucothe fontanesiana（Steudel）Sleumer‘Rainbow’）和侏儒花（Crassula radicans（Haw.）D.Dietr.‘Red Carpet’）。本研究中使用的杂草种类：barnyardgrass[Echinochloa crus galli（L.）Beauv.]、流苏柳草（Epilobium cillium Raf.ssp.cillium，和黄叶酢浆草（Oxalis stricta L.）。
{"title":"Weed Control Efficacy and Ornamental Plant Tolerance to Dimethenamid–p + Pendimethalin Granular Herbicide","authors":"J. Aulakh","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.74","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Weed control efficacy and ornamental plants tolerance to dimethenamid–p (0.75%) + pendimethalin (1%) granular herbicide was evaluated in flat tray-grown weeds and container-grown ornamental plants. Dimethenamid – p + pendimethalin at 2.94 kg ai.ha–1 (2.62 lb ai.A–1) controlled the tested broadleaf and grassy weeds >80% for up to 8 wk following herbicide application. The higher dimethenamid–p + pendimethalin rates of ≥5.88 kg ai.ha–1 (≥5.25 lb ai.A–1) provided 94% to 99% control of the tested weed species but caused commercially unacceptable injury to pygmyweed [Crassula radicans (Haw.) D. Dietr. ‘Red carpet']. Chocolate flower (Berlandiara lyrata Benth.) tolerated dimethenamid–p + pendimethalin at 2.94 kg ai.ha–1 (2.62 lb ai.A–1) and 5.88 kg ai.ha–1 (5.25 lb ai.A–1) but the 11.77 kg ai .ha–1 (10.5 lb ai.A–1) rate was injurious in one of the two study years. Leucothoe [Leucothe fontanesiana (Steudel) Sleumer ‘Rainbow'] showed excellent tolerance to dimethenamid–p + pendimethalin at rates up to 11.77 kg ai.ha–1 (10.5 lb ai .A–1).\u0000 Herbicides used in this study: 0.75% Dimethenamid–p + 1% pendimethalin (Freehand 1.75 G), (S) 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]acetamide] + N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6- dinitrobenzenamine].\u0000 Ornamental plant species used in this study: chocolate flower (Berlandiara lyrata Benth.), leucothoe [Leucothe fontanesiana (Steudel) Sleumer ‘Rainbow'], and pygmyweed [Crassula radicans (Haw.) D. Dietr. ‘Red Carpet'].\u0000 Weed species used in this study: barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], fringed willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Hermm.), goosegrass [Elusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sangunalis (L.) Scop.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46740095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.48
D. Lass, Richard W. Harper
This study details the results of a survey of firms that was conducted to establish a baseline for a further understanding of the value of the arboriculture/commercial urban forestry (ACUF) sector to the New England Economy, during February and March of 2022. The greatest percentage of responses came from Massachusetts firms (45 percent) followed by Connecticut (about 15 percent) and Maine (about 9 percent). Respondents from New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont represented 6-7 percent of the sample and firms from other states (and international firms) comprised 11 percent of the sample. The distribution of firms' business income earned in each state were consistent with the firm location distribution. Large firms dominated the distribution of 2021 gross income for ACUF firms in this sample with about 48 percent of the respondents reporting gross incomes greater than $500,000. There was also a relatively large number of small firms (about 10 percent) earning less than $25,000. The 2021 total gross income of the 119 firms in this sample was estimated to be over $252 million. Large firms earning over $1 million in gross income represent 91 percent of the total gross income for this sample. Just over 70 percent of firms' gross income was from private individuals, with about 18 percent from commercial sources. Only about 7 percent was from state and local government. Tree pruning and removal was the predominant activity (over 55 percent), followed by tree fertilization and tree health at about 17 percent. Other tree care activities represented less than 10 percent of gross income.
{"title":"Understanding the Economic Contributions of the Arboriculture & Commercial Urban Forestry Sector in New England","authors":"D. Lass, Richard W. Harper","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.48","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study details the results of a survey of firms that was conducted to establish a baseline for a further understanding of the value of the arboriculture/commercial urban forestry (ACUF) sector to the New England Economy, during February and March of 2022. The greatest percentage of responses came from Massachusetts firms (45 percent) followed by Connecticut (about 15 percent) and Maine (about 9 percent). Respondents from New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont represented 6-7 percent of the sample and firms from other states (and international firms) comprised 11 percent of the sample. The distribution of firms' business income earned in each state were consistent with the firm location distribution. Large firms dominated the distribution of 2021 gross income for ACUF firms in this sample with about 48 percent of the respondents reporting gross incomes greater than $500,000. There was also a relatively large number of small firms (about 10 percent) earning less than $25,000. The 2021 total gross income of the 119 firms in this sample was estimated to be over $252 million. Large firms earning over $1 million in gross income represent 91 percent of the total gross income for this sample. Just over 70 percent of firms' gross income was from private individuals, with about 18 percent from commercial sources. Only about 7 percent was from state and local government. Tree pruning and removal was the predominant activity (over 55 percent), followed by tree fertilization and tree health at about 17 percent. Other tree care activities represented less than 10 percent of gross income.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.59
B. Miller, N. Bassuk
Hickories (Carya Nutt.) include multiple stately, native trees that offer ornamental features and site adaptability. Immense interest exists in effectively producing these trees, however, due to their lag-phase shoot growth and strong development of a taproot with minimal fibrous-root branching, these trees exhibit resistance to standard growing techniques and are purportedly difficult to transplant successfully. New commercial products such as modified nursery containers are touted as better alternatives to traditional production techniques. If these new products are effective, they provide new opportunities for developing hickory crops for nursery production. We questioned whether traditional field-grown production, above-ground containers, or above-ground bags could be used to effectively grow bare-root whips of hickories and northern pecan. When differences between treatments occurred, growth was generally greatest with plants grown in above-ground bags, followed by above-ground container-grown plants, and lowest with field-grown plants. Species differences were detected, indicating not all species of Carya should be treated identically in the nursery. Additional factors such as unusual nutritional deficiencies of container-grown stock were encountered, suggesting some Carya species may exhibit unique requirements in the nursery. Species used in this study: bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loudon]; and shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch].
{"title":"Nursery Production Method Influences Growth of Hickories","authors":"B. Miller, N. Bassuk","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hickories (Carya Nutt.) include multiple stately, native trees that offer ornamental features and site adaptability. Immense interest exists in effectively producing these trees, however, due to their lag-phase shoot growth and strong development of a taproot with minimal fibrous-root branching, these trees exhibit resistance to standard growing techniques and are purportedly difficult to transplant successfully. New commercial products such as modified nursery containers are touted as better alternatives to traditional production techniques. If these new products are effective, they provide new opportunities for developing hickory crops for nursery production. We questioned whether traditional field-grown production, above-ground containers, or above-ground bags could be used to effectively grow bare-root whips of hickories and northern pecan. When differences between treatments occurred, growth was generally greatest with plants grown in above-ground bags, followed by above-ground container-grown plants, and lowest with field-grown plants. Species differences were detected, indicating not all species of Carya should be treated identically in the nursery. Additional factors such as unusual nutritional deficiencies of container-grown stock were encountered, suggesting some Carya species may exhibit unique requirements in the nursery.\u0000 Species used in this study: bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loudon]; and shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch].","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48961113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.fmi
{"title":"Significance to the Horticulture Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136161314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.65
L. Chalker-Scott
Despite global concerns regarding climate change, one thing remains constant: homeowners want gardens and landscapes that serve them functionally and aesthetically. The strong affinity homeowners have for their land can lead to excessive use of water and fertilizer. This literature review explores the relationships between homeowners and their residential landscapes and the efforts that can be made to address misuse and overuse of resources. Governmental organizations should work together with community groups, nursery and landscape associations, and university Extension faculty to understand homeowner desires and behaviors before instituting policies regarding resource use that are unpopular, resented, and ignored. Networking between the nursery industry and university Extension faculty and Master Gardener volunteers can provide educational opportunities for homeowners to understand and implement more sustainable landscape practices as well as showcasing ornamental landscape plants that can help meet both personal aesthetics and resource conservation goals.
{"title":"Excessive Use of Water and Fertilizer by Homeowners: Why It Happens, How It Affects the Environment, and How the Nursery Industry and Extension Outreach Can Help","authors":"L. Chalker-Scott","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-41.2.65","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite global concerns regarding climate change, one thing remains constant: homeowners want gardens and landscapes that serve them functionally and aesthetically. The strong affinity homeowners have for their land can lead to excessive use of water and fertilizer. This literature review explores the relationships between homeowners and their residential landscapes and the efforts that can be made to address misuse and overuse of resources. Governmental organizations should work together with community groups, nursery and landscape associations, and university Extension faculty to understand homeowner desires and behaviors before instituting policies regarding resource use that are unpopular, resented, and ignored. Networking between the nursery industry and university Extension faculty and Master Gardener volunteers can provide educational opportunities for homeowners to understand and implement more sustainable landscape practices as well as showcasing ornamental landscape plants that can help meet both personal aesthetics and resource conservation goals.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44985978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.14
Macy Fetchel, C. Hall
This paper provides a review of the key research efforts that provide evidence of one of the more prominent economic benefits associated with plants and improved landscaped areas – improved property values. These benefits may persuade reluctant residential homeowners to purchase plants and improve their landscapes, may aid municipal leaders and policymakers in justifying green infrastructure-related funding decisions, and may provide grounds for the landscape and general construction industries for using biophilic design principles to ensure the built environment offers opportunities for green space interactions. In this way, the green industry can play a pivotal role not only in providing quality plants for these applications, but in educating stakeholders regarding the economic benefits discussed herein. This research should also be strategically incorporated into both industry-wide and firm-specific marketing messages that highlight the quality-of-life value proposition in order to maintain the industry's sense of value and relevance to residential and municipal landscape consumers of the future. If implemented effectively, the demand for green industry products and services may be affected positively.
{"title":"An Update of the Literature Supporting the Economic Benefits of Plants: Part 2 – Increased Property Values","authors":"Macy Fetchel, C. Hall","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper provides a review of the key research efforts that provide evidence of one of the more prominent economic benefits associated with plants and improved landscaped areas – improved property values. These benefits may persuade reluctant residential homeowners to purchase plants and improve their landscapes, may aid municipal leaders and policymakers in justifying green infrastructure-related funding decisions, and may provide grounds for the landscape and general construction industries for using biophilic design principles to ensure the built environment offers opportunities for green space interactions. In this way, the green industry can play a pivotal role not only in providing quality plants for these applications, but in educating stakeholders regarding the economic benefits discussed herein. This research should also be strategically incorporated into both industry-wide and firm-specific marketing messages that highlight the quality-of-life value proposition in order to maintain the industry's sense of value and relevance to residential and municipal landscape consumers of the future. If implemented effectively, the demand for green industry products and services may be affected positively.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44569120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.7
A. Rihn, B. Behe, S. Barton, A. Torres
Native plants are increasingly of interest to growers, wholesalers, and retailers as they seek to expand sales in this important plant category. A recent online survey of 2,066 Americans showed that while many consumers were interested in, and had made a purchase of, a native plant in the past 12 months, more than half believed they were either slightly or not at all knowledgeable about native plants. People who use more environmentally conscious gardening behaviors (e.g., composting, recycling containers, rain barrels, organic practices, pollinator friendly plants, plants requiring less irrigation) are more likely to view native plants as important in their gardens and landscapes. Three segments based on perceived importance of native plants were compared and marketing implications are discussed.
{"title":"Greater Appeal of Native Plants for Environmentally Conscious Consumers","authors":"A. Rihn, B. Behe, S. Barton, A. Torres","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Native plants are increasingly of interest to growers, wholesalers, and retailers as they seek to expand sales in this important plant category. A recent online survey of 2,066 Americans showed that while many consumers were interested in, and had made a purchase of, a native plant in the past 12 months, more than half believed they were either slightly or not at all knowledgeable about native plants. People who use more environmentally conscious gardening behaviors (e.g., composting, recycling containers, rain barrels, organic practices, pollinator friendly plants, plants requiring less irrigation) are more likely to view native plants as important in their gardens and landscapes. Three segments based on perceived importance of native plants were compared and marketing implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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