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“Labor Trafficking in Portugal: Victims Perceptions of Formal Support, Post-victimization and Impact.” “葡萄牙的劳工贩运:受害者对正式支持的看法,受害后和影响。”
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.2010323
Ângela Fernandes, M. Gonçalves, M. Matos
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引用次数: 0
Child Sexual Offenders Typologies: An Exploratory Profile Model using Multiple Correspondence and Cluster Analysis of Portuguese Convicted Offenders Sample 儿童性犯罪者类型学:使用葡萄牙定罪罪犯样本的多重对应和聚类分析的探索性剖面模型
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1999055
R. Baúto, J. Cardoso, I. Leal
ABSTRACT Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is not a recent phenomenon. However, it increased visibility in Portugal in 2002, when a news piece raised suspicions about numerous public figures. Since then, there has been an upward trend in complaints and has stabilized in recent years. Nevertheless, even though the research emerging, it presents gaps in the characteristics and modus operandi of the child sex offenders in the Portuguese context. This article presents an exploratory study, where 66 case reports of inmates in Portugal (Lisbon District) were convicted for CSA crimes recorded in the last ten years. We used the Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis as statistical procedures, focusing on the dynamics of the offense, context, number of victims, relationship, and characteristics of the offense. With this analysis, we identified four distinct profiles, which occurs with both techniques. In addition, we found differences regarding the use of aggressivity and/or treating during or after the offense, nature of abuse and introduced the crime admission as an active variable, with contributions to the model definition. According to these results and international literature, we defined our groups in four types: Regressed, Indiscriminate, Inadequate, and Violent. We discuss our results based on the international models and demonstrate affinities with them.
儿童性虐待(CSA)并不是最近才出现的现象。然而,2002年,当一篇新闻报道引起了对许多公众人物的怀疑时,它在葡萄牙的知名度提高了。从那以后,投诉呈上升趋势,近年来趋于稳定。然而,尽管研究出现了,但在葡萄牙背景下,儿童性犯罪者的特征和作案手法方面存在差距。本文提出了一项探索性研究,其中66例报告的囚犯在葡萄牙(里斯本区)被定罪的CSA犯罪记录在过去十年。我们使用多重对应分析和聚类分析作为统计程序,重点关注犯罪的动态、背景、受害者人数、关系和犯罪特征。通过这种分析,我们确定了四种不同的概况,这两种技术都有。此外,我们发现了在犯罪期间或之后使用攻击性和/或治疗方面的差异,虐待的性质,并将犯罪承认作为一个主动变量,对模型定义有所贡献。根据这些结果和国际文献,我们将我们的群体定义为四种类型:回归,不分青红皂白,不充分和暴力。我们讨论了基于国际模型的结果,并展示了与它们的相似性。
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引用次数: 2
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Ex-Gang Members as They Transition into and Out of Gangs 前帮派成员进出帮派经验的解释性现象学分析
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1973233
L. Bolger, A. Needs
ABSTRACT To the extent that existing gang research is grounded predominantly in quantitative methodology, the subjective and retrospective experience of gang members is often overlooked. With this in mind, the present study adopts a qualitative approach to explore the individual trajectories of gang members, illuminating the psychological processes associated with change to develop understanding of gang membership, identity and desistance. The narratives of five ex-gang members were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore their experiences as they transitioned in and out of the gang. Superordinate themes of “Positioning self in a social world,” “Solutions to identity, meaning and belonging,” and “Catalysts for change” shed light on the similarities and divergence across their experience and are discussed in respect of existing literature. Implications for policy, practice and future research are discussed.
在某种程度上,现有的帮派研究主要基于定量方法,帮派成员的主观和回顾性经验往往被忽视。有鉴于此,本研究采用定性方法探讨帮派成员的个体轨迹,阐明与变化相关的心理过程,以发展对帮派成员、认同和抵制的理解。本文采用解释性现象学分析的方法,对五名前帮派成员的叙述进行了分析,以探讨他们在进入和离开帮派时的经历。“在社会世界中自我定位”、“身份、意义和归属的解决方案”和“变革的催化剂”等上级主题揭示了他们经历的异同,并根据现有文献进行了讨论。讨论了政策、实践和未来研究的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Written Records Quality of a Mock Witness Statement: Effects of Verbal Memory Ability, Note Taking Style and Note Taking Option 模拟证人陈述的书面记录质量:言语记忆能力、笔记方式和笔记选择的影响
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1945832
Saskia Johannsen, J. Meise, A. Leue
ABSTRACT Precise documentation of criminal proceedings is essential for evidence-based legal investigation. Unfortunately, in several countries there is no obligation to document interrogations electronically. Investigators often take notes to reconstruct the witness statement for protocol writing. This study investigated individual differences in the quality of written records of a mock witness statement in a 2 (Note Taking Style) x 2 (Note Taking Option) pseudorandomized between-subjects design. A part of the participants wrote their records verbatim (e.g., in full sentences without any abbreviations), while the other part wrote their records without any style instruction. In addition, half of the participants took notes every 6 minutes during the video, while the other half took notes after the video. Contrary to hypothesis 1, we did not observe a significant difference for note taking style in the record quality. Consistent with hypothesis 2, participants who took notes every 6 minutes during the video reproduced more correct details than participants who took notes after the video. In accordance with hypothesis 3, higher verbal memory ability was related to a superior reproduction of correct details. Conclusively, higher verbal working memory ability in conjunction with an intermittent note taking style is advantageous for taking protocols.
摘要准确的刑事诉讼文书是循证法律侦查的必要条件。不幸的是,在一些国家没有义务以电子方式记录审讯。调查人员经常做笔记来重建证人的陈述,以便编写程序。本研究采用2(笔记记录风格)x 2(笔记记录选项)伪随机受试者间设计,调查了模拟证人陈述书面记录质量的个体差异。一部分参与者逐字记录他们的记录(例如,在没有任何缩写的完整句子中),而另一部分人在没有任何风格指导的情况下记录他们的记录。此外,一半的参与者在视频中每6分钟做一次笔记,而另一半则在视频结束后做笔记。与假设1相反,我们没有观察到笔记风格在记录质量上的显著差异。与假设2一致,在视频中每6分钟做一次笔记的参与者比在视频结束后做笔记的参与者重现了更多正确的细节。根据假设3,较高的言语记忆能力与较好的正确细节再现能力有关。结论是,较高的言语工作记忆能力与间歇性笔记风格相结合有利于记录协议。
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引用次数: 0
Discrepancies between Ideal and Actual Mental State at the Time of the Offense Evaluation Practices 论犯罪评价实践中理想与实际心理状态的差异
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1945829
Lauren T. Meaux, J. Cox, C. Parrott
ABSTRACT Evaluator judgments of defendants’ mental state at the time of the offense (MSO) can influence the trier of fact and have implications for fairness and justice; however, current practices, and their alignment with best practice guidelines, are effectively unknown. The limited existing literature indicates that there are some substantive differences between practice recommendations for MSO evaluations and how they are conducted in practice. The current mixed methods study expanded those findings by revealing several discrepancies among how evaluators endorsed certain collateral data sources, clinical interview topics, and psychological and forensic assessment tools in an ideal evaluation scenario and how those ratings compared to their actual practices, as well as identified the justifications provided for any discrepancies. Overall, results suggest that actual practices are generally aligned with reported ideal practices; however, some discrepancies exist. We discuss these discrepancies in relation to existing ethical and specialty guidelines and propose practice recommendations. In order to protect against potentially biasing information, evaluators are encouraged to institute safeguards when communicating with a defendant’s attorney, implement a systematic review process, and scrutinize their current clinical interviews. Additionally, clinicians should be aware of all measures relevant to the psycholegal construct and may consider requesting further data sources.
摘要评价者对被告人犯罪时精神状态的判断会影响事实的审判,对公平正义具有重要影响;然而,当前的实践,以及它们与最佳实践指导方针的一致性,实际上是未知的。有限的现有文献表明,MSO评估的实践建议与实践中如何实施之间存在一些实质性差异。目前的混合方法研究通过揭示评估者在理想评估场景中如何认可某些附带数据源、临床访谈主题、心理和法医评估工具之间的一些差异,以及如何将这些评级与他们的实际实践进行比较,以及确定任何差异的理由,扩大了这些发现。总的来说,结果表明实际实践通常与报告的理想实践一致;然而,存在一些差异。我们讨论这些差异与现有的伦理和专业指南,并提出实践建议。为了防止潜在的有偏见的信息,鼓励评估人员在与被告律师沟通时建立保障措施,实施系统的审查过程,并仔细审查他们当前的临床访谈。此外,临床医生应该了解与心理结构相关的所有措施,并可能考虑要求进一步的数据来源。
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引用次数: 0
“Labor Trafficking in Portugal: Victims Perceptions of Formal Support, Post-Victimization and Impact” 葡萄牙的劳工贩运:受害者对正式支持、受害后和影响的看法
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1945831
Ângela Fernandes, M. Gonçalves, M. Matos
ABSTRACT This study aims to understand, through victims’ experiences, the impact and subsequent help-seeking and support process. The data was collected in institutional settings, through a semi-structured interview, from nine adult sheltered victims of labor exploitation of both sexes – 2 females and 7 males, aged between 42–67 years (M = 56.67; SD = 8.411). Thematic analysis was used, and three main themes emerged: formal support system, post-victimization and impact and traumas during formal support. The support provided to the victim was portrayed as effective and adequate; being able to meet the most basic and immediate needs. The victims trusted the police and the governmental institutions and were able to collaborate with the courts. The implications regarding the help-seeking system and public policy are discussed.
本研究旨在通过受害者的经历,了解其影响以及随后的求助和支持过程。数据是通过半结构化访谈在机构环境中收集的,来自9名受庇护的男女劳动剥削的成年受害者——2名女性和7名男性,年龄在42-67岁之间(M = 56.67;Sd = 8.411)。使用了专题分析,出现了三个主要主题:正式支持系统、受害后以及正式支持期间的影响和创伤。向受害者提供的支持被描述为有效和充分的;能够满足最基本和最迫切的需求。受害者信任警察和政府机构,并能够与法院合作。本文还讨论了这对求助系统和公共政策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in a Forensic Psychiatric Hospital: Informing Future Planning 法医精神病院应对COVID-19大流行的视角:为未来规划提供信息
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1973232
Christian Farrell, Tonia L. Nicholls, Karen L. Petersen, Lynn Pelletier, The Fph Emergency Operations Centre (EOC)
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rapid and unprecedented public policy and legislative interventions to reduce the global spread of the virus. The scope of these challenges has been particularly broad and pressing within health care settings. Individuals with severe mental illness hospitalized in psychiatric facilities are at greater risk of infection than the general population due to both the characteristics of the population (e.g., mentally ill individuals may find the physical distancing measures difficult to understand) and the nature of the settings (e.g., communal living, frequent admissions and discharges). Therefore, it is essential that preventative measures are taken to minimize the chance of nosocomial outbreak in long-term psychiatric facilities; yet minimal information specific to forensic contexts is available. This paper reviews the system-wide strategies that have been put in place across a large Canadian forensic facility and offers recommendations on how to respond to a pandemic or other outbreak in a secure psychiatric setting. Taking the response to COVID-19 in the context of a forensic psychiatric setting, we discuss a wide range of essential aspects of pandemic planning and provide examples of innovative practices that should be considered for retention, future research and broader implementation.
COVID-19大流行导致了快速和前所未有的公共政策和立法干预,以减少该病毒的全球传播。在卫生保健环境中,这些挑战的范围尤其广泛和紧迫。由于人群的特点(例如,精神病患者可能难以理解身体距离措施)和环境的性质(例如,社区生活、频繁入院和出院),在精神病院住院的患有严重精神疾病的个人比一般人群面临更大的感染风险。因此,必须采取预防措施,尽量减少长期精神病院院内暴发的机会;然而,专门针对法医背景的信息很少。本文回顾了在加拿大一家大型法医机构中实施的全系统战略,并就如何在安全的精神病学环境中应对流行病或其他疫情提出了建议。在法医精神病学背景下应对COVID-19,我们讨论了大流行规划的广泛基本方面,并提供了应考虑保留、未来研究和更广泛实施的创新做法示例。
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引用次数: 1
Educational Needs among Women Admitted to High Secure Forensic Psychiatric Care 接受高度安全法医精神病护理的妇女的教育需求
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1973234
H. Selenius, Linda Fälth, I. Svensson, S. Strand
ABSTRACT Forensic psychiatric patients’ low educational attainment is a strong predictor for recidivism. However, there is a lack of studies on the educational background among women admitted to forensic psychiatric care. The study aimed to investigate the educational background among women within a high secure forensic psychiatric setting. A mixed-method design was applied. Data were collected from registers, including medical records, forensic psychiatric investigations, and verdicts (n = 93), and by conducting interviews (n = 61) with women admitted to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden. The women’s education length varied between 5 and 18 years. According to interviews and registers, more than 70% of the women were found to have some school-related problems. In the interviews, some women associated school with conflicts, loneliness, and learning difficulties. Others explained how their disadvantageous home environment and many school changes affected their learning and problems developing and maintaining social relationships. Women with a neurodevelopmental disorder were to a higher degree documented with school-related problems than women without such disorders (97% vs. 63%). The educational attainment varied among the women, and consequently, their educational needs were heterogeneous. Therefore, they should be offered tailored education and vocational support to have an increased prerequisite for adjusting to and participating in society.
司法精神科患者受教育程度低是再犯的重要预测因素。然而,缺乏对接受法医精神科治疗的妇女的教育背景的研究。该研究旨在调查在高度安全的法医精神病学环境中妇女的教育背景。采用混合方法设计。数据收集自登记处,包括医疗记录、法医精神病学调查和判决书(n = 93),并通过与瑞典接受法医精神病学治疗的妇女进行访谈(n = 61)收集。妇女受教育年限从5年到18年不等。根据采访和登记,超过70%的女性被发现有一些与学校有关的问题。在采访中,一些女性将学校与冲突、孤独和学习困难联系在一起。其他人则解释了他们不利的家庭环境和许多学校的变化如何影响了他们的学习,以及在发展和维持社会关系方面的问题。有神经发育障碍的女性比没有这种障碍的女性有更高程度的学校相关问题(97%对63%)。妇女的受教育程度各不相同,因此她们的教育需求也各不相同。因此,应向他们提供有针对性的教育和职业支助,使他们有更多的条件适应和参与社会。
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引用次数: 1
“Everyone Needs to Be Cared For”: Exploring Care from the Perspective of Prison Officers Working with Young Adult Offenders “每个人都需要被照顾”:从监狱工作人员与青少年罪犯的角度探讨照顾
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1945835
Laura Frost, H. Scott, Abdullah Mia, H. Priest
ABSTRACT The purpose of the current study was to explore the care related experiences of prison officers working on an Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway service, located within a prison for young adults. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, a qualitative, grounded theory approach was utilized. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve officers. The data were analyzed in accordance with constructionist grounded theory methodology. The results identified the core category of relationships and two additional categories: impact of caring and development of officers’ caring approach. These categories were integrated into a model of care. Officers reported caring to be both rewarding and challenging. They expressed beliefs that providing care to service users increases wellbeing and reduces recidivism. The results demonstrate a reciprocal nature to care, with officers needing to receive care themselves in order to care effectively for service users. Officers’ approach to caring for service users was dependent upon an interaction between their own experiences of care, care related values, their relationship with individual service users and their own emotional state. Individual officers and the OPD Pathway service could benefit from additional support and understanding from the prison system.
摘要:本研究的目的是探讨在青少年监狱中从事罪犯人格障碍(OPD)路径服务的监狱官员的护理相关经验。由于研究的探索性,我们采用了定性的、扎根的理论方法。我们与12名警务人员进行了个别半结构化访谈。采用建构主义扎根理论方法对数据进行分析。结果确定了关系的核心类别和两个附加类别:关怀的影响和官员关怀方法的发展。这些类别被整合到一个护理模式中。官员们报告说,照顾孩子既有回报,也有挑战。他们表示相信,为服务使用者提供护理可以增进福祉并减少再犯。结果表明,互惠性质的照顾,与官员需要接受照顾自己,以有效地照顾服务用户。官员照顾服务使用者的方法依赖于他们自己的照顾经验、与照顾有关的价值观、他们与个别服务使用者的关系和他们自己的情绪状态之间的相互作用。个别警官和OPD通道服务可以从监狱系统的额外支持和理解中受益。
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引用次数: 2
“My Kids Will Always Be around Me, if Not Physically, Spiritually They Will Always Be around Me”: Fathers in Forensic Inpatient Care “我的孩子将永远在我身边,如果不是身体上的,精神上的,他们将永远在我身边”:法医住院护理中的父亲
IF 0.8 4区 心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.1945840
Michelle L. Wells, Christopher Hartwright, S. Morgan, Leigh Gale
ABSTRACT The current study aimed to increase understanding of men’s experiences of fatherhood in forensic inpatient care; a population overlooked in research and at risk of neglect in clinical practice. Eight participants recruited from forensic inpatient services were interviewed. Data was analyzed via social constructivist Grounded Theory. The central psychological concept developed was that of paternal connection, reflecting a transient sense of connection to the father-child relationship. Core categories included 1) Psychological Processes, 2) Interpersonal Relationships, and 3) Institutional Organization. Fathers in forensic inpatient care experience dynamic psychological connectivity to their paternal relationship, regardless of child contact. This multi-layered experience requires responsive intervention to support fathers in this context. Recommendations for research, practice, and policy are outlined.
本研究旨在提高对法医住院护理中男性父亲经历的理解;在研究中被忽视的人群,在临床实践中有被忽视的风险。对从法医住院服务部门招募的8名参与者进行了访谈。数据分析采用社会建构主义扎根理论。发展起来的核心心理学概念是父亲关系,反映了对父子关系的短暂联系感。核心分类包括:1)心理过程;2)人际关系;3)制度组织。无论是否与孩子接触,法医住院护理中的父亲都会体验到与父亲关系的动态心理连接。在这种情况下,这种多层次的体验需要响应性干预来支持父亲。对研究、实践和政策提出了建议。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice
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