Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2028395
Glòria Brugués Català, B. Caparrós
ABSTRACT The study of dysfunctional personality traits and psychological mechanisms related to antisocial behavior is increasingly gaining importance. In this paper we focus on the so-called Dark Constellation of the personality, analyzing Machiavellian, narcissistic, sadistic and psychopathic traits, and their relationship with moral disengagement mechanisms and with emotional intelligence. We specifically focused on the psychopathic personality to examine which studied variables can explain this personality pattern. Participants were 63 prisoners (44 men and 19 women) from three different prisons in Catalonia, Spain. Overall, correlational results indicate that dark constellation personalities are positively associated with moral disengagement and inversely associated with emotional intelligence. Dehumanization is one of the mechanisms most closely related with dark personalities. The study variables explaining psychopathic personality are the sadistic personality pattern and conversely the socio-cognitive mechanism of diffusion of responsibility and the ability to perceive emotions. Finally, the variables that appear as discriminating in extreme cases of psychopathic personality are the sadistic personality trait, and the mechanisms of dehumanization and advantageous comparisons.
{"title":"The Dark Constellation of Personality, Moral Disengagement and Emotional Intelligence in Incarcerated Offenders. What’s Behind the Psychopathic Personality?","authors":"Glòria Brugués Català, B. Caparrós","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2028395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2028395","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study of dysfunctional personality traits and psychological mechanisms related to antisocial behavior is increasingly gaining importance. In this paper we focus on the so-called Dark Constellation of the personality, analyzing Machiavellian, narcissistic, sadistic and psychopathic traits, and their relationship with moral disengagement mechanisms and with emotional intelligence. We specifically focused on the psychopathic personality to examine which studied variables can explain this personality pattern. Participants were 63 prisoners (44 men and 19 women) from three different prisons in Catalonia, Spain. Overall, correlational results indicate that dark constellation personalities are positively associated with moral disengagement and inversely associated with emotional intelligence. Dehumanization is one of the mechanisms most closely related with dark personalities. The study variables explaining psychopathic personality are the sadistic personality pattern and conversely the socio-cognitive mechanism of diffusion of responsibility and the ability to perceive emotions. Finally, the variables that appear as discriminating in extreme cases of psychopathic personality are the sadistic personality trait, and the mechanisms of dehumanization and advantageous comparisons.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91109448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2044713
R. Kantor, Bryan Myers, Kori Meyer, Bryan Barnes, Narina L. Nuñez, Benjamin M Wilkowski
ABSTRACT We know little about what constitutes “typical” testimony offered by psychological experts in capital sentencing trials. Experts may address mitigating factors to the jury during the penalty phase, but the mitigators typically offered, as well as the evidence presented to support the relevance of the mitigators, remains poorly understood. A sample of 94 capital trial transcripts were content analyzed. Findings suggest that expert presence was unrelated to sentencing judgments. Analysis of testimony content revealed that testimony concerning childhood abuse, mental illness, and family issues (i.e., a parent in prison or witnessing domestic violence) occurred in over 50% of the cases involving experts and that intelligence tests and personality assessments were the most frequently used assessment tools. The type of mitigating evidence presented (i.e., whether the testimony focused on the individual’s characteristics or the environmental factors that influenced the individual during development) varied considerably across cases. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
{"title":"Expert Psychological Testimony in the Capital Trial Penalty Phase: A Content Analysis of Trial Transcripts","authors":"R. Kantor, Bryan Myers, Kori Meyer, Bryan Barnes, Narina L. Nuñez, Benjamin M Wilkowski","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2044713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2044713","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We know little about what constitutes “typical” testimony offered by psychological experts in capital sentencing trials. Experts may address mitigating factors to the jury during the penalty phase, but the mitigators typically offered, as well as the evidence presented to support the relevance of the mitigators, remains poorly understood. A sample of 94 capital trial transcripts were content analyzed. Findings suggest that expert presence was unrelated to sentencing judgments. Analysis of testimony content revealed that testimony concerning childhood abuse, mental illness, and family issues (i.e., a parent in prison or witnessing domestic violence) occurred in over 50% of the cases involving experts and that intelligence tests and personality assessments were the most frequently used assessment tools. The type of mitigating evidence presented (i.e., whether the testimony focused on the individual’s characteristics or the environmental factors that influenced the individual during development) varied considerably across cases. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77223724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2044715
Vitalii O. Khodanovych, Olesia V. Khodanovych, Valeriia O. Smirnova, Anna Yu. Ponomarenko
ABSTRACT
The increased number of forensic psychological examinations in administrative cases of bullying and the lack of the theoretical basis for this type of forensic examination make the topic under consideration relevant. The article aims to study the forensic psychological examinations of bullying, the need for which arises in criminal and administrative proceedings, and suggest improvements of its problematic aspects. The methodological framework of the article consists of theoretical, diagnostic, and empirical methods, general psychological methods and principles, methods of mathematical statistics, and graphic representation of the results. The study has shown that the current stage in the development of forensic psychological examination of bullying is characterized by unequal treatment of both lawyers and psychologists. In the course of the research, the authors have developed and proposed the algorithm of forensic psychological examination. The material in this article may be of use to law enforcement officers, litigators, psychologists, and researchers specializing in research on bullying.
{"title":"Bullying: current issues of commissioning and carrying out of expert psychological evidence in court","authors":"Vitalii O. Khodanovych, Olesia V. Khodanovych, Valeriia O. Smirnova, Anna Yu. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2044715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2044715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p>The increased number of forensic psychological examinations in administrative cases of bullying and the lack of the theoretical basis for this type of forensic examination make the topic under consideration relevant. The article aims to study the forensic psychological examinations of bullying, the need for which arises in criminal and administrative proceedings, and suggest improvements of its problematic aspects. The methodological framework of the article consists of theoretical, diagnostic, and empirical methods, general psychological methods and principles, methods of mathematical statistics, and graphic representation of the results. The study has shown that the current stage in the development of forensic psychological examination of bullying is characterized by unequal treatment of both lawyers and psychologists. In the course of the research, the authors have developed and proposed the algorithm of forensic psychological examination. The material in this article may be of use to law enforcement officers, litigators, psychologists, and researchers specializing in research on bullying.</p>","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2041688
V. Khodanovych, Olesia V. Khodanovych, Valeriia O. Smirnova, Anna Yu. Ponomarenko
ABSTRACT The increased number of forensic psychological examinations in administrative cases of bullying and the lack of the theoretical basis for this type of forensic examination make the topic under consideration relevant. The article aims to study the forensic psychological examinations of bullying, the need for which arises in criminal and administrative proceedings, and suggest improvements of its problematic aspects. The methodological framework of the article consists of theoretical, diagnostic, and empirical methods, general psychological methods and principles, methods of mathematical statistics, and graphic representation of the results. The study has shown that the current stage in the development of forensic psychological examination of bullying is characterized by unequal treatment of both lawyers and psychologists. In the course of the research, the authors have developed and proposed the algorithm of forensic psychological examination. The material in this article may be of use to law enforcement officers, litigators, psychologists, and researchers specializing in research on bullying.
{"title":"Bullying: Current Issues of Commissioning and Carrying out of Expert Psychological Evidence in Court","authors":"V. Khodanovych, Olesia V. Khodanovych, Valeriia O. Smirnova, Anna Yu. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2041688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2041688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increased number of forensic psychological examinations in administrative cases of bullying and the lack of the theoretical basis for this type of forensic examination make the topic under consideration relevant. The article aims to study the forensic psychological examinations of bullying, the need for which arises in criminal and administrative proceedings, and suggest improvements of its problematic aspects. The methodological framework of the article consists of theoretical, diagnostic, and empirical methods, general psychological methods and principles, methods of mathematical statistics, and graphic representation of the results. The study has shown that the current stage in the development of forensic psychological examination of bullying is characterized by unequal treatment of both lawyers and psychologists. In the course of the research, the authors have developed and proposed the algorithm of forensic psychological examination. The material in this article may be of use to law enforcement officers, litigators, psychologists, and researchers specializing in research on bullying.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74100761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.2017551
Lara Arsuffi, Nadja Scarborough
ABSTRACT Literature links mental health problems comorbid with substance abuse with increased recovery time. There is limited research evaluating the effectiveness of substance abuse treatments for dual-diagnosis patients. This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BTSA group with this population. Questionnaires measuring motivation, locus of control, confidence to abstain and self-efficacy were administered to six different cohorts of BTSA participants (N = 38) at baseline, post, and follow-up stages. In addition, participants from the most recent BTSA cohort (N = 4) attended a post-program focus group, to provide information about their experiences of the intervention. Statistical analyses revealed that participants’ confidence in their ability to manage substance abuse was significantly higher post group, but the hypotheses that there would also be significant improvements in participants’ self-efficacy, motivation, and locus of control following completion of the program were not supported. Thematic analysis identified three key themes relevant to participants, namely validation, psychoeducation and identifying progress. This project provided valuable insights into participants’ experiences of the group, highlighting what they had gained form the intervention, and the impact on them from having Recovery Champions working in conjunction with NHS staff to facilitate the intervention. Limitations are discussed, alongside recommendations for improving the program.
{"title":"A service evaluation of the Behavioural Treatment for Substance Abuse (BTSA) programme for forensic dual diagnosis populations","authors":"Lara Arsuffi, Nadja Scarborough","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2021.2017551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2021.2017551","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Literature links mental health problems comorbid with substance abuse with increased recovery time. There is limited research evaluating the effectiveness of substance abuse treatments for dual-diagnosis patients. This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BTSA group with this population. Questionnaires measuring motivation, locus of control, confidence to abstain and self-efficacy were administered to six different cohorts of BTSA participants (N = 38) at baseline, post, and follow-up stages. In addition, participants from the most recent BTSA cohort (N = 4) attended a post-program focus group, to provide information about their experiences of the intervention. Statistical analyses revealed that participants’ confidence in their ability to manage substance abuse was significantly higher post group, but the hypotheses that there would also be significant improvements in participants’ self-efficacy, motivation, and locus of control following completion of the program were not supported. Thematic analysis identified three key themes relevant to participants, namely validation, psychoeducation and identifying progress. This project provided valuable insights into participants’ experiences of the group, highlighting what they had gained form the intervention, and the impact on them from having Recovery Champions working in conjunction with NHS staff to facilitate the intervention. Limitations are discussed, alongside recommendations for improving the program.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88377647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2026787
Ganna Sobko, V. Topchii, O.I. Bugera, O. Ivanii, Tatiana Yavorska
ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the emergence of bullying as a social and legal tort. The existence of such a phenomenon in schools and other educational institutions affects the further formation of a person’s personality, as a result of which we set ourselves the task of investigating the factors that can influence the formation of personality. We have developed questionnaires, which surveyed 1.570 minors and 234 teachers. Because of the severe mental violence of parents (or those who replace them), the lives of adolescents are destroyed, who in adulthood realizes themselves through criminal elements, by subordinating to themselves the will of another person, and the like. Our analysis of statistical data based on a survey of different groups of people (minors and teachers) gave us the opportunity to identify problematic issues of a socio-legal nature. It is also proposed to criminalize actions related to bullying of students by committed teachers (teacher, pedagogical worker, administration of an educational institution, social educator) in relation to a minor, including a person who instigates, organizes the commission of bullying in relation to a minor or non-adult.
{"title":"Bullying: Criminological and Criminal Law Aspects","authors":"Ganna Sobko, V. Topchii, O.I. Bugera, O. Ivanii, Tatiana Yavorska","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2026787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2026787","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the emergence of bullying as a social and legal tort. The existence of such a phenomenon in schools and other educational institutions affects the further formation of a person’s personality, as a result of which we set ourselves the task of investigating the factors that can influence the formation of personality. We have developed questionnaires, which surveyed 1.570 minors and 234 teachers. Because of the severe mental violence of parents (or those who replace them), the lives of adolescents are destroyed, who in adulthood realizes themselves through criminal elements, by subordinating to themselves the will of another person, and the like. Our analysis of statistical data based on a survey of different groups of people (minors and teachers) gave us the opportunity to identify problematic issues of a socio-legal nature. It is also proposed to criminalize actions related to bullying of students by committed teachers (teacher, pedagogical worker, administration of an educational institution, social educator) in relation to a minor, including a person who instigates, organizes the commission of bullying in relation to a minor or non-adult.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89573858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2028393
Amber Simler, Christopher Hartwright, Danielle A. Lawrence, B. Davies
ABSTRACT Quality of life for people who use forensic mental health services has been the topic of increased empirical and clinical interest in recent years. Despite this, no well-validated quality of life measure exists for use with this specific clinical population in the UK. The Forensic Quality of Life Questionnaire – Short Version (FQL-SV) is a psychometrically valid quality of life measure developed in the Netherlands and translated into English. The current study aimed to explore the validity of the English version of the FQL-SV (EFQL-SV) using a think aloud and concurrent probing cognitive interviewing procedure. Fifteen service users participated from UK-based forensic mental health services. Comprehension of the EFQL-SV was evaluated systematically. and findings indicated that the most significant difficulty for participants was the understanding of the wording of EFQL-SV items. This meant that the EFQL-SV was limited in the extent to which it measured what it purports to. A number of revisions to the EFQL-SV have been proposed but require further validation. We have titled the adapted measure the UK Forensic Quality of Life – Short Version.
{"title":"Cognitive Interview-Based Validation of the UK Forensic Quality of Life Questionnaire – Short Version (UKFQL-SV)","authors":"Amber Simler, Christopher Hartwright, Danielle A. Lawrence, B. Davies","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2028393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2028393","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Quality of life for people who use forensic mental health services has been the topic of increased empirical and clinical interest in recent years. Despite this, no well-validated quality of life measure exists for use with this specific clinical population in the UK. The Forensic Quality of Life Questionnaire – Short Version (FQL-SV) is a psychometrically valid quality of life measure developed in the Netherlands and translated into English. The current study aimed to explore the validity of the English version of the FQL-SV (EFQL-SV) using a think aloud and concurrent probing cognitive interviewing procedure. Fifteen service users participated from UK-based forensic mental health services. Comprehension of the EFQL-SV was evaluated systematically. and findings indicated that the most significant difficulty for participants was the understanding of the wording of EFQL-SV items. This meant that the EFQL-SV was limited in the extent to which it measured what it purports to. A number of revisions to the EFQL-SV have been proposed but require further validation. We have titled the adapted measure the UK Forensic Quality of Life – Short Version.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77076396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.2013176
Jennifer S. H. Lai, Fiona Mair DClinPsy, T. McMillan, Christopher Williams
ABSTRACT With substantial mental health needs, United Nations guidelines recommend prisoners should have access to healthcare of the same standard as non-prisoners. CBT-based self-help is recommended for anxiety and depression; one approach is Living Life To The Full (LLTTFTM). This study evaluated the feasibility of Prison Officers providing guided self-help support to adult male offenders experiencing distress in a Scottish prison. Prison Officers attended training in delivering LLTTF books and worksheets. Seven prisoners completed four one-to-one sessions of LLTTF. A large effect size was associated with improving depression self-ratings pre- to post-treatment. Pre-treatment anxiety and social function were associated with non-significant change. Feedback from Prison Officers and prisoners indicated LLTTF materials would benefit from adaptation for prison, which could be revised with Prison Officers and prisoners. Results suggest further research on guided self-help in prison is worth pursuing. Designated guided self-help workers may be better placed to deliver LLTTF in this or an educational setting.
{"title":"Evaluating the Feasibility of Prison Officers Providing Guided Self-Help Support to Adult Male Offenders Experiencing Stress","authors":"Jennifer S. H. Lai, Fiona Mair DClinPsy, T. McMillan, Christopher Williams","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2021.2013176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2021.2013176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With substantial mental health needs, United Nations guidelines recommend prisoners should have access to healthcare of the same standard as non-prisoners. CBT-based self-help is recommended for anxiety and depression; one approach is Living Life To The Full (LLTTFTM). This study evaluated the feasibility of Prison Officers providing guided self-help support to adult male offenders experiencing distress in a Scottish prison. Prison Officers attended training in delivering LLTTF books and worksheets. Seven prisoners completed four one-to-one sessions of LLTTF. A large effect size was associated with improving depression self-ratings pre- to post-treatment. Pre-treatment anxiety and social function were associated with non-significant change. Feedback from Prison Officers and prisoners indicated LLTTF materials would benefit from adaptation for prison, which could be revised with Prison Officers and prisoners. Results suggest further research on guided self-help in prison is worth pursuing. Designated guided self-help workers may be better placed to deliver LLTTF in this or an educational setting.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89522257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2021.2016115
Rusan Lateef, Fiona Moloney, Amina Ali, Roland M. Jones
ABSTRACT Shame is associated with various mental health and social difficulties. A broad range of social factors increase the risk of shame among individuals. One group that experiences increased shame due to their mental health diagnoses and criminal justice involvement is forensic patients. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare shame levels in forensic and non-forensic patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, and to examine whether any social determinants of health impacted the levels of shame among both groups. A self-report shame questionnaire and a measure of experiences with various social determinants of health were completed by 43 patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (22 forensic and 21 non-forensic patients). Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in levels of shame between the forensic and non-forensic patients. Early life experience as well as employment and working conditions had the most significant impact on shame levels for both forensic and non-forensic patients. We also found a significant difference between forensic and non-forensic scores in employment and working conditions (p = .046), with forensic patients rating their experiences with this factor as more positive than non-forensic participants. Clinical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Shame among Forensic and Non-Forensic Patients and the Impact of the Social Determinants of Health: A Pilot Study","authors":"Rusan Lateef, Fiona Moloney, Amina Ali, Roland M. Jones","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2021.2016115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2021.2016115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shame is associated with various mental health and social difficulties. A broad range of social factors increase the risk of shame among individuals. One group that experiences increased shame due to their mental health diagnoses and criminal justice involvement is forensic patients. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare shame levels in forensic and non-forensic patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, and to examine whether any social determinants of health impacted the levels of shame among both groups. A self-report shame questionnaire and a measure of experiences with various social determinants of health were completed by 43 patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (22 forensic and 21 non-forensic patients). Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in levels of shame between the forensic and non-forensic patients. Early life experience as well as employment and working conditions had the most significant impact on shame levels for both forensic and non-forensic patients. We also found a significant difference between forensic and non-forensic scores in employment and working conditions (p = .046), with forensic patients rating their experiences with this factor as more positive than non-forensic participants. Clinical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74987279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2022.2026856
William T. Miller, Christopher J. Sullivan
ABSTRACT To date, research has focused on the scale-level properties of juvenile risk assessments, such as their predictive validity across populations. Although these studies are valuable, they provide little item-level information to inform future developments in assessment strategies. Item-level information, including the difficulty and discrimination parameters of the items that comprise the scale, provides insight into patterns of endorsement across risk levels. The current study examines the item-level characteristics of the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) in a sample of 459 justice-involved youths across a Midwestern state. Using the two-parameter logistic model of Item Response Theory, discrimination and difficulty parameters were estimated for each item that comprises the OYAS-DIS. A test information curve was also examined to determine the levels at which the OYAS-DIS provides the most information. Results indicated that prosocial decision-making items had low difficulty, meaning that even low-risk youths endorsed them. Overall, OYAS-DIS provides the most information for low- to high-risk youths, but additional items should be created to examine prosocial decision-making, as these items may be characteristic of justice-involved youths as a group and not an indicator of greater recidivism risk.
{"title":"An Item-Level Examination of a Youth Assessment: Practical Implications of Alternate Measurement and Analytic Procedures","authors":"William T. Miller, Christopher J. Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/24732850.2022.2026856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2022.2026856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To date, research has focused on the scale-level properties of juvenile risk assessments, such as their predictive validity across populations. Although these studies are valuable, they provide little item-level information to inform future developments in assessment strategies. Item-level information, including the difficulty and discrimination parameters of the items that comprise the scale, provides insight into patterns of endorsement across risk levels. The current study examines the item-level characteristics of the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) in a sample of 459 justice-involved youths across a Midwestern state. Using the two-parameter logistic model of Item Response Theory, discrimination and difficulty parameters were estimated for each item that comprises the OYAS-DIS. A test information curve was also examined to determine the levels at which the OYAS-DIS provides the most information. Results indicated that prosocial decision-making items had low difficulty, meaning that even low-risk youths endorsed them. Overall, OYAS-DIS provides the most information for low- to high-risk youths, but additional items should be created to examine prosocial decision-making, as these items may be characteristic of justice-involved youths as a group and not an indicator of greater recidivism risk.","PeriodicalId":15806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90702991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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