Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6457923
K. Ooi, P. Bai, H. Chu, L. Ang
The insulator-metal transition (IMT) property of vanadium dioxide provides a large, abrupt change in refractive index, making it a good candidate active material for optical modulators. We show, in this paper, that plasmonic modulators can leverage the high modulation contrast of vanadium dioxide, while at the same time solve the problems of high insertion loss and high phase-transition electric-field threshold faced by vanadium dioxide photonic modulators. Our simulation results show that vanadium dioxide plasmonic slot and hybrid-slot waveguide modulators can achieve extinction ratios in excess of 10dB/μm with insertion losses as low as 2dB/μm. We also show that vanadium dioxide can be used to build plasmonic ring modulators. These high performance modulators are foundations to realizing plasmonic nanocircuits for next-generation chip technology.
{"title":"Vandium dioxide active plasmonics","authors":"K. Ooi, P. Bai, H. Chu, L. Ang","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6457923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6457923","url":null,"abstract":"The insulator-metal transition (IMT) property of vanadium dioxide provides a large, abrupt change in refractive index, making it a good candidate active material for optical modulators. We show, in this paper, that plasmonic modulators can leverage the high modulation contrast of vanadium dioxide, while at the same time solve the problems of high insertion loss and high phase-transition electric-field threshold faced by vanadium dioxide photonic modulators. Our simulation results show that vanadium dioxide plasmonic slot and hybrid-slot waveguide modulators can achieve extinction ratios in excess of 10dB/μm with insertion losses as low as 2dB/μm. We also show that vanadium dioxide can be used to build plasmonic ring modulators. These high performance modulators are foundations to realizing plasmonic nanocircuits for next-generation chip technology.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114483674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6458051
Wenna Wang, Dawei Zhang, Qi Wang, Chuanxian Tao, Zheng-ji Ni, S. Zhuang, T. Mei, Daohua Zhang
ZAO thin films with low surface roughness and low sheet resistance are required in the touch panels and display panels. In this work, we investigated the substrate cooling effect of ion beam post treatment on ZAO films properties, and one new way of obtain low surface roughness and low sheet resistance same time was proposed. The more exciting find of this paper is that, comparing to the samples without cooling during the process of ion beam post treatment, samples with proper cooling voltage show a sheet resistance decrease of 26% (from 11.9 Ω/□ to 8.8 Ω/□) and a roughness decrease of 35.5% (from 13.389 nm to 8.637 nm) without transparency losing. And the viewpoint that substrate cooling has the effect of weakening the crystallization, especially for the sub-face and internal parts of samples is deduced.
{"title":"The substrate cooling effect of ion beam post treatment on ZAO films properties","authors":"Wenna Wang, Dawei Zhang, Qi Wang, Chuanxian Tao, Zheng-ji Ni, S. Zhuang, T. Mei, Daohua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6458051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6458051","url":null,"abstract":"ZAO thin films with low surface roughness and low sheet resistance are required in the touch panels and display panels. In this work, we investigated the substrate cooling effect of ion beam post treatment on ZAO films properties, and one new way of obtain low surface roughness and low sheet resistance same time was proposed. The more exciting find of this paper is that, comparing to the samples without cooling during the process of ion beam post treatment, samples with proper cooling voltage show a sheet resistance decrease of 26% (from 11.9 Ω/□ to 8.8 Ω/□) and a roughness decrease of 35.5% (from 13.389 nm to 8.637 nm) without transparency losing. And the viewpoint that substrate cooling has the effect of weakening the crystallization, especially for the sub-face and internal parts of samples is deduced.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132129976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6458026
D. Nguyen, T. Muramatsu, A. Morimoto
A new method to generate femtosecond optical pulses by an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is presented. The fiber ring laser is operated by an optical intensity modulator and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The optical intensity modulator is driven by an electrical pulse generator, which produces a nanosecond open-time window for the mode-locked fiber ring laser. The mode-locking generates the ultrashort optical pulses with duration of about 420 fs and repetition rate of 9.188 MHz.
{"title":"Generation of femtosecond pulses using actively mode-locked fiber ring laser","authors":"D. Nguyen, T. Muramatsu, A. Morimoto","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6458026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6458026","url":null,"abstract":"A new method to generate femtosecond optical pulses by an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is presented. The fiber ring laser is operated by an optical intensity modulator and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The optical intensity modulator is driven by an electrical pulse generator, which produces a nanosecond open-time window for the mode-locked fiber ring laser. The mode-locking generates the ultrashort optical pulses with duration of about 420 fs and repetition rate of 9.188 MHz.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128238746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6458056
J. Syamprasad, J. Xavier, J. Joseph
The two oft-used techniques of photonic crystal fabrication namely holographic lithography and direct laser writing have been combined to generate hexagonal photonic crystal lattice with a chiral basis having an extrinsic defect etched into it. The presented results show the realization of possible building blocks which could be tailored as polarization specific optical devices for photonic integrated circuits.
{"title":"Photonic chiral structures with defects","authors":"J. Syamprasad, J. Xavier, J. Joseph","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6458056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6458056","url":null,"abstract":"The two oft-used techniques of photonic crystal fabrication namely holographic lithography and direct laser writing have been combined to generate hexagonal photonic crystal lattice with a chiral basis having an extrinsic defect etched into it. The presented results show the realization of possible building blocks which could be tailored as polarization specific optical devices for photonic integrated circuits.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128262170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6458126
Jie Li, Xiang Shen, Lipeng Sun, B. Guan
We demonstrate a microfiber FP sensor that is manufactured directly in the micro-size fiber by the use of a 193nm-excimer-laser exposure. The spectral characteristics and the wavelength dependency on the external strain, temperature, and refractive index are investigated. The research results are useful for future applications of the devices.
{"title":"Microfiber Fabry-Perot sensors inscribed by 193nm excimer laser","authors":"Jie Li, Xiang Shen, Lipeng Sun, B. Guan","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6458126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6458126","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a microfiber FP sensor that is manufactured directly in the micro-size fiber by the use of a 193nm-excimer-laser exposure. The spectral characteristics and the wavelength dependency on the external strain, temperature, and refractive index are investigated. The research results are useful for future applications of the devices.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6457958
Meng Zhang, W. Yuan, Xia Yu, P. Shum
In this paper, we report on a novel hollow metallic fiber (HMF) design that offers low transmission loss for mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength. The fiber is so designed that it has a dielectric and metamaterial double inner-coating, which can efficiently reflect transverse-magnetic (TM) wave. As compared with a normal HMF structure, the double-cladding reduces the mode guiding loss for TM01 mode and fundamental mode by two orders of magnitude in the mid-IR region.
{"title":"Theoretical investigation on low-loss IR-transmitting hollow-core metallic fiber with double-cladding","authors":"Meng Zhang, W. Yuan, Xia Yu, P. Shum","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6457958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6457958","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report on a novel hollow metallic fiber (HMF) design that offers low transmission loss for mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength. The fiber is so designed that it has a dielectric and metamaterial double inner-coating, which can efficiently reflect transverse-magnetic (TM) wave. As compared with a normal HMF structure, the double-cladding reduces the mode guiding loss for TM01 mode and fundamental mode by two orders of magnitude in the mid-IR region.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133536734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6457985
Xiaohui Wang, Zhonghao Ge, G. Hao, P. Gao, Benkang Chang, F. Shi, Hui Guo
We anneal GaN samples in ultra high vacuum system for two times at the same temperature of 710 °C, and activate the sample after each heating by Cs/O. The vacuum level, residual gas, QE, and photocurrents are compared. We find, for the 1st annealing vacuum level line has a shape of “W”, but the 2nd looks like “V”. The residual gases include H2, H2O, N2, and CO2 mainly. Nothing else has been detected significantly. For the 1st annealing, there are two stages the residual gases come out quickly, but nothing comes out until the maximum temperature during the 2nd annealing. Before activation, the photo-current after 2nd heating is higher than the 1st, which shows the stability of GaN. No obvious difference of QE has been found between the two times annealing, and more researches will be done on this topic.
{"title":"Comparison of first and second annealing GaN photocathode","authors":"Xiaohui Wang, Zhonghao Ge, G. Hao, P. Gao, Benkang Chang, F. Shi, Hui Guo","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6457985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6457985","url":null,"abstract":"We anneal GaN samples in ultra high vacuum system for two times at the same temperature of 710 °C, and activate the sample after each heating by Cs/O. The vacuum level, residual gas, QE, and photocurrents are compared. We find, for the 1<sup>st</sup> annealing vacuum level line has a shape of “W”, but the 2<sup>nd</sup> looks like “V”. The residual gases include H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, N<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> mainly. Nothing else has been detected significantly. For the 1<sup>st</sup> annealing, there are two stages the residual gases come out quickly, but nothing comes out until the maximum temperature during the 2<sup>nd</sup> annealing. Before activation, the photo-current after 2<sup>nd</sup> heating is higher than the 1<sup>st</sup>, which shows the stability of GaN. No obvious difference of QE has been found between the two times annealing, and more researches will be done on this topic.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126993282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6457938
Xiaoxiao Jiang, Qiongchan Gu, Jiangtao Lv, Yanjun Liu, G. Si, Hongjun Duan, Zhenhe Ma, Fengwen Wang, J. Teng
Patterning with ion beams at the nanometer scale has found various important applications in optoelectronics and nanofabrication. During the process of focused ion beam milling, many different effects occur simultaneously, including sputtering, material redeposition, and implantation. Based on the powerful and versatile capability of the focused ion beam technique, we propose a novel method to fabricate nanoarms and nanotips in this work. Using a complex milling process, we show it is possible to manufacture nanoarms in metallic materials by etching the sample at different angles. We also demonstrate the fabrication of nanotips with tapered and uniform profiles, respectively. Our approach may open new opportunities for ion-beam based fabrication of a wide range of optical and electronic nanodevices.
{"title":"Fabrication of nanoarms and nanotips via focused ion beam milling","authors":"Xiaoxiao Jiang, Qiongchan Gu, Jiangtao Lv, Yanjun Liu, G. Si, Hongjun Duan, Zhenhe Ma, Fengwen Wang, J. Teng","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6457938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6457938","url":null,"abstract":"Patterning with ion beams at the nanometer scale has found various important applications in optoelectronics and nanofabrication. During the process of focused ion beam milling, many different effects occur simultaneously, including sputtering, material redeposition, and implantation. Based on the powerful and versatile capability of the focused ion beam technique, we propose a novel method to fabricate nanoarms and nanotips in this work. Using a complex milling process, we show it is possible to manufacture nanoarms in metallic materials by etching the sample at different angles. We also demonstrate the fabrication of nanotips with tapered and uniform profiles, respectively. Our approach may open new opportunities for ion-beam based fabrication of a wide range of optical and electronic nanodevices.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116097466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6457962
D. Kharenko, E. Podivilov, S. Babin, A. Apolonski
It is known that dissipative solitons (DS) generated in fiber oscillators lose their stability at cavity lengthening. We report on the experimental realization of the DS oscillator with increased cavity length (L~100 m). Stable operation is achieved in the all-fiber configuration consisting of a short single-mode-fiber (providing mode locking via nonlinear polarization evolution) and a long PM-fiber (providing formation of highly-chirped DSs) parts. We have identified the next limiting effect related to the onset of Raman conversion of the DS spectrum. The maximum output energy obtained with 5.5-μm-core PM-fiber amounts to ~30 nJ in 30-70 ps pulses externally dechirped to 200-300 fs at repetition rate ≥1.7 MHz. At that, the Stokes pulse reaching comparable energy inside the cavity does not break the soliton stability, surprisingly. The obtained results are analyzed using a simple model. Higher DS energy is shown to be possible by means of a PM fiber core enlargement.
{"title":"New effects at cavity lengthening of an all-fiber dissipative-soliton oscillator","authors":"D. Kharenko, E. Podivilov, S. Babin, A. Apolonski","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6457962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6457962","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that dissipative solitons (DS) generated in fiber oscillators lose their stability at cavity lengthening. We report on the experimental realization of the DS oscillator with increased cavity length (L~100 m). Stable operation is achieved in the all-fiber configuration consisting of a short single-mode-fiber (providing mode locking via nonlinear polarization evolution) and a long PM-fiber (providing formation of highly-chirped DSs) parts. We have identified the next limiting effect related to the onset of Raman conversion of the DS spectrum. The maximum output energy obtained with 5.5-μm-core PM-fiber amounts to ~30 nJ in 30-70 ps pulses externally dechirped to 200-300 fs at repetition rate ≥1.7 MHz. At that, the Stokes pulse reaching comparable energy inside the cavity does not break the soliton stability, surprisingly. The obtained results are analyzed using a simple model. Higher DS energy is shown to be possible by means of a PM fiber core enlargement.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123525274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PGC.2012.6458069
Xiaojun Yu, Gaoxi Xiao, T. Cheng
To support multicast applications while improving wavelength capacity utilization in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, dynamic multicast traffic grooming problem has been extensively studied in recent years, and various algorithms using either lightpath or light-tree schemes have been proposed. To the best of our knowledge, however, no systematic comparison has ever been made between the blocking performances of these two different types of schemes. In this paper, we firstly present a brief survey of the various existing algorithms for dynamic multicast traffic grooming, followed by a short discussion on the pros and cons of lightpath and lightp-tree schemes respectively. By conducting extensive numerical simulations, we carefully compare the blocking performances of these two types of schemes. Our study results show that, in most cases, the lightpath-based methods outperform the light-tree based ones, typically with only a slightly higher consumption of O/E/O resources. We provide an explanation to such interesting observations. Effects of the ratio of multicast traffic to overall network traffic and the average number of destinations of each multicast request are also studied.
{"title":"Performance comparisons between lightpath and light-tree schemes in dynamic multicast traffic grooming process","authors":"Xiaojun Yu, Gaoxi Xiao, T. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/PGC.2012.6458069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PGC.2012.6458069","url":null,"abstract":"To support multicast applications while improving wavelength capacity utilization in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, dynamic multicast traffic grooming problem has been extensively studied in recent years, and various algorithms using either lightpath or light-tree schemes have been proposed. To the best of our knowledge, however, no systematic comparison has ever been made between the blocking performances of these two different types of schemes. In this paper, we firstly present a brief survey of the various existing algorithms for dynamic multicast traffic grooming, followed by a short discussion on the pros and cons of lightpath and lightp-tree schemes respectively. By conducting extensive numerical simulations, we carefully compare the blocking performances of these two types of schemes. Our study results show that, in most cases, the lightpath-based methods outperform the light-tree based ones, typically with only a slightly higher consumption of O/E/O resources. We provide an explanation to such interesting observations. Effects of the ratio of multicast traffic to overall network traffic and the average number of destinations of each multicast request are also studied.","PeriodicalId":158783,"journal":{"name":"2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123869925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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