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Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa最新文献

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The context of political life 政治生活的背景
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-2
Sean Yom
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引用次数: 0
Political dynamics in the MENA region 中东和北非地区的政治动态
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-1
Sean Yom
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引用次数: 1
Republic of Turkey 土耳其共和国
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-14
Kristin E. Fabbe
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引用次数: 0
Republic of Lebanon 黎巴嫩共和国
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-11
Imad Salamey
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引用次数: 1
Gulf states 海湾国家
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-17
J. Crystal
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引用次数: 0
Islamic Republic of Iran 伊朗伊斯兰共和国
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-16
Saeid Golkar
Health system: finance (2014) General government expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure 17.5 Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of total health expenditure 35.0 Per capita total health expenditure at exchange rate (US$) 295 Health system: selected coverage interventions Antenatal care visits (4+ visits) (2015) 96.3 Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (2017) 99.0 Treatment success rate of new bacteriologically confirmed TB cases (2016) 86.0 DTP3-containing vaccine / Pentavalent coverage group among children under 1 year of age group (2017) 99.0
卫生系统:财政(2014年)政府一般卫生支出占政府一般支出的百分比17.5自费支出占卫生总支出的百分比35.0按汇率计算的人均卫生总支出(美元)295选择覆盖率干预措施产前保健就诊(4次以上)(2015年)96.3 1岁儿童麻疹免疫覆盖率(2017年)99.0新细菌学确诊结核病病例治疗成功率(2016年)86.0 1岁以下儿童含百白破疫苗/五价疫苗覆盖率组(2017年)99.0
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引用次数: 0
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 约旦哈希姆王国
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.4324/9780429424908-12
A. Bank
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引用次数: 1
Republic of Tunisia 突尼斯共和国
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.4324/9780429494482-16
Lindsay J. Benstead
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引用次数: 0
Kingdom of Morocco 摩洛哥王国
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.4324/9780429494482-18
Gregory White
1. We understand and agree that, for purposes of Section 6.01 of the General Conditions, the Member Country is required by the Bank to report "long-term external debt" (as defined in the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System Manual, dated January 2000 (DRSM)), in accordance with the DRSM, and in particular, to notify the Bank of new "loan commitments" (as defined in the DRSM) not later than 30 days after the end of the quarter during which the debt is incurred, and to notify the Bank of "transactions under loans" (as defined in the DRSM) once a year, not later than March 31 of the year following the year covered by the report.
本专栏的内容反映了作者的观点,作者对本文所提供数据的事实和准确性负责。内容不一定反映美国摄影测量与遥感学会和/或新奥尔良大学的官方观点或政策。罗马的毛里塔尼亚省在公元7世纪被穆斯林入侵,导致在9世纪建立了现在的摩洛哥作为一个独立的王国。随后的几个世纪里,葡萄牙人、英国人、西班牙人和法国人先后占领了这里。1912年,两个受保护国建立:法属摩洛哥位于大西洋沿岸,包括现在国家的大部分地区;西属摩洛哥位于地中海沿岸。近年来,该王国吞并了前西班牙撒哈拉的大部分地区。整个国家的大地测量史是西班牙和法国影响的结合。摩洛哥的坐标系统是世界上最难理解和最不寻常的。西班牙摩洛哥的一级边界三角测量是由马德里灾难研究所Geográfico在1923-1929年测量的。它完全由一个子午弧组成,最初参考了斯特鲁夫椭球面上的马德里基准面。这是在1923年的Beni Meyimel gauss - kr<e:1>格横向墨卡托网格上进行的局部计算,该网格在20世纪50年代末调整为1950年的欧洲基准。ED50的贝尼·梅梅尔站位于:北纬35°45 ' 34.223 ",西经5°41 ' 09.5168 "。Puerto de Tánger(丹吉尔港)当地的西班牙网格原点是Faro(灯塔)de Malabata,在那里:fo =北纬35°48 ' 47.7 ",lo =西经5°44 ' 57.0 "。这两个网格的起源都不是假的。同样的三角弧线,后来又完全重新计算了一下,以前西班牙摩洛哥的同名首都,即1929年的tsamtouan基准线为例:Fo =北纬35°35 ' 41.493 ",Lo =西经5°19 ' 19.545 "。tsamtouan西南基地的方位角为:ao = 231°44′50.67”。法属摩洛哥有两种经典的三角测量法。最初的三角测量,即“侦察三角测量”,大约始于1910年,覆盖了美国的大部分地区。它是由参与征服摩洛哥的法国外籍军团部队的地形工程师完成的。为了满足军事需要,这项工作每年进行一次,负责的军官自己计算。误差是累积的,因为最后2或3个主要站点的值被下一个季节的扩展党所接受。这项工作分大约40个不同的部分完成,不象法国过去50年来在邻近的阿尔及利亚所作的努力那样协调得很好。侦察三角测量参考了1921年的阿加迪尔基准面:Fo =北纬30°25′25.0”,Lo =西经9°37′48.06”。它起源于16世纪阿加迪尔港一座清真寺的尖塔。Signaux de Founti的太阳方位角为:ao = 109°19 ' 36 "。随后的北极星观测(2点)没有被采用。法国北非椭球波恩投影被用于侦察三角测量,这个网格继续影响着北非的测绘系统。为了达到毫米精度,必须从方程的级数形式对这些网格坐标进行适当的计算。那些建议普遍使用具有等效等二次半径和纬度的球面公式的文本是错误的!原点纬度(fo) =北纬35°06分,从巴黎出发的中子午线(lo)等于格林威治西经2°20分13.95分。假原点在伊斯廷斯和诺斯特都是100公里。几十年来,这个网格一直困扰着制图新手(以及许多“老专业人士”)。更令人困惑的是,这个网格的一些实现没有显示False Origin。这种网格的积极使用在1942年被终止,但它仍然令人困惑,我将在后面解释。第二种类型的法国三角测量开始于1922年,被称为三角测量r<s:1> guliere(规则三角测量)。这项工作完全由从巴黎派往摩洛哥的陆军地理服务处地形旅负责。所有的计算都在巴黎进行。1922年的r<s:1>古利埃基准面是根据默奇1921(卡萨布兰卡南部)天文观测站的原点计算的,在那里:Fo =北纬33°26 ' 59.672 ",Lo =西经7°33 ' 27.295 "。Mohammed El Kebir站的方位角为:ao = 46°52′11.291”(南向),参考椭球为Clarke 1880,其中:a = 6378, 249.145米,1/f = 293.465。在同一时期,为经典三角测量测量的7条基线中,Ber Rechid和Agourai被当地采用作为临时基准点。Ber Rechid 1920基准面定义为:Fo = 33°17′41。 北纬6 ",巴黎西经9°56 ' 02.05 "。北基地到南基地的方位角为:ao = 169°34′15.3”。阿古莱基准面的大地测量学定义似乎丢失了,但它可能存在于拉巴特或巴黎的某个地方。1922年的r<s:1>古利埃基准线(rguliere Datum)的剩余基线包括马拉喀什、格尔夫、塔鲁丹特、邦德尼布和西迪本泽克里(Sidi Ben Zekri),其中“西迪”是阿拉伯语中表示尊敬的术语,类似于“我的主人”。在20世纪50年代,美国陆军地图服务局(AMS)发现,雷姆古利埃经典三角测量法本质上是正确的。兰伯特(部分共形)圆锥投影用于1922年的r<s:1>古利埃基准面,这个网格至今仍使制图师感到困惑。有两个原始区域:对于北区,原点纬度(fo) =北纬33°18 '(或37G,其中100度梯度= 90°),中央子午线(lo) =格林威治以西5°24 ' (6G),原点比例因子(mo) = 0.999625769。对于南区,原点纬度(No) =北纬29°42′,中心子午线(lo) =格林威治西经5°24′,原点比例因子(mo) = 0.999615596。这两个区域的假原点在Eastings是500公里,在Northings是300公里。这个网格使用的公式有着悠久而可怕的历史,可以追溯到19世纪,这是法国人做事的方式。在19世纪,法国是地图投影数学研究的中心。因为投影表的计算是手工进行的,所以所有的公式通常在三次项之后被截断,以忽略当时考虑的无穷级数项,因为这些项太小,不值得额外的努力。例如,兰伯特共形圆锥投影仅用于公式中的三次项
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引用次数: 13
State of Israel 以色列国
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.4324/9780429494482-5
Mira Sucharov, H. Mousavi
The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS) collects and publishes data on traffic volume and road accidents with casualties on non-urban roads. Through the course of 2012, the ICBS GIS sector initiated new ways to present transportation data on non-urban roads – maps on a national scale, showing specific related topics. Throughout the process the databases were reviewed and adapted to enable mapping, resulting in a series of maps describing the geospatial aspects of transportation information. New methods for analyzing data for mapping purposes were introduced and implemented, setting primacy for other possible projects. Key Categories National Mapping, State and Local Government, Transportation.
以色列中央统计局(ICBS)收集和公布非城市道路上的交通量和造成人员伤亡的道路事故数据。2012年期间,ICBS GIS部门开创了在非城市道路上呈现交通数据的新方法——全国范围内的地图,显示特定的相关主题。在整个过程中,对数据库进行了审查和调整,以便绘制地图,从而产生了一系列描述交通信息地理空间方面的地图。为制图目的而分析数据的新方法被引入和实施,为其他可能的项目奠定了首要地位。主要类别国家地图,州和地方政府,交通。
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引用次数: 30
期刊
Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa
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