Journal of Food Lipids最新文献

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF POLYPHENOLS ON MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND DMBA-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS","authors":"BARBARA BOBROWSKA,&nbsp;ANDRZEJ TOKARZ,&nbsp;GRZEGORZ GRYNKIEWICZ,&nbsp;SŁAWOMIR BIALEK,&nbsp;MAGDALENA MATYSIAK,&nbsp;TSERENDEJID BAT-ERDENE","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01135.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01135.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>The correlation between diets supplemented with resveratrol, genistein or quercetin on oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids was examined. Moreover, the rate of formation of changes resulting from carcinogenesis induced by 7,8-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was assessed. The results for the impact of selected polyphenolic compounds on the intensity of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis were also presented. The polyphenols used, namely resveratrol, genistein and quercetin measured by the concentration of selected biomarkers related to their antioxidant properties and the impact of DMBA and fatty acids in rapeseed oil as well as of progression stage of the cancer process, were also significant.</i> </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimation of the impact of selected polyphenolic compounds on the intensity of 7,8-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in rats was examined. Identifying the results of polyphenol activity in selected doses and different suspensions may allow application of these dietary compounds in human cancer prevention or for improvement of pharmacological treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01135.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID POSITIONAL DISTRIBUTION ON THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF MODEL TRIACYLGLYCEROL IN WATER EMULSION","authors":"ZHIPING SHEN,&nbsp;CHAKRA WIJESUNDERA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01132.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01132.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>The effect of the positional distribution of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) within triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules on the oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions was investigated by using a synthetic TAG regio-isomer pair SDS (1,3-dioctadecanoyl-2-[4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoyl] glycerol) and SSD (1,2–dioctadecanoyl-3-[4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoyl] glycerol), where S and D represent stearic acid and DHA, respectively. Oil-in-water emulsions (10%, w/w) of each isomer were subjected to accelerated autoxidation by continuous exposure to air at 50C in the absence of light. Oxidation during the exposure (storage) was monitored by measuring a series of volatile compounds characteristic of DHA oxidation. SSD emulsion oxidized faster than SDS emulsion, showing that DHA is more stable to oxidation when located at the</i> sn<i>-2 position of the TAG compared with the</i> sn<i>-1(3) position. This regio-isomeric effect is similar to that previously reported for bulk oil oxidation.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many of the food products that have been selected for fortification with omega-3 oils such as milk, yoghurt, salad dressings and juices are oil-in-water emulsions. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that the regio-isomeric effects on oxidative stability of docosahexaenoic acid observed for bulk oil also apply to oil-in-water emulsion. Thus, potential exists for enhancing the oxidative stability of omega-3-fortified emulsion foods through modification of triacylglycerol structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01132.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MONITORING THE ADULTERATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL BY SELECTED VEGETABLE OILS USING DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY","authors":"A.M. MARINA,&nbsp;Y.B. CHE MAN,&nbsp;S.A.H. NAZIMAH,&nbsp;I. AMIN","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01131.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01131.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>The crystallization and melting enthalpy of virgin coconut oil adulterated with palm kernel oil (PKO) and soybean oil (SBO) were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry. Virgin coconut oil was spiked separately with PKO and SBO from 2% to 40% (w/w) of adulterant oils. Fatty acids of all oils were determined to complement the differential scanning calorimetry data. The heating curve of SBO-adulterated samples showed the adulteration peak appearing at the lower temperature region at 10% adulteration level. Regression analyses using stepwise multiple linear regression were used to predict the percentage adulterant with</i> R<i>² of 0.9490. PKO-adulterated oils did not show any adulteration peak but demonstrated a gradual decrease in the peak height of the major exothermic peak.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An alternative method for detection of adulteration based on differential scanning calorimetry in virgin coconut oil is presented. Application of differential scanning calorimetry is rapid, does not require sample preparation and does not involve use of solvents or toxic chemicals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01131.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARTIAL HYDROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN OIL BY PHOSPHOLIPASE A1 TO PRODUCE DIACYLGLYCEROL-ENRICHED OIL","authors":"YONG WANG,&nbsp;MOUMING ZHAO,&nbsp;SHIYI OU,&nbsp;KEKE SONG","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01136.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01136.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>Partial hydrolysis of soybean oil catalyzed by phospholipase A₁ (Lecitase Ultra) in a solvent-free system was carried out to produce a diacylglycerol (DAG)-enriched soybean oil. Five reaction parameters of partial hydrolysis were investigated. The upper oil layer of the reaction mixture was molecularly distilled at 150C to yield a DAG-enriched oil with 42.64 (wt%) of DAGs. DAG-enriched oil was distilled a second time at 250C to yield a DAG oil with 78.68 (wt%) of DAGs. The composition of acylglycerols in the DAG-enriched soybean oil was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. The released fatty acids from the partial phospholipase A₁ hydrolysis of soybean oil showed a higher saturated fatty acid content than that of the raw material. Compared with other lipase-catalyzed processes, this new phospholipase A₁ preparation has the advantage of reducing production of monoacylglycerol byproduct.</i> </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are esters of glycerol in which two of the hydroxyl group are esterified with fatty acids. Studies on both animals and humans have shown the beneficial health effects of DAG. DAG is a generally-regarded-as-safe foodstuff by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is approved as a substitution for triacylglycerol in fats and oils in many developed countries. In this work, partial hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase A₁ (Lecitase Ultra) in a solvent-free system was firstly used to produce DAG-enriched soybean oil. Compared with the lipase-catalyzed process, this new phospholipase A₁ showed the advantage of low cost and low byproduct monoacylglycerol production. The new process has a potential application in the commercial production of DAG oil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01136.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERUM HDL CHOLESTEROL WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CHEESE INTAKE IN THE OSLO HEALTH STUDY","authors":"ARNE T. HØSTMARK,&nbsp;ANNA HAUG,&nbsp;SISSEL E. TOMTEN,&nbsp;DAG S. THELLE,&nbsp;ANNHILD MOSDØL","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01134.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01134.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>We have examined the association between cheese intake and serum lipids in the cross-sectional Oslo Health Study (18,770 subjects), using ANOVA and linear regression. In both sexes and in most of four age groups, i.e., young (30 years), middle-aged (40 and 45 years), seniors (59–60) and old (75–76 years), cheese intake was negatively associated with triacylglycerol (TAG) and positively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (</i>P &lt; <i>0.05 for trend). In the whole material, HDL was 1.38 (1.36–1.40), 1.44 (1.42–1.45), 1.50 (1.49–1.51) and 1.57 (1.56–1.58) mmol/L in cheese intake groups 1–4, respectively (i.e., intake 0.5, 2.0, 5.0 or 10.5 times per week). Corresponding values for TAG were: 1.79 (1.73–1.86), 1.67 (1.63–1.71), 1.57 (1.54–1.61) and 1.48 (1.46–1.50) mmol/L. Also in multiple linear regression analysis with several confounding variables the serum HDL versus cheese intake association still prevailed (</i>P = <i>0.001), but the cheese versus TAG association was not significant in the multivariate model.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The finding that cheese intake is positively and independently associated with serum high-density lipoprotein in men and women across a wide age range, and negatively with serum triacylglycerol, raises the question of whether our dietary guidelines might have focused too much on negative effects of saturated fat whereby possible positive effects of cheese may have been overlooked. The results invite new experimental studies on the more comprehensive effects of cheese, butter and milk on blood lipids, apolipoproteins and coagulation factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01134.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BLACK CUMIN SEED (NIGELLA SATIVA LINN.) OIL AND ITS FRACTIONS PROTECT AGAINST BETA AMYLOID PEPTIDE‐INDUCED TOXICITY IN PRIMARY CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS","authors":"N. Ismail, M. Ismail, L. Latiff, M. Mazlan, ABDALBASIT ADAM MARIOD","doi":"10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00137.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00137.X","url":null,"abstract":"The neuroprotective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and its fractions against beta amyloid (Aβ)-induced cell death in primary rat cerebellar granule neurons was investigated. Primary cultures were pretreated for 5 h with NSO and its fractions – hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and water fraction (WF) – before incubating with 10 µM Aβ1-40 for 24 h. Cell viability was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Results of the MTS assay showed that the WF and NSO were significantly protective against cell death induced by 10 µM Aβ1-40 at 1, 10 and 100 µg/mL probably because of antioxidant properties as determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical trapping method. HF and EAF had low DPPH scavenging effect and were only effective at 100 µg/mL. However, NSO and its fractions were weakly protective against cell membrane damage in the LDH assay. NSO and its fractions, especially the WF, may play a role in the prevention of Aβ-induced cell death. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS \u0000 \u0000Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with the toxic effects of beta amyloid (Aβ), a by-product of amyloid precursor protein. Natural products that are able to reduce Aβ-induced neurotoxicity are candidates for preventing as well as for treating this neurodegenerative condition. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa against Aβ toxicity may play a potential role in preventing AD progression.","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00137.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUBACUTE TOXICITY OF MILDLY OXIDIZED INSTANT NOODLES IN MICE","authors":"N. Gotoh, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Reiko Osato, Keiko Inagaki, A. Iwasawa, S. Wada","doi":"10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00136.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00136.X","url":null,"abstract":"A 28-day sub-acute toxicity test using moderately oxidized fats and oils (peroxide value [PV] 85.0–334.7 mEq oxygen/kg) extracted from deteriorated instant noodles was performed in mice to evaluate general toxicity. Toxicity was evaluated by general behavior, survival rate, clinical hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, changes in body weight and histopathologic examination. None of the mice died due to the toxicity of the oxidized fats and oils. Fats and oils oxidized to at least 300 mEq oxygen/kg attenuated weight gain compared with the control mice, but mice fed fats and oils oxidized to less than 150 mEq oxygen/kg gained weight similar to the control mice. Thus, fats and oils oxidized to approximately 300 mEq oxygen/kg induce general toxicity, but are not lethal. In contrast, liver weight and blood cholesterol levels tended to increase in all test oil groups. Thus, body function is affected by even mildly oxidized fats and oils (100 mEq oxygen/kg); hence, ingestion of degraded foods should be avoided. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS \u0000 \u0000Japan had a food poisoning epidemic caused by the degradation of fats and oils in instant noodles about 40 years ago. The peroxide value of the oxidized fats and oils in the degraded noodles ranged from 100 to 1,000 mEq oxygen/kg. According to the detailed investigation of the degraded noodles, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, currently the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Japan, set the standards in the Food Sanitation Law to protect against food poisoning and to control the quality of instant noodles. Recently, there was a movement to set a standard for instant noodles in the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Probably, food standards for other kinds of lipid-containing foods might be prepared in the Codex Alimentarius Commission in the near future. General toxicity tests have so far focused on highly oxidized fats and oils (>400 mEq oxygen/kg) and have not considered the moderately oxidized products (<400 mEq oxygen/kg). Therefore, general toxicity testing on the moderately oxidized fats and oils was carried out, and the results can provide new information when new food standards containing fats and oils are prepared.","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00136.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of carotenoid and flavonoid components in brans of some thai black rice cultivars using supercritical fluid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"M. Nakornriab, Tinakorn Sriseadka, S. Wongpornchai","doi":"10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00135.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00135.X","url":null,"abstract":"A method employing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) was developed and used for quantification of the antioxidants in groups of carotenoids and flavonoids in the bran of four Thai black rice cultivars: Kao Hom Nin BD, Kao Hom Nin BT, Kao Hom Nin BT no. 3 and 1000–11–2–26. Trans-β-carotene, quercetin and isorhamnetin were identified in the crude yellow extracts obtained from SFE using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Their contents in the black rice bran samples were determined using LC-ESI-MS operated in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The response of the mass spectrometric detection in the SIM mode was linear, within the range of 1.00–40.00 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9997), 0.25–2.00 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9987) and 0.25–2.00 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9982); the limit of detection was at 0.10, 0.15 and 0.15 µg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.80 g of rice bran for trans-β-carotene and 0.60 g of rice bran for both quercetin and isorhamnetin. Method precisions in terms of intraday and inter-day coefficients of variation were under 3.67% (relative standard deviation). The accuracy of the method estimated by determination of known concentrations of trans-β-carotene in the certified reference material, Standard Reference Material 3276, was found to range from 92 to 101%. Trans-β-carotene, quercetin and isorhamnetin were present in the bran of all black rice cultivars within the range of 33.60–41, 1.08–2.85 and 0.05–0.83 µg/g, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS \u0000 \u0000Production and accumulation of trans-β-carotene, quercetin and isorhamnetin in the bran of black rice revealed in this study imply that more attention should be paid to the analysis for screening black rice that has high contents of these bioactive phytochemicals, especially those obtained in rice-breeding programs. The developed supercritical fluid extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of β-carotene, quercetin and isorhamnetin in black rice bran samples proved to be selective, precise, linear and sensitive, and can efficiently be employed for such analytical purposes. Additionally, extraction of carotene components by supercritical CO2 prior to LC-MS analysis not only makes the total analysis time much shorter than that of the conventional extraction methods but also eliminates a sample clean-up step, thus offering a clean analytical procedure.","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00135.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE LIPID‐LOWERING EFFECTS OF NICOTINIC ACID AND 2,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZINE IN RATS","authors":"Keisuke Kagami, K. Onda, T. Hirano, K. Oka","doi":"10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00132.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00132.X","url":null,"abstract":"It has been known that nicotinic acid (NA) binds to G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109A or HM74, on adipocytes, resulting in decreasing plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). A drawback of lipid-lowering therapy by NA comes from a rebound phenomenon found in plasma NEFA concentration. The compound 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP), one of the Maillard reaction products, is known to be metabolized in the liver to 5-methylpyrazinoic acid, which binds to GPR109A as well as NA. We have previously reported that 2,5-DMP has an NEFA-lowering effect in rats. Here, we compare the effect of 2,5-DMP with those of NA on the blood concentration of NEFA. The most characteristic feature of NA was found in the rebound phenomenon that was not observed in 2,5-DMP. Co-administration of 2,5-DMP with NA did not show the rebound, resulting in continuous low concentrations of plasma NEFA. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS \u0000 \u0000In this study, we compared the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)-lowering effects of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) and nicotinic acid (NA), which is found in roasted coffee. Administration of NA to rats induced the “NEFA rebound” while 2,5-DMP did not. Furthermore, co-administration of 2,5-DMP with NA did not result in the “NEFA rebound,” giving continuous low concentrations of plasma NEFA. Although the amount of 2,5-DMP in coffee is very low, many kinds of Maillard reaction products such as 2,5-DMP are found in roasted coffee. We also reported that some Maillard reaction products have NEFA-lowering effects. Therefore, we suggest that 2,5-DMP and other Maillard reaction products may be useful to suppress the “NEFA rebound” induced by NA.","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00132.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63564000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUPPLEMENTATION OF LONG CHAIN N‐3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS INCREASES THE UTILIZATION OF LYCOPENE IN CULTURED AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS","authors":"A. Saedisomeolia, L. Wood, M. Garg, P. Gibson, P. Wark","doi":"10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00130.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00130.X","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIncreased content of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) in cellular membranes results in increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Antioxidants such as lycopene prevent lipid peroxidation and oxidative degradation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of LCn-3PUFA supplementation on lycopene levels in cultured airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells (Calu-3) were incubated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lycopene-DHA and lycopene-EPA for 24 h. The fatty acid incorporation into the cells was analyzed using gas chromatography. Intracellular lycopene concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that EPA (10.6%) and DHA (19.5%) were incorporated into Calu-3 cells. It was also found that increased incorporation of DHA (and to a lesser extent EPA) resulted in decreased intracellular lycopene levels. These findings suggest that supplementation with LCn-3PUFA increases the cellular need for antioxidants.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIncreasing the proportion of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) in airway cell membranes leads to increased utilization of a potent antioxidant, lycopene. This increased utilization of lycopene is probably due to the increased susceptibility of LCn-3PUFA to oxidative damage. The interaction between lycopene and LCn-3PUFA has important implications for both in vivo and in vitro models of respiratory diseases and suggests that co-supplementation of antioxidants with LCn-3PUFA is essential to maximize any potential anti-inflammatory effect.","PeriodicalId":15881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1745-4522.2008.00130.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63563676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}