If a discrete time linear system, hereafter called a digital filter, is programmed on a digital computer or realized with digital elements, computational errors due to finite word length are unavoidable. These errors may be subdivided into three classes, namely, the error caused by discretization of the system parameters, the error caused by analog to digital conversion of the input analog signal, and the error caused by roundoff of the results which are needed in further computations. The first type of error results in a fixed deviation in system parameters and is akin to a slightly wrong value of (say) an inductance in an analog filter. We shall not treat this problem here; it has been treated in some detail by Kaiser. The other two sources of error are more complicated but if reasonable simplifying assumptions are made they can be treated by the techniques of linear system noise theory. It is our aim to set up a model of a digital filter which includes these two latter sources of error and, through analysis of the model, to relate the desired system performance to the required length of computer registers.
{"title":"Effects of quantization noise in digital filters","authors":"B. Gold, C. Rader","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464207","url":null,"abstract":"If a discrete time linear system, hereafter called a digital filter, is programmed on a digital computer or realized with digital elements, computational errors due to finite word length are unavoidable. These errors may be subdivided into three classes, namely, the error caused by discretization of the system parameters, the error caused by analog to digital conversion of the input analog signal, and the error caused by roundoff of the results which are needed in further computations. The first type of error results in a fixed deviation in system parameters and is akin to a slightly wrong value of (say) an inductance in an analog filter. We shall not treat this problem here; it has been treated in some detail by Kaiser. The other two sources of error are more complicated but if reasonable simplifying assumptions are made they can be treated by the techniques of linear system noise theory. It is our aim to set up a model of a digital filter which includes these two latter sources of error and, through analysis of the model, to relate the desired system performance to the required length of computer registers.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114200183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this project was to extend the study of the feasibility of automatic TIROS photograph analysis. A specific objective was to arrive at the design specification for a feasibility model of an automatic vortex recognition system.
{"title":"A pattern recognition technique and its application to high-resolution imagery","authors":"R. D. Joseph, S. Viglione","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464235","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this project was to extend the study of the feasibility of automatic TIROS photograph analysis. A specific objective was to arrive at the design specification for a feasibility model of an automatic vortex recognition system.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128687085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The free piston engine principle is one which has intrigued mechanical engineers for decades. Indeed, the original gas engine of Otto and Langden employed a piston assembly which did not contain the now conventional connecting rod and camshaft arrangement and hence may be considered as an early implementation of the free piston principle. Today, however, the free piston principle is normally applied to a highly supercharged two-stroke compression ignition engine in which two opposed reciprocating pistons are used in a diesel cylinder. These pistons do not transmit mechanical energy but instead pneumatic energy is delivered in the form of high-pressure, high-temperature exhaust gas to a separate power turbine to obtain shaft power.
{"title":"Hybrid simulation of a free piston engine","authors":"R. Gagne, E. J. Wright","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464227","url":null,"abstract":"The free piston engine principle is one which has intrigued mechanical engineers for decades. Indeed, the original gas engine of Otto and Langden employed a piston assembly which did not contain the now conventional connecting rod and camshaft arrangement and hence may be considered as an early implementation of the free piston principle. Today, however, the free piston principle is normally applied to a highly supercharged two-stroke compression ignition engine in which two opposed reciprocating pistons are used in a diesel cylinder. These pistons do not transmit mechanical energy but instead pneumatic energy is delivered in the form of high-pressure, high-temperature exhaust gas to a separate power turbine to obtain shaft power.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126103580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a practical philosophy of many industrial advertisers to direct promotional material and product information to customers and prospects on a selective basis. This selectivity entails direction of mail to recipients so that each receives literature in accord with his established needs and interests. Selectivity affords a considerable reduction in material, addressing and postage costs, and insures that the right information is sent to the right person at the right time. In addition to enhancing the personal touch in the process, the likelihood is increased that the recipient will study and retain every mailing sent to him because he recognizes that these are about subjects in which he is likely to have an active interest.
{"title":"Application of computer-based retrieval concepts to a marketing information dissemination system","authors":"James J. Gatto","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464217","url":null,"abstract":"It is a practical philosophy of many industrial advertisers to direct promotional material and product information to customers and prospects on a selective basis. This selectivity entails direction of mail to recipients so that each receives literature in accord with his established needs and interests. Selectivity affords a considerable reduction in material, addressing and postage costs, and insures that the right information is sent to the right person at the right time. In addition to enhancing the personal touch in the process, the likelihood is increased that the recipient will study and retain every mailing sent to him because he recognizes that these are about subjects in which he is likely to have an active interest.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125432001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The basic architecture of the IBM System/360 makes it well suited to processing in a multiprogramming and multiprocessing environment. The Model 67 extends this basic architecture to provide the additional capabilities of an advanced time-sharing system.
IBM System/360的基本体系结构使其非常适合在多道编程和多处理环境中进行处理。67型扩展了这一基本架构，提供了先进分时系统的额外功能。
{"title":"Time-sharing in the IBM system/360: model 67","authors":"Charles T. Gibson","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464190","url":null,"abstract":"The basic architecture of the IBM System/360 makes it well suited to processing in a multiprogramming and multiprocessing environment. The Model 67 extends this basic architecture to provide the additional capabilities of an advanced time-sharing system.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126459045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ADAM is a computer program system built by The MITRE Corporation for use in the MITRE/ESD Systems Design Laboratory as a tool to aid the design and evaluation of data management systems. ADAM operates on the IBM 7030 (STRETCH) computer and has been operational since early 1965.
{"title":"ADAM: a generalized data management system","authors":"Thomas L. Connors","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464204","url":null,"abstract":"ADAM is a computer program system built by The MITRE Corporation for use in the MITRE/ESD Systems Design Laboratory as a tool to aid the design and evaluation of data management systems. ADAM operates on the IBM 7030 (STRETCH) computer and has been operational since early 1965.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127167005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer simulation has been used for some time in the analysis and design of dynamic systems. With recent advancements in computer performance, the field of dynamic simulation---long the exclusive domain of the analog computer---has begun to utilize digital methods. No less than a score of digital simulation programs have appeared since R. G. Selfridge's pioneering effort in 1955; and the number is ever-increasing. These programs offer a convenient method of simulating continuous system dynamics employing well-known and easy-to-use analog computer programming techniques. The common starting point for such simulation is the conventional analog block diagram, and the common approach is the breakdown of the mathematical system model into its component parts or functional blocks. These blocks, having a near one-to-one correspondence with analog computing elements such as integrators, summers, limiters, etc., usually appear as subroutines within the simulator program. Using one of the simulation packages, "programming" involves no more than merely interconnecting the functional blocks by a sequence of connection statements according to the rules laid down by the input language. This interconnecting of blocks is analogous to the wiring of the patchboard on an analog computer. Therefore, these digital-analog simulation programs combine the best features of the analog and digital computers: the flexibility of block connection structure of the former and the accuracy and reliability of the latter.
计算机仿真应用于动态系统的分析和设计已有一段时间。随着计算机性能的进步，动态模拟领域——长期以来是模拟计算机的专有领域——已经开始利用数字方法。自1955年r·g·塞尔弗里奇(R. G. Selfridge)的开创性努力以来，已经出现了不下几十个数字模拟程序;而且这个数字还在不断增加。这些程序提供了一个方便的方法来模拟连续系统动力学采用众所周知的和易于使用的模拟计算机编程技术。这种模拟的常见起点是传统的模拟方框图，而常见的方法是将数学系统模型分解为其组成部分或功能块。这些模块与模拟计算元件(如积分器、夏季、限制器等)具有接近一对一的对应关系，通常作为模拟器程序中的子程序出现。使用其中一个模拟包，“编程”所涉及的只不过是根据输入语言制定的规则，通过一系列连接语句将功能块互连起来。这种块的互连类似于模拟计算机上的配线板的布线。因此，这些数模仿真程序结合了模拟计算机和数字计算机的最佳特点:前者具有块连接结构的灵活性，后者具有精度和可靠性。
{"title":"DSL/90: a digital simulation program for continuous system modeling","authors":"W. M. Syn, R. Linebarger","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464201","url":null,"abstract":"Computer simulation has been used for some time in the analysis and design of dynamic systems. With recent advancements in computer performance, the field of dynamic simulation---long the exclusive domain of the analog computer---has begun to utilize digital methods. No less than a score of digital simulation programs have appeared since R. G. Selfridge's pioneering effort in 1955; and the number is ever-increasing. These programs offer a convenient method of simulating continuous system dynamics employing well-known and easy-to-use analog computer programming techniques. The common starting point for such simulation is the conventional analog block diagram, and the common approach is the breakdown of the mathematical system model into its component parts or functional blocks. These blocks, having a near one-to-one correspondence with analog computing elements such as integrators, summers, limiters, etc., usually appear as subroutines within the simulator program. Using one of the simulation packages, \"programming\" involves no more than merely interconnecting the functional blocks by a sequence of connection statements according to the rules laid down by the input language. This interconnecting of blocks is analogous to the wiring of the patchboard on an analog computer. Therefore, these digital-analog simulation programs combine the best features of the analog and digital computers: the flexibility of block connection structure of the former and the accuracy and reliability of the latter.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114683796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cooley and Tukey have disclosed a procedure for synthesizing and analyzing Fourier series for discrete periodic complex functions. For functions of period N, where N is a power of 2, computation times are proportional to N log2N as expressed in Eq. (0).
{"title":"High-speed convolution and correlation","authors":"T. Stockham","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464209","url":null,"abstract":"Cooley and Tukey have disclosed a procedure for synthesizing and analyzing Fourier series for discrete periodic complex functions. For functions of period <i>N</i>, where <i>N</i> is a power of 2, computation times are proportional to <i>N</i> log<sub>2</sub> <i>N</i> as expressed in Eq. (0).","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127830004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this project was twofold. First, to gain systems and operating experience with a remote terminal, time-sharing system. This would help to define the needs of future time-sharing applications. Second, to achieve productive use of time-sharing in some of IBM's current operations.
{"title":"A business-oriented time-sharing system","authors":"G. Duffy, W. D. Timberlake","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464215","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this project was twofold. First, to gain systems and operating experience with a remote terminal, time-sharing system. This would help to define the needs of future time-sharing applications. Second, to achieve productive use of time-sharing in some of IBM's current operations.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Northwestern Bell Traffic Rating System is a real-time audio response dual computer system which must be on-line continuously. The system allows any Northwestern Bell long-distance operator to interrogate a remotely located computer system for a long-distance toll rate. The 3000 operators are widely scattered over an area covering 10% of the country. The toll message response consists of an amount, plus a word denoting whether the rate is for a "station-to-station" or "person-to-person" call. These conditions are ideal for using audio response for the remote display of information, rather than any of the commonly used hardware terminals.
{"title":"\"Never-fail\" audio response system","authors":"Bruce Dale","doi":"10.1145/1464182.1464216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464182.1464216","url":null,"abstract":"The Northwestern Bell Traffic Rating System is a real-time audio response dual computer system which must be on-line continuously. The system allows any Northwestern Bell long-distance operator to interrogate a remotely located computer system for a long-distance toll rate. The 3000 operators are widely scattered over an area covering 10% of the country. The toll message response consists of an amount, plus a word denoting whether the rate is for a \"station-to-station\" or \"person-to-person\" call. These conditions are ideal for using audio response for the remote display of information, rather than any of the commonly used hardware terminals.","PeriodicalId":158826,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '66 (Spring)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124068794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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