Within a psychiatric inpatient setting, restrictive interventions may be used for managing disturbed behaviors. However, the restrictive practice can be traumatic and may carry risks to patients and staff. Evidence is growing for the use of sensory modulation in mental health, yet in a general adult psychiatric inpatient setting, the effect on reducing distress and restrictive practice is not fully ascertained. An electronic literature search was conducted to identify the impact of sensory modulation as a therapeutic measure to reduce the need for more restrictive interventions. Studies of varying designs were identified, with key relevant outcomes including seclusion events, seclusion duration, patient distress, and staff and patient feedback. Reduction in the percentage of patients needing seclusion, reduced patient distress levels, and favorable feedback from staff and patients were identified. However, conflicting results of seclusion events were demonstrated. The findings from this review are promising for the therapeutic benefits of sensory modulation in adult inpatient settings. Further studies are warranted, particularly to evaluate the multiple static and dynamic environmental factors that may influence restrictive practice in inpatient settings.
{"title":"The effects of sensory modulation on patient's distress and use of restrictive interventions in adult inpatient psychiatric settings: A critical review","authors":"H. Alhaj, Adam Trist","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_52_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"Within a psychiatric inpatient setting, restrictive interventions may be used for managing disturbed behaviors. However, the restrictive practice can be traumatic and may carry risks to patients and staff. Evidence is growing for the use of sensory modulation in mental health, yet in a general adult psychiatric inpatient setting, the effect on reducing distress and restrictive practice is not fully ascertained. An electronic literature search was conducted to identify the impact of sensory modulation as a therapeutic measure to reduce the need for more restrictive interventions. Studies of varying designs were identified, with key relevant outcomes including seclusion events, seclusion duration, patient distress, and staff and patient feedback. Reduction in the percentage of patients needing seclusion, reduced patient distress levels, and favorable feedback from staff and patients were identified. However, conflicting results of seclusion events were demonstrated. The findings from this review are promising for the therapeutic benefits of sensory modulation in adult inpatient settings. Further studies are warranted, particularly to evaluate the multiple static and dynamic environmental factors that may influence restrictive practice in inpatient settings.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122347059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fathiya Abdu Mohamed, Rajesh Gupta, Mohamed Mustafa, Essa Ibrahim Muallemi, Imad Alden Hamad
ABSTRACT Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is a serious but readily treatable form of hepatic infection. It is a tropical disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Although most amoebiasis cases are asymptomatic, dysentery and invasive extraintestinal diseases can occur. ALA is the most common manifestation of invasive amoebiasis; however, other organs can also be involved, including the pleuropulmonary, cardiac, cerebral, renal, genitourinary, peritoneal, and cutaneous sites. In developed countries, amoebiasis primarily affects those who have traveled to or migrated from endemic regions, men who have sex with men, and immunosuppressed or institutionalized individuals. Here, we report a case of a patient with extraintestinal amoebic lesions complicated by chest rupture. A 22yearold male from India presented to the emergency department with a cough, fever, weight loss, hemoptysis, chest pain, and diarrhea. He was diagnosed with a liver abscess that ruptured into the chest with multiloculated pleural effusion.
{"title":"Liver abscess rupture into the chest wall with multi-localized pleural effusion","authors":"Fathiya Abdu Mohamed, Rajesh Gupta, Mohamed Mustafa, Essa Ibrahim Muallemi, Imad Alden Hamad","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_28_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_28_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is a serious but readily treatable form of hepatic infection. It is a tropical disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Although most amoebiasis cases are asymptomatic, dysentery and invasive extraintestinal diseases can occur. ALA is the most common manifestation of invasive amoebiasis; however, other organs can also be involved, including the pleuropulmonary, cardiac, cerebral, renal, genitourinary, peritoneal, and cutaneous sites. In developed countries, amoebiasis primarily affects those who have traveled to or migrated from endemic regions, men who have sex with men, and immunosuppressed or institutionalized individuals. Here, we report a case of a patient with extraintestinal amoebic lesions complicated by chest rupture. A 22yearold male from India presented to the emergency department with a cough, fever, weight loss, hemoptysis, chest pain, and diarrhea. He was diagnosed with a liver abscess that ruptured into the chest with multiloculated pleural effusion.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135214601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Background: Personalization of complete dentures (CDs) may improve their acceptance by patients. This study sought to develop an individualized predictive model for central incisor length in CDs based on the relationship of the incisive papilla with central incisors. Methods: Seventy-three adult participants were included in the study. The vertical distance (VD) and horizontal distance (HD) from the incisive papilla to the central incisor margins and the mean crown heights (CHs) of both central incisors were determined and recorded along with potential confounders. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to develop a best-fit model equation for predicting the CH from the VD and HD. Results: Thirty-seven males and 36 females (mean age: 33.4 ± 7.8 years) participated in the study. The ovoid arch form (61.6%) was the most common, whereas the square-shaped arch form (4.1%) was the least common. The mean CH, HD, and VD were 10.12 ± 1.02 mm, 10.64 ± 1.36 mm, and 8.00 ± 1.19 mm, respectively. Further, 49% of CH variability (Model 1) was explained by HD (β = 0.61, t = 7.02, P < 0.001) and VD (β = 0.29, t = 3.29, P = 0.002). Participant sex (Model 2) explained another 3% CH variability (β =0.18, t = 2.09, P = 0.04). The predictive equation from Model 2 was CH (mm) = 3.28+ (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) +0.37 × participant sex. Conclusion: The central incisor CH can be predicted with 52% accuracy using the equation CH (mm) =3.28 + (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) + 0.37 × participant sex. This finding may aid the fabrication of more individualized dentures.
背景:全口义齿的个性化可以提高患者对其的接受程度。本研究旨在建立一种基于中切牙与尖锐乳头关系的cd患者中切牙长度的个性化预测模型。方法:73名成人被试纳入研究。测定两组中切牙乳头至中切牙缘的垂直距离(VD)和水平距离(HD)，以及两组中切牙的平均冠高(CHs)，并记录可能的混杂因素。进行了双变量和多变量分析，以建立从VD和HD预测CH的最佳拟合模型方程。结果:男性37例，女性36例，平均年龄33.4±7.8岁。最常见的是卵形拱(61.6%)，最不常见的是方形拱(4.1%)。CH、HD和VD的平均值分别为10.12±1.02 mm、10.64±1.36 mm和8.00±1.19 mm。此外，49%的CH变异性(模型1)可以用HD解释(β = 0.61, t = 7.02, P <0.001)和VD (β = 0.29, t = 3.29, P = 0.002)。参与者性别(模型2)解释了另外3%的CH变异(β =0.18, t = 2.09, P = 0.04)。模型2的预测方程为CH (mm) = 3.28+ (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) +0.37 ×参与者性别。结论:用CH (mm) =3.28 + (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) + 0.37 ×受试者性别预测中切牙CH，准确率为52%。这一发现可能有助于制造更个性化的假牙。
{"title":"Predicting central incisor length from the incisive papilla in a multiethnic Northern Nigerian population","authors":"Oluwafeyisayo Francis Ikusika, Tope Emmanuel Adeyemi, Olawale Akeem Sotunde, Chibuzor Emmanuel Igweagu, Chikaodi Odinaka Oguchi, Olusegun Alalade, Patricia Adetokunbo Akeredolu","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_34_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_34_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Personalization of complete dentures (CDs) may improve their acceptance by patients. This study sought to develop an individualized predictive model for central incisor length in CDs based on the relationship of the incisive papilla with central incisors. Methods: Seventy-three adult participants were included in the study. The vertical distance (VD) and horizontal distance (HD) from the incisive papilla to the central incisor margins and the mean crown heights (CHs) of both central incisors were determined and recorded along with potential confounders. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to develop a best-fit model equation for predicting the CH from the VD and HD. Results: Thirty-seven males and 36 females (mean age: 33.4 ± 7.8 years) participated in the study. The ovoid arch form (61.6%) was the most common, whereas the square-shaped arch form (4.1%) was the least common. The mean CH, HD, and VD were 10.12 ± 1.02 mm, 10.64 ± 1.36 mm, and 8.00 ± 1.19 mm, respectively. Further, 49% of CH variability (Model 1) was explained by HD (β = 0.61, t = 7.02, P < 0.001) and VD (β = 0.29, t = 3.29, P = 0.002). Participant sex (Model 2) explained another 3% CH variability (β =0.18, t = 2.09, P = 0.04). The predictive equation from Model 2 was CH (mm) = 3.28+ (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) +0.37 × participant sex. Conclusion: The central incisor CH can be predicted with 52% accuracy using the equation CH (mm) =3.28 + (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) + 0.37 × participant sex. This finding may aid the fabrication of more individualized dentures.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134883429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The purpose of this study was to find the possible correlation among cognitive functions, mood disturbance, and health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was a preliminary cross-sectional survey study carried out on 40 participants diagnosed with T2DM for more than 2 years. The age group ranged between 35 and 55 years. Demographic data were recorded. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, mood disturbance was assessed using the profile of mood states questionnaire and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Euroqol-5d-5l questionnaire. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between cognitive functions and mood disturbance (r = −0.45, P < 0.05), no correlation between cognitive functions and health-related quality of life (examiner scoring) (r = 0.29, P = 0.06), significant weak positive correlation between cognitive functions and health-related quality of life (participant self-score) (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). Significant strong negative correlation between mood disturbance and health-related quality of life (examiner scoring) (r = −0.66, P < 0.001), significant negative correlation between mood disturbance and health-related quality of life (participant self-score) (r = −0.62, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive functions and mood disturbances are important factors that may adversely affect health-related quality of life in people with T2DM. More attention should be given to cognitive function and mood disturbance in people with T2DM to minimize the negative impact of the illness on their health-related quality of life.
背景:本研究的目的是发现2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的认知功能、情绪障碍和健康相关生活质量之间可能存在的相关性。方法:本研究是一项初步的横断面调查研究，对40名诊断为2型糖尿病的参与者进行了2年以上的研究。年龄在35岁到55岁之间。记录人口统计数据。使用Mini-Mental State Examination评估认知功能，使用情绪状态问卷评估情绪障碍，使用Euroqol-5d-5l问卷评估健康相关生活质量。结果:认知功能与心境障碍呈显著负相关(r = - 0.45, P < 0.05)，认知功能与健康相关生活质量(考官评分)无相关(r = 0.29, P = 0.06)，认知功能与健康相关生活质量(参与者自我评分)呈显著弱正相关(r = 0.37, P < 0.05)。心境障碍与健康相关生活质量(考官评分)呈显著强负相关(r = - 0.66, P < 0.001)，心境障碍与健康相关生活质量(参与者自我评分)呈显著负相关(r = - 0.62, P < 0.001)。结论:认知功能和情绪障碍是影响T2DM患者健康相关生活质量的重要因素。应更多地关注T2DM患者的认知功能和情绪障碍，以尽量减少该疾病对其健康相关生活质量的负面影响。
{"title":"Correlation among cognitive functions, mood disturbance, and health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"N. Mohammad, Neha Naaz, N. Khan","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_36_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_36_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to find the possible correlation among cognitive functions, mood disturbance, and health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was a preliminary cross-sectional survey study carried out on 40 participants diagnosed with T2DM for more than 2 years. The age group ranged between 35 and 55 years. Demographic data were recorded. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, mood disturbance was assessed using the profile of mood states questionnaire and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Euroqol-5d-5l questionnaire. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between cognitive functions and mood disturbance (r = −0.45, P < 0.05), no correlation between cognitive functions and health-related quality of life (examiner scoring) (r = 0.29, P = 0.06), significant weak positive correlation between cognitive functions and health-related quality of life (participant self-score) (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). Significant strong negative correlation between mood disturbance and health-related quality of life (examiner scoring) (r = −0.66, P < 0.001), significant negative correlation between mood disturbance and health-related quality of life (participant self-score) (r = −0.62, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive functions and mood disturbances are important factors that may adversely affect health-related quality of life in people with T2DM. More attention should be given to cognitive function and mood disturbance in people with T2DM to minimize the negative impact of the illness on their health-related quality of life.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131899384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in high infection rates, significant morbidity, and postmortality among older adults, resulting in a global burden of COVID-19 survivors’ long-term care. Post-COVID-19 syndrome appears to affect a significant proportion of people who have recovered from acute COVID-19. Fatigue, brain fog, and a lack of smell and/or taste are all common and debilitating symptoms of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Even though many people suffer from smell dysfunction as a symptom of post-COVID-19 syndrome, there has been no definite treatment until now. We bring forward this novel idea to encourage scientists to conduct clinical research to improve the quality of life of most people affected by these symptoms. In addition, some clinical trials have been conducted already by the Ministry of Minea University, Egypt.
{"title":"The co-administration of intranasal insulin and GLP-1RA as targeting drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of post COVID-19 smell and taste dysfunctions and brain fog","authors":"Amr Ahmed, Aml M. Barakat","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_53_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_53_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in high infection rates, significant morbidity, and postmortality among older adults, resulting in a global burden of COVID-19 survivors’ long-term care. Post-COVID-19 syndrome appears to affect a significant proportion of people who have recovered from acute COVID-19. Fatigue, brain fog, and a lack of smell and/or taste are all common and debilitating symptoms of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Even though many people suffer from smell dysfunction as a symptom of post-COVID-19 syndrome, there has been no definite treatment until now. We bring forward this novel idea to encourage scientists to conduct clinical research to improve the quality of life of most people affected by these symptoms. In addition, some clinical trials have been conducted already by the Ministry of Minea University, Egypt.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135211218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balsam Qubais Saeed, Ahmed Omar Adrees, Kubais Saeed Fahady, Rula Al Shahrabi, Zainab Mansour Alkokhardi, Kholod Hussain Haj Hussain, Noor Sarchanar Jamal, Mahmood Haitham Al Awaad
ABSTRACT Background: mRNA technology has been used to manufacture the Pfizer vaccine; however, the side effects of Pfizer–BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among the general population remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential side effects of vaccination and the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted from April 2021 to September 2021 using an online questionnaire to collect data on the side effects after the first and second doses of the vaccine. Participants were classified into the two following groups: Those aged ≤39 and >39 years. Results: The most common side effects following the first dose (≤39 years vs. >39 years) were pain at the vaccination site, fatigue, severe pain at the vaccination site, and fever. Meanwhile, pain at the vaccination site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, and lethargy were the most common side effects following the second dose of vaccination in both groups. Side effects were more common in women at both doses. The most common reactions at first dose were fatigue, fever, tenderness, lethargy, and muscle pain, whereas fever, fatigue, headache, severe injection site pain, muscle pain, and lethargy were common after the second dose. None of the participants required intensive hospitalization; 4.2% of the participants in both age groups visited the clinics for minor management. Conclusion: Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a higher prevalence of local side effects in both sexes and age groups. The sex- and age-based differences warrant further rigorous investigation and standardized methodologies.
{"title":"Potential side effects after first and second doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in the United Arabia Emirates","authors":"Balsam Qubais Saeed, Ahmed Omar Adrees, Kubais Saeed Fahady, Rula Al Shahrabi, Zainab Mansour Alkokhardi, Kholod Hussain Haj Hussain, Noor Sarchanar Jamal, Mahmood Haitham Al Awaad","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: mRNA technology has been used to manufacture the Pfizer vaccine; however, the side effects of Pfizer–BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among the general population remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential side effects of vaccination and the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted from April 2021 to September 2021 using an online questionnaire to collect data on the side effects after the first and second doses of the vaccine. Participants were classified into the two following groups: Those aged ≤39 and >39 years. Results: The most common side effects following the first dose (≤39 years vs. >39 years) were pain at the vaccination site, fatigue, severe pain at the vaccination site, and fever. Meanwhile, pain at the vaccination site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, and lethargy were the most common side effects following the second dose of vaccination in both groups. Side effects were more common in women at both doses. The most common reactions at first dose were fatigue, fever, tenderness, lethargy, and muscle pain, whereas fever, fatigue, headache, severe injection site pain, muscle pain, and lethargy were common after the second dose. None of the participants required intensive hospitalization; 4.2% of the participants in both age groups visited the clinics for minor management. Conclusion: Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a higher prevalence of local side effects in both sexes and age groups. The sex- and age-based differences warrant further rigorous investigation and standardized methodologies.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135214623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in medicine and medical education","authors":"R. Hamoudi","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114647840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) operations is expected to increase dramatically during the coming few decades. Many factors can influence THA outcome including those related to the patient and the operation. In this narrative review, we discuss the effect of patient-related factors (age, gender, socioeconomic status [SES], body mass index, and preoperative health status) on functional outcome measures, quality of life and postoperative complication. We used registry-based studies as the main source of data and found the literature to suggest that old age, female gender, low SES, worse preoperative health status, underweight or class III obesity could reduce the patient functional outcome measures and satisfaction while increasing the risk for intra-and postoperative adverse events as well as postoperative mortality rate. These findings are of value when counseling THA patients, whereby modifiable parameters such as low SES, worse preoperative health status, underweight, or class III obesity can be optimized. Other operation-related factors such as surgical approach, surgeon experience/caseload, choice of prosthetic implant, and fixation method are also important for the THA outcome and therefore should be taken into consideration. However, these factors are not included in this narrative review.
{"title":"Patient-related factors influencing the outcome of primary total hip arthroplasty: Age, gender, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and preoperative health status","authors":"Suha Al-Naimi, Arkan Sam Sayed-Noor","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) operations is expected to increase dramatically during the coming few decades. Many factors can influence THA outcome including those related to the patient and the operation. In this narrative review, we discuss the effect of patient-related factors (age, gender, socioeconomic status [SES], body mass index, and preoperative health status) on functional outcome measures, quality of life and postoperative complication. We used registry-based studies as the main source of data and found the literature to suggest that old age, female gender, low SES, worse preoperative health status, underweight or class III obesity could reduce the patient functional outcome measures and satisfaction while increasing the risk for intra-and postoperative adverse events as well as postoperative mortality rate. These findings are of value when counseling THA patients, whereby modifiable parameters such as low SES, worse preoperative health status, underweight, or class III obesity can be optimized. Other operation-related factors such as surgical approach, surgeon experience/caseload, choice of prosthetic implant, and fixation method are also important for the THA outcome and therefore should be taken into consideration. However, these factors are not included in this narrative review.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134884825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bajbouj, R. Ramakrishnan, Huda Alketbi, L. Sahnoon, J. Shafarin, M. Hachim, R. Olivenstein, Q. Hamid
Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. Asthma is mainly driven by type 2 immune responses, where interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a key role in asthma pathogenesis. KDM4B/JMJD2B is an IL-13-regulated epigenetic modifier in asthmatic airway fibroblasts. Therefore, this study aimed to target KDM4B to potentially alleviate IL-13-mediated fibrosis in asthma. Methods: Bronchial fibroblasts isolated from asthmatic individuals were stimulated with IL-13 and treated with JIB-04, a pan-selective inhibitor of histone demethylase(s). The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) markers was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the binding of KDM4B and H3K36me3 to promoter region of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). KDM4B knockdown was performed to confirm its direct role on TIMP/MMP regulation. Results: JIB-04 inhibited KDM4B activity by reducing the demethylation of its downstream target, H3K36me3, in asthmatic fibroblasts. Inhibition of KDM4B significantly affected the viability of the bronchial fibroblasts at 48 h. KDM4B inhibition was further associated with the downregulation of ECM proteins such as MMP-2, MMP-9, collagen-1, and fibronectin, and upregulation of TIMP-2, at both the gene and protein levels. This was accompanied by the inhibition of IL-13-mediated fibrotic response. JIB-04 further prevented KDM4B association and enhanced H3K36 binding with promoter region of TIMP-2 leading to its increased transcription. KDM4B knockdown further resulted in inducing TIMP-2 expression and inhibited MMP-9 activation. Conclusion: Therapeutic targeting of KDM4B using JIB-04 is a promising candidate to alleviate IL-13-mediated responses in chronic disorders such as asthma.
{"title":"Targeting KDM4B attenuates IL-13-mediated fibrosis in bronchial fibroblasts of severe asthmatics","authors":"K. Bajbouj, R. Ramakrishnan, Huda Alketbi, L. Sahnoon, J. Shafarin, M. Hachim, R. Olivenstein, Q. Hamid","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_42_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_42_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. Asthma is mainly driven by type 2 immune responses, where interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a key role in asthma pathogenesis. KDM4B/JMJD2B is an IL-13-regulated epigenetic modifier in asthmatic airway fibroblasts. Therefore, this study aimed to target KDM4B to potentially alleviate IL-13-mediated fibrosis in asthma. Methods: Bronchial fibroblasts isolated from asthmatic individuals were stimulated with IL-13 and treated with JIB-04, a pan-selective inhibitor of histone demethylase(s). The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) markers was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the binding of KDM4B and H3K36me3 to promoter region of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). KDM4B knockdown was performed to confirm its direct role on TIMP/MMP regulation. Results: JIB-04 inhibited KDM4B activity by reducing the demethylation of its downstream target, H3K36me3, in asthmatic fibroblasts. Inhibition of KDM4B significantly affected the viability of the bronchial fibroblasts at 48 h. KDM4B inhibition was further associated with the downregulation of ECM proteins such as MMP-2, MMP-9, collagen-1, and fibronectin, and upregulation of TIMP-2, at both the gene and protein levels. This was accompanied by the inhibition of IL-13-mediated fibrotic response. JIB-04 further prevented KDM4B association and enhanced H3K36 binding with promoter region of TIMP-2 leading to its increased transcription. KDM4B knockdown further resulted in inducing TIMP-2 expression and inhibited MMP-9 activation. Conclusion: Therapeutic targeting of KDM4B using JIB-04 is a promising candidate to alleviate IL-13-mediated responses in chronic disorders such as asthma.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131256385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. David, W. Elshami, Aisha Alshuweihi, Abdulmunhem Obaideen, B. Issa, S. Shetty
Background: Evaluating the performance of the available machine learning software is fundamental to ensure trustworthiness and improve automated diagnosis. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) system reporting with human readers for portable chest anteroposterior (AP) x-rays acquired patients in a semi-recumbent position. Methods: Ninety-four patients who underwent portable chest AP with clinical suspicion or confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study; among them, 65 were COVID-19 positive and 29 had symptoms. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) Chest was available for 39 patients. Images were read by two radiologists (R1, R2) and AI. In case of disagreement between R1 and R2, a third radiologist (R3) read the images; however, if HRCT Chest was available, we counted HRCT Chest instead of R3. Thus, the gold standard was HRCT or R1 = R2, R1 = R3, or R2 = R3. Results: The sensitivity of the AI system in detecting pleural effusion and consolidation was 100% and 91.3%, respectively. The specificity of the AI system in detecting pleural effusion and lung consolidation was 84% and 61%, respectively. Nevertheless, there is no good agreement between the gold standard and AI in the case of other chest pathologies. Conclusion: Significant moderate agreement with AI and gold standard was shown for pleural effusion and consolidation. There was no significant agreement between the gold standard and AI in the case of the widened mediastinum, collapse, and other pathologies. However, future studies with large sample sizes, multicentric with multiple clinical indications, and radiographic views are recommended.
{"title":"Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of the artificial intelligence system with human readers in the diagnosis of portable chest x-rays during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"L. David, W. Elshami, Aisha Alshuweihi, Abdulmunhem Obaideen, B. Issa, S. Shetty","doi":"10.4103/abhs.abhs_29_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_29_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluating the performance of the available machine learning software is fundamental to ensure trustworthiness and improve automated diagnosis. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) system reporting with human readers for portable chest anteroposterior (AP) x-rays acquired patients in a semi-recumbent position. Methods: Ninety-four patients who underwent portable chest AP with clinical suspicion or confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study; among them, 65 were COVID-19 positive and 29 had symptoms. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) Chest was available for 39 patients. Images were read by two radiologists (R1, R2) and AI. In case of disagreement between R1 and R2, a third radiologist (R3) read the images; however, if HRCT Chest was available, we counted HRCT Chest instead of R3. Thus, the gold standard was HRCT or R1 = R2, R1 = R3, or R2 = R3. Results: The sensitivity of the AI system in detecting pleural effusion and consolidation was 100% and 91.3%, respectively. The specificity of the AI system in detecting pleural effusion and lung consolidation was 84% and 61%, respectively. Nevertheless, there is no good agreement between the gold standard and AI in the case of other chest pathologies. Conclusion: Significant moderate agreement with AI and gold standard was shown for pleural effusion and consolidation. There was no significant agreement between the gold standard and AI in the case of the widened mediastinum, collapse, and other pathologies. However, future studies with large sample sizes, multicentric with multiple clinical indications, and radiographic views are recommended.","PeriodicalId":158834,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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