Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e119311
H. Dathe
na
na
{"title":"Ohl M (2018) Stachel und Staat. Eine leidenschaftliche Naturgeschichte von Bienen, Wespen und Ameisen. Droemer Verlag, München. ISBN 978-3-426-27749-2","authors":"H. Dathe","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e119311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e119311","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>na</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543
U. Irmler
Amongst the material of the Kansas Natural History Museum, ten new species of the genus Lithocharodes Sharp, 1876 and eight new species of the genus Somoleptus Sharp, 1885 were found for the Neotropical Region. These are: Lithocharodes andersonisp. nov., L. dubiasp. nov., L. esmeraldaesp. nov., L. falinisp. nov., L. hansonisp. nov., L. hibbsisp. nov., L. lituratussp. nov., L. montanussp. nov., L. parallelussp. nov. and L. zamoraesp. nov. and from the genus Somoleptus, the species S. alajuelaesp. nov., S. curtioculatussp. nov., S. densicepssp. nov., S. guianensissp. nov., S. luteicornissp. nov., S. paramocolasp. nov., S. puntarenaesp. nov. and S. umicolasp. nov. New records were found for Lithocharodes bicolor (Sharp, 1885), L. curtipennis Irmler, 2021, L. puncticeps Sharp, 1885, L. somoleptoides Irmler, 2021, Somoleptus ashei Irmler, 2022, S. humicola Irmler, 2022, S. longicollis (LeConte, 1863), S. obscurus Sharp, 1885 and S. ovatus Irmler, 2022.
在堪萨斯自然历史博物馆的资料中，发现了新热带地区的 10 个 Lithocharodes Sharp, 1876 属新种和 8 个 Somoleptus Sharp, 1885 属新种。它们是新种：Lithocharodes andersonisp.nov.、L. dubiasp.nov.、L. esmeraldaesp.nov.、L. falinisp.nov.、L. hansonisp.nov.、L. hibbsisp.nov.、L. lituratussp.nov.、L. montanussp.nov、nov.、L. parallelussp.nov.和 L. zamoraesp.nov.，以及来自 Somoleptus 属的物种 S. alajuelaesp.nov.、S. curtioculatussp.nov.、S. densicepssp.nov.、S. guianensissp.nov.、S. luteicornissp.nov.、S. paramocolasp.nov.、S. puntarenaesp.nov.和 S. umicolasp.nov.。L. puncticeps Sharp, 1885, L. somoleptoides Irmler, 2021, Somoleptus ashei Irmler, 2022, S. humicola Irmler, 2022, S. longicollis (LeConte, 1863), S. obscurus Sharp, 1885 and S. ovatus Irmler, 2022.
{"title":"Additions to Neotropical species of the genera Lithocharodes Sharp, 1881 and Somoleptus Sharp, 1881 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)","authors":"U. Irmler","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.74.e114543","url":null,"abstract":"Amongst the material of the Kansas Natural History Museum, ten new species of the genus Lithocharodes Sharp, 1876 and eight new species of the genus Somoleptus Sharp, 1885 were found for the Neotropical Region. These are: Lithocharodes andersonisp. nov., L. dubiasp. nov., L. esmeraldaesp. nov., L. falinisp. nov., L. hansonisp. nov., L. hibbsisp. nov., L. lituratussp. nov., L. montanussp. nov., L. parallelussp. nov. and L. zamoraesp. nov. and from the genus Somoleptus, the species S. alajuelaesp. nov., S. curtioculatussp. nov., S. densicepssp. nov., S. guianensissp. nov., S. luteicornissp. nov., S. paramocolasp. nov., S. puntarenaesp. nov. and S. umicolasp. nov. New records were found for Lithocharodes bicolor (Sharp, 1885), L. curtipennis Irmler, 2021, L. puncticeps Sharp, 1885, L. somoleptoides Irmler, 2021, Somoleptus ashei Irmler, 2022, S. humicola Irmler, 2022, S. longicollis (LeConte, 1863), S. obscurus Sharp, 1885 and S. ovatus Irmler, 2022.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110405
Jessica A. Thomas, P. Frandsen, John C. Morse
Based on a recalibrated BEAST diversification time analysis, we provide a revised chronology for the evolution of major lineages of Trichoptera. Fossil evidence indicates that caddisflies evolved at least by the Norian of Late Triassic (median age 222.6 Ma), compared with our estimate of at least 201.3 Ma. The ancestors of suborders Annulipalpia and Integripalpia also evolved as early as the Norian. Fossil evidence indicates that the ancestor of subterorder Phryganides lived at least by the Aalenian of Middle Jurassic (median age 173.6 Ma), compared with our estimate of at least 174.1 Ma.
{"title":"Revised chronology of Trichoptera evolution","authors":"Jessica A. Thomas, P. Frandsen, John C. Morse","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110405","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a recalibrated BEAST diversification time analysis, we provide a revised chronology for the evolution of major lineages of Trichoptera. Fossil evidence indicates that caddisflies evolved at least by the Norian of Late Triassic (median age 222.6 Ma), compared with our estimate of at least 201.3 Ma. The ancestors of suborders Annulipalpia and Integripalpia also evolved as early as the Norian. Fossil evidence indicates that the ancestor of subterorder Phryganides lived at least by the Aalenian of Middle Jurassic (median age 173.6 Ma), compared with our estimate of at least 174.1 Ma.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"67 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110329
A. Dohet, Sarah Vray, Lionel L’Hoste
In Luxembourg, caddisflies have been systematically collected since the early Sixties. Three periods of exhaustive sampling may be distinguished: the Sixties; 1994 to 2002; and a long period from 2007 to the present time in the frame of the Water Framework Directive. Bearing in mind the uneven sampling procedure across periods, we aim to document changes in community composition and distribution through time including the nature of these changes (e.g. gains and losses of species). We hypothesise different trends of species gains and losses for specialist species in comparison to generalist species. Therefore, we propose a method to identify specialist and generalist species in our dataset. Historical data (1961 to 1968) lack information on precise locations and abundance of specimen collected. Consequently, cell grids of original distribution maps are used to compare caddisfly community assemblages along the three monitoring periods. We assess the changes that occur on presence/absence data in specific groups of species (i.e. cold-adapted, warm-adapted specialists and generalist species). Temporal β-diversity results reveal that survey intervals for each monitoring period are dominated by species losses when the comparison is restricted to cold-adapted species. On the other hand, warm-adapted and generalist species are increasing from the Sixties period when compared to the two next periods (1994–2002 and 2007–2020). However, the comparison of the most recent periods reveals species losses even for the warm-adapted and generalist species. This complex picture of caddisflies species losses and gains in different ways through time, amongst river types and in response to different pressures, is discussed.
{"title":"Changes in caddisflies community composition and distribution along 60 years timespan monitoring in Luxembourg","authors":"A. Dohet, Sarah Vray, Lionel L’Hoste","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110329","url":null,"abstract":"In Luxembourg, caddisflies have been systematically collected since the early Sixties. Three periods of exhaustive sampling may be distinguished: the Sixties; 1994 to 2002; and a long period from 2007 to the present time in the frame of the Water Framework Directive. Bearing in mind the uneven sampling procedure across periods, we aim to document changes in community composition and distribution through time including the nature of these changes (e.g. gains and losses of species). We hypothesise different trends of species gains and losses for specialist species in comparison to generalist species. Therefore, we propose a method to identify specialist and generalist species in our dataset.\u0000 Historical data (1961 to 1968) lack information on precise locations and abundance of specimen collected. Consequently, cell grids of original distribution maps are used to compare caddisfly community assemblages along the three monitoring periods. We assess the changes that occur on presence/absence data in specific groups of species (i.e. cold-adapted, warm-adapted specialists and generalist species).\u0000 Temporal β-diversity results reveal that survey intervals for each monitoring period are dominated by species losses when the comparison is restricted to cold-adapted species. On the other hand, warm-adapted and generalist species are increasing from the Sixties period when compared to the two next periods (1994–2002 and 2007–2020). However, the comparison of the most recent periods reveals species losses even for the warm-adapted and generalist species.\u0000 This complex picture of caddisflies species losses and gains in different ways through time, amongst river types and in response to different pressures, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"10 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109206
Ariane Vieira, Hendrik C. Kuhlmann, J. Waringer, C. Zittra, Simon Vitecek, S. Handschuh
Body morphologies are significantly different amongst the members of the Drusinae subfamily. Aligned with such differences is the selective niche location chosen by many species from the subfamily. Typically, they live on the sediments of cold, well-oxygenated mountain streams from the Eurasian Region. However, each of the three evolutionary lineages (shredders, grazers and carnivorous filter feeders) inhabit different hydraulic locations according to their foraging behaviour. To investigate the relationship between the body morphology and the flow field near the body, we use Large Eddy Simulations to compute the flow past five different species of the subfamily. We selected species representing the three evolutionary lineages of the subfamily, Drusus alpinus Meyer-Dür 1875 from the shredders clade, D. bosnicus Klapálek 1899 and D. monticola McLachlan 1876 from the grazers clade and Cryptothrix nebulicola McLachlan 1867 and D. discolor (Rambur 1842) from the filter feeders clade. For the simulations, three-dimensional body shapes were reconstructed from X-ray micro CT data and exposed to a turbulent flow corresponding to water-depth and velocity data measured in the field. The total forces acting on each morphotype were found to be comparable. The lift coefficients computed and ranging from 0.07 to 0.17 are smaller than the drag coefficients which were found to range from 0.32 to 0.55. The local distribution of the skin-friction indicates flow-separation zones near the edges of the bodies, in particular, between the head and the pronotum, which are differently located according to each species. Moreover, we observe higher streamwise normal stresses upstream of the head of the filter feeder species. It is hypothesised that the upstream horseshoe vortex can lift up drifting food particles and transport these to the larvae’s filtering legs, thereby enhancing the encounter rates of particles with the filtering devices.
Drusinae 亚科各成员的身体形态差异很大。与这些差异相一致的是该亚科许多物种选择的生态位。通常，它们生活在欧亚地区寒冷、氧气充足的山涧沉积物中。然而，根据其觅食行为，三个进化支系（碎食者、食草者和肉食性滤食者）分别栖息在不同的水域。为了研究身体形态与身体附近流场之间的关系，我们利用大涡模拟计算了流经该亚科五个不同物种的水流。我们选择了代表该亚科三个进化支系的物种：碎食者支系的 Drusus alpinus Meyer-Dür 1875、食草者支系的 D. bosnicus Klapálek 1899 和 D. monticola McLachlan 1876，以及滤食者支系的 Cryptothrix nebulicola McLachlan 1867 和 D. discolor (Rambur 1842)。模拟时，根据 X 射线微型 CT 数据重建了三维体形，并将其暴露在与实地测量的水深和流速数据相对应的湍流中。结果发现，作用在每种形态上的总力相当。计算得出的升力系数为 0.07 至 0.17，小于阻力系数 0.32 至 0.55。表皮摩擦力的局部分布表明，在身体边缘附近，特别是在头部和前胸之间，存在分流区。此外，我们还观察到滤食性物种头部上游的流向法向应力较高。据推测，上游的马蹄形漩涡可以卷起漂流的食物颗粒，并将这些颗粒传送到幼虫的过滤腿上，从而提高颗粒与过滤装置的接触率。
{"title":"Hydraulic engineering of Drusinae larvae: head morphologies and their impact on surrounding flow fields","authors":"Ariane Vieira, Hendrik C. Kuhlmann, J. Waringer, C. Zittra, Simon Vitecek, S. Handschuh","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109206","url":null,"abstract":"Body morphologies are significantly different amongst the members of the Drusinae subfamily. Aligned with such differences is the selective niche location chosen by many species from the subfamily. Typically, they live on the sediments of cold, well-oxygenated mountain streams from the Eurasian Region. However, each of the three evolutionary lineages (shredders, grazers and carnivorous filter feeders) inhabit different hydraulic locations according to their foraging behaviour. To investigate the relationship between the body morphology and the flow field near the body, we use Large Eddy Simulations to compute the flow past five different species of the subfamily. We selected species representing the three evolutionary lineages of the subfamily, Drusus alpinus Meyer-Dür 1875 from the shredders clade, D. bosnicus Klapálek 1899 and D. monticola McLachlan 1876 from the grazers clade and Cryptothrix nebulicola McLachlan 1867 and D. discolor (Rambur 1842) from the filter feeders clade. For the simulations, three-dimensional body shapes were reconstructed from X-ray micro CT data and exposed to a turbulent flow corresponding to water-depth and velocity data measured in the field. The total forces acting on each morphotype were found to be comparable. The lift coefficients computed and ranging from 0.07 to 0.17 are smaller than the drag coefficients which were found to range from 0.32 to 0.55. The local distribution of the skin-friction indicates flow-separation zones near the edges of the bodies, in particular, between the head and the pronotum, which are differently located according to each species. Moreover, we observe higher streamwise normal stresses upstream of the head of the filter feeder species. It is hypothesised that the upstream horseshoe vortex can lift up drifting food particles and transport these to the larvae’s filtering legs, thereby enhancing the encounter rates of particles with the filtering devices.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e107780
H. Jacobs
Astata namibiensissp. nov., A. rufoatrasp. nov. and A. tropicanasp. nov. from Namibia are described. An overview and a key to Astata species inhabiting Africa, south of the Sahara, is provided.
{"title":"Astata Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Astatidae) from Africa, south of the Sahara","authors":"H. Jacobs","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e107780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e107780","url":null,"abstract":"Astata namibiensissp. nov., A. rufoatrasp. nov. and A. tropicanasp. nov. from Namibia are described. An overview and a key to Astata species inhabiting Africa, south of the Sahara, is provided.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110394
Megan J. Bishoff, Lang Peng, Hao-ming Zang, John C. Morse
Phragmosis, or the use of specially modified body parts and associated behaviors to block an opening as defense against predators, is a commonly observed phenomenon in certain ants and termites that block entrances of their subterranean nests with large, flat heads. It has been reported in some beetles and other insects and even in some frogs. Common features of phragmosis in caddisfly larvae include a hard and usually flat body surface, with or without stout spines, and the behavior of fitting that body surface tightly in the opening of its case. A different defensive strategy occurs in snails and case-making larvae of camptosomate leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae and Lamprosomatinae) that protect themselves from predators by securing the openings of their shells or cases firmly against the substrate, a behavior we call “cathaptosis.” Common features of cathaptosis in caddisfly larvae include a case with its vulnerable opening oriented parallel with the substrate and accompanied by behavior that grips the substrate, fixing the case opening firmly against it when threatened. We suggest that these defensive strategies have evolved multiple times in Trichoptera, especially in case-making larvae. We demonstrate some examples and provide tentative lists of caddisflies whose larvae may have evolved these defensive strategies.
{"title":"Defensive phragmosis and cathaptosis in Trichoptera larvae","authors":"Megan J. Bishoff, Lang Peng, Hao-ming Zang, John C. Morse","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e110394","url":null,"abstract":"Phragmosis, or the use of specially modified body parts and associated behaviors to block an opening as defense against predators, is a commonly observed phenomenon in certain ants and termites that block entrances of their subterranean nests with large, flat heads. It has been reported in some beetles and other insects and even in some frogs. Common features of phragmosis in caddisfly larvae include a hard and usually flat body surface, with or without stout spines, and the behavior of fitting that body surface tightly in the opening of its case. A different defensive strategy occurs in snails and case-making larvae of camptosomate leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae and Lamprosomatinae) that protect themselves from predators by securing the openings of their shells or cases firmly against the substrate, a behavior we call “cathaptosis.” Common features of cathaptosis in caddisfly larvae include a case with its vulnerable opening oriented parallel with the substrate and accompanied by behavior that grips the substrate, fixing the case opening firmly against it when threatened. We suggest that these defensive strategies have evolved multiple times in Trichoptera, especially in case-making larvae. We demonstrate some examples and provide tentative lists of caddisflies whose larvae may have evolved these defensive strategies.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e115628
Zoltán Varga, L. Ronkay, László Rákosy
We studied the types of sensilla on the pectinated antennae of Ctenoceratoda species (Noctuinae, Hadenini) using scanning electron microscopy. These ultrastructures are described, illustrated and analysed in four distinct species groups of the genus. The group features distinguishing the four lineages of the genus and their taxonomic importance are discussed.
{"title":"Corrigendum: Differentiation in the ultrastructure of pectiniform antennae in species groups of the genus Ctenoceratoda Varga, 1992 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Contributions to Entomology 73(1): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e104072","authors":"Zoltán Varga, L. Ronkay, László Rákosy","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e115628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e115628","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the types of sensilla on the pectinated antennae of Ctenoceratoda species (Noctuinae, Hadenini) using scanning electron microscopy. These ultrastructures are described, illustrated and analysed in four distinct species groups of the genus. The group features distinguishing the four lineages of the genus and their taxonomic importance are discussed.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109944
Goro Kimura, Yoshitsugu Isumi, Hideo Shirai
The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin targets lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran pests. Despite their close taxonomic relationship to Lepidoptera, few studies have examined the hazard of Bt toxins on Trichoptera. We performed laboratory exposure tests to examine the effects of Bt var. aizawai on filter-feeding caddisflies, particularly Stenopsyche marmorata. In the continuous exposure test, the mortalities ranged from 0% at 1 mg/l to 100% at 20 mg/l 24 hours after exposure to Bta. The mortality at each concentration increased from 24 to 48 hours. In limited contact, mortality increased with contact time. Acclimatisation and water quality also affected larval mortality. Our results suggest that higher concentration and longer exposure to Bta affect or affect the increase of larval mortality.
{"title":"Effect of Bt toxin on net-spinning caddisfly Stenopsyche marmorata (Trichoptera, Stenopsychidae)","authors":"Goro Kimura, Yoshitsugu Isumi, Hideo Shirai","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109944","url":null,"abstract":"The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin targets lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran pests. Despite their close taxonomic relationship to Lepidoptera, few studies have examined the hazard of Bt toxins on Trichoptera. We performed laboratory exposure tests to examine the effects of Bt var. aizawai on filter-feeding caddisflies, particularly Stenopsyche marmorata. In the continuous exposure test, the mortalities ranged from 0% at 1 mg/l to 100% at 20 mg/l 24 hours after exposure to Bta. The mortality at each concentration increased from 24 to 48 hours. In limited contact, mortality increased with contact time. Acclimatisation and water quality also affected larval mortality. Our results suggest that higher concentration and longer exposure to Bta affect or affect the increase of larval mortality.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109843
Ryoichi B. Kuranishi, Ryo Sato, Masashi Murakami
We collected seven fixed pairs of Rhyacophila lezeyi during mating copulation and observed four different states of copulation. We investigated the underlying mechanism for the variations in the morphology of each copulating device, based on the copulation state. Notably, the male anal sclerites underwent considerable changes from the early stages of copulation. Initially, the female segment VIII approached the male anal sclerites, which were pushed downwards by the female VIII and IX segments, extending from IX. With the progression of mating stage, the distended end of the female’s segment VIII covered the anal sclerites, pushing them further down. The male parameres were initially folded in bellows-like shapes under the aedeagus before copulation initiation. However, as the copulation stage advanced, they extended to about 3.2 times of their original length. Distended ends of both parameres adhered to the position of the spiracles at the anterior margin of the lateral part of the female’s VII abdominal sternite. The attachment site was the external surface of the hair bulb of the male parameres. During the middle stage of copulation, movements involving the opening and closing of the male gonopods started. The gonoslylus made strong contact with the female’s abdominal segment VIII, resulting in the deformation of segment VIII due to the contact pressure.
{"title":"Functional morphology of the genitalia of Rhyacophila lezeyi Navas, 1933 (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae)","authors":"Ryoichi B. Kuranishi, Ryo Sato, Masashi Murakami","doi":"10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109843","url":null,"abstract":"We collected seven fixed pairs of Rhyacophila lezeyi during mating copulation and observed four different states of copulation. We investigated the underlying mechanism for the variations in the morphology of each copulating device, based on the copulation state. Notably, the male anal sclerites underwent considerable changes from the early stages of copulation. Initially, the female segment VIII approached the male anal sclerites, which were pushed downwards by the female VIII and IX segments, extending from IX. With the progression of mating stage, the distended end of the female’s segment VIII covered the anal sclerites, pushing them further down. The male parameres were initially folded in bellows-like shapes under the aedeagus before copulation initiation. However, as the copulation stage advanced, they extended to about 3.2 times of their original length. Distended ends of both parameres adhered to the position of the spiracles at the anterior margin of the lateral part of the female’s VII abdominal sternite. The attachment site was the external surface of the hair bulb of the male parameres. During the middle stage of copulation, movements involving the opening and closing of the male gonopods started. The gonoslylus made strong contact with the female’s abdominal segment VIII, resulting in the deformation of segment VIII due to the contact pressure.","PeriodicalId":159117,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Entomology","volume":"215 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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