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The Engagement of Beneficiaries in Farm Governance of Restituted Land through the Communal Property Association Model: The Ideal Versus the Reality of Beneficiary Farms in South Africa 通过公有财产协会模式受益人参与恢复土地的农场治理:南非受益农场的理想与现实
Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/5968
M. Sebola, M. Mamabolo
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the engagement of farm beneficiaries in South Africa in the governance of restituted farms through communal property associations. The South African government has already spent millions of rands on land restitution to correct the imbalance of the past with regard to farm ownership by the African communities. Various methods of farm management to benefit the African society have been proposed, however, with little recorded success. This article argues that the South African post-apartheid government was so overwhelmed by political victory in 1994 that they introduced ambitious land reform policies that were based on ideal thinking rather than on a pragmatic approach to the South African situation. We used qualitative research methods to argue that the engagement of farm beneficiaries in farm management and governance through communal property associations is failing dismally. We conclude that a revisit of the communal property associations model is required in order to strengthen the position of beneficiaries and promote access to land by African communities for future benefit.
本文的目的是评估南非农场受益人通过公共财产协会参与恢复农场治理的情况。南非政府已经花费了数百万兰特用于土地归还,以纠正过去非洲社区在农场所有权方面的不平衡。然而,人们提出了各种有益于非洲社会的农场管理方法,但鲜有成功的记录。本文认为,南非后种族隔离政府被1994年的政治胜利所压倒,以至于他们推出了雄心勃勃的土地改革政策,这些政策是基于理想的思维,而不是基于对南非局势的务实态度。我们使用定性研究方法证明,通过公共财产协会参与农场管理和治理的农场受益人正在严重失败。我们的结论是,需要重新审视公共财产协会模式,以加强受益者的地位,并促进非洲社区获得土地,以实现未来的利益。
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引用次数: 1
“Sangomas Are after People’s Money”: Family and Community Discourses around the South African Youth “医师追求人民的金钱”:南非青年的家庭与社区话语
Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/6285
Tony Nyundu
In 2012, Bishop Joe Seoka of the Anglican Church in South Africa, and former president of the South African Council of Churches (SACC), dismissed claims that young people in Marikana (where 34 mineworkers were massacred by the South African police during a protest for better wages on August 16, 2012) used muthi (traditional medicine provided by sangoma/inyanga) to protect themselves against bullets—reasoning that they were too well educated to believe such. His contention provoked social observers, who further raised questions not only on the views of the educated and non-educated towards traditional belief systems, but on how sangomas are talked about in families and across communities. This study looked at whether young people in Chiawelo, Soweto, think sangomas are helpful within their community or not. In addition, it looked at whether young people think or believe sangomas can improve or depreciate the lives of community members (expressly during sicknesses). Findings in the literature suggest that socialisation helps shape young people’s views and expressions towards traditional healers within their families and communities. Through in-depth interviews with 11 young men and four key informants in Chiawelo, a site in Soweto (South Africa), evidence about different types of socialisation and its influence on young men’s lives is drawn out in this article. The study suggests that although both primary and secondary socialisation helped shape young people’s views towards traditional healers, observation and interpretation often dictate in the way young men in Chiawelo view traditional healers. The study contests “socialisation” and “habitus” as theoretical frameworks.
2012年,南非圣公会主教、南非教会理事会(SACC)前主席Joe Seoka驳斥了Marikana(2012年8月16日,34名矿工在要求提高工资的抗议活动中被南非警察屠杀)的年轻人使用muthi (sangoma/inyanga提供的传统药物)来保护自己免受子弹伤害的说法,理由是他们受过良好的教育,不会相信这种说法。他的观点引起了社会观察家的注意,他们进一步提出了问题,不仅是关于受过教育和没有受过教育的人对传统信仰体系的看法,还包括在家庭和社区中如何谈论sangomas。这项研究调查了索韦托基亚韦洛的年轻人是否认为sangomas对他们的社区有帮助。此外,它还研究了年轻人是否认为或相信sangomas可以改善或贬低社区成员的生活(特别是在生病期间)。文献中的发现表明,社会化有助于塑造年轻人在家庭和社区中对传统治疗师的看法和表达。本文通过对南非索韦托(Soweto)基亚韦洛(Chiawelo)的11名年轻人和4名关键线人的深入采访,得出了有关不同类型的社会化及其对年轻人生活影响的证据。这项研究表明,虽然初级和二级社会化都有助于塑造年轻人对传统治疗师的看法,但观察和解释往往决定了Chiawelo的年轻人对传统治疗师的看法。该研究对“社会化”和“习惯”作为理论框架提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of the State of Ethics in Youth Work Practice in Jamaica, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom 牙买加、澳大利亚、新西兰和英国青年工作实践中的伦理状况比较研究
Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/2069
Cleopatra Monique Parkins
Even though youth work has played a critical role in fostering the holistic development of today’s youth, much controversy has surrounded the practice. Nevertheless, youth workers are slowly being accorded professional status, and a code of ethics has been developed in some jurisdictions. Some states are still to adopt this code; consequently the credibility of youth workers and the sector in general sway with the wind. This article presents a comparative analysis of ethical practices of youth work in Jamaica, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, examining current trends in observing ethics and addressing ethical issues. In the case of Jamaica, the researcher used the non-probability convenience sampling technique and collected primary data from a questionnaire administered to a sample of youth workers. The perspective of the ministerial arm responsible for youth work in Jamaica was also captured through an interview. In the case of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the framework of the profession and specifically matters pertaining to ethical practices were examined through the use of secondary data sources, which included reports on youth work practices in the selected countries. A mixed methodology was employed in analysing the data collected. The major findings of this study confirmed that advancing youth work as a profession is dependent on the acceptance and integration of a formal code of ethics, that youth workers must receive training on ethics and that a national youth work policy is important to guide youth work practice. In accordance with the findings, the researcher makes a number of recommendations and highlights notable best practices that may help with the overall professionalisation of the sector.
尽管青年工作在促进当今青年的全面发展方面发挥了关键作用,但围绕这一做法仍存在许多争议。然而,青年工作人员正在慢慢获得专业地位,在一些司法管辖区制订了道德守则。一些州仍将采用这一准则;因此,青年工人和整个部门的信誉随风摇摆。本文对牙买加、澳大利亚、新西兰和英国青年工作的道德实践进行了比较分析,研究了当前观察道德和解决道德问题的趋势。在牙买加的情况下,研究人员使用了非概率方便抽样技术,并收集了主要数据,从问卷管理的青年工人的样本。通过一次采访,还了解了牙买加负责青年工作的部级部门的观点。就澳大利亚、新西兰和联合王国而言,通过使用二手数据来源,其中包括关于选定国家青年工作做法的报告,审查了该专业的框架,特别是与道德做法有关的事项。在分析收集到的数据时采用了混合方法。本研究的主要结果证实,推动青年工作作为一种职业取决于接受和整合正式的道德规范,青年工作者必须接受道德培训,国家青年工作政策对指导青年工作实践很重要。根据调查结果,研究人员提出了一些建议,并强调了一些值得注意的最佳做法,这些做法可能有助于该部门的整体专业化。
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引用次数: 0
Charting the Mode for Community Participation in Service Delivery 规划社区参与服务提供的模式
Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/4320
Olayemi Bakre, N. Dorasamy
Poor service delivery has always been considered a legacy of the apartheid era. However, 25 years into democracy, many local municipalities are still battling with service delivery backlogs. These backlogs are often attributed to, for example, dysfunctional ward committees, corruption amongst councillors, exclusion of community members in the planning process, failure to prioritise community needs, and institutional capacity issues. These challenges have undermined municipalities’ provision of quality service delivery and have precipitated service delivery protests. This article argues that community participation, which has been identified as a factor that can mitigate the aforementioned challenges, can be pivotal in the provision of effective and efficient services by municipalities. The relationship between community inclusion and service delivery outcomes is not simplistic, but depend upon a combination of proactive and highly skilled leaders and a cooperative and supportive populace. In this article, we identify the modes for successful participation and also the consequences of community exclusion through textual analysis of pertinent sources. We argue that such participation can only be successful and sustainable if it is reinforced by support from local government in the form of community training and capacity development workshops to exchange and instil new ideas as well as by resource allocation.
糟糕的服务提供一直被认为是种族隔离时代的遗产。然而,在实行民主25年之后,许多地方政府仍在与服务交付积压的问题作斗争。这些积压通常是由于,例如,功能失调的区委员会,议员腐败,在规划过程中排斥社区成员,未能优先考虑社区需求,以及机构能力问题。这些挑战破坏了市政当局提供优质服务的能力,并引发了对提供服务的抗议。本文认为,社区参与已被确定为可以减轻上述挑战的一个因素,在市政当局提供有效和高效的服务方面可以发挥关键作用。社区包容和服务提供结果之间的关系不是简单的,而是取决于积极主动和高技能的领导者与合作和支持的民众的结合。在本文中,我们通过对相关来源的文本分析,确定了成功参与的模式以及社区排斥的后果。我们认为,只有通过地方政府以社区培训和能力发展讲习班的形式提供支持,以交流和灌输新思想,以及通过资源分配,才能加强这种参与,这种参与才能成功和可持续。
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引用次数: 1
Rural Poverty, Participation and Poverty-Reduction Strategies in Nigeria 尼日利亚农村贫困、参与和减贫战略
Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/2409
R. Akindola, Christopher Ehinomen
Despite Nigeria’s abundant oil, gas and other natural resources, the experience of the majority of its population in rural areas has been, and still is, one of abject poverty. Nigerians remain poor because of the failure of successive governments to manage the country’s enormous wealth effectively. Although poverty is equally widespread in urban areas, poor economic and social policies have aggravated the extent of poverty in rural areas. This article utilises a historical analysis technique to examine the nature of rural poverty in Nigeria and also the failure of the government’s poverty-reduction strategies. Information was sourced from previous studies, reports of government agencies and institutions, the World Bank, and relevant journals articles. The researchers have found that the limited understanding of the nature of poverty, and the failure to engage the rural poor and the wider community in decision-making processes, especially relating to poverty analysis, have been important factors that have contributed to the failure of past poverty-reduction strategies in the country. The researchers come to the conclusion that involving the poor is placing them at the centre of their own development process.
尽管尼日利亚拥有丰富的石油、天然气和其他自然资源,但其农村地区的大多数人口的经历一直是,而且仍然是赤贫。由于历届政府未能有效管理国家的巨额财富,尼日利亚人仍然贫穷。虽然贫穷在城市地区同样普遍,但贫穷的经济和社会政策加剧了农村地区的贫穷程度。本文运用历史分析的方法来考察尼日利亚农村贫困的本质,以及政府减贫战略的失败。这些信息来源于以前的研究、政府机构和机构的报告、世界银行和相关期刊的文章。研究人员发现,对贫困性质的理解有限,未能让农村穷人和更广泛的社区参与决策过程,特别是与贫困分析有关的决策过程,是导致该国过去减贫战略失败的重要因素。研究人员得出的结论是,让穷人参与进来是将他们置于自身发展进程的中心。
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引用次数: 0
Play Psychotherapy with Children Traumatised by Caregivers with Alcohol Abuse Disorder: Integrative Interventions 酒精滥用障碍照顾者对儿童创伤的游戏心理治疗:综合干预
Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/3783
Eric Green, Amie C. Myrick, Laura Fazio-Griffith
Children exposed to caregivers with alcohol abuse disorder (AUD) are often subjected to a psychologically destabilising home environment. These caregivers may demonstrate behaviours that compromise their children’s sense of safety and security and lead to a range of trauma-related symptoms. A trauma-focused treatment approach may assist with the reduction of children’s trauma-related symptoms as well as the prevention of, for example, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, behavioural problems, and pathological shame. In this article, the authors discuss the incorporation of tenets of cognitive behavioural play therapy into a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) approach for children affected by a caregiver with AUD. Additionally, the authors discuss the effects of caregiver AUD on children and outline an integrative play-based treatment approach for treating the trauma these children experience. A case example is presented to illustrate the integration of TF-CBT and cognitive behavioural play therapy (CBPT) for children with caregivers with AUD.
暴露于有酒精滥用障碍(AUD)的照顾者的儿童经常受到心理不稳定的家庭环境的影响。这些照顾者可能表现出损害其子女安全感的行为,并导致一系列与创伤有关的症状。以创伤为重点的治疗方法可能有助于减少儿童的创伤相关症状,并预防诸如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁、行为问题和病理性羞耻等疾病。在这篇文章中,作者讨论了将认知行为游戏疗法的原则融入到创伤型认知行为疗法(TF-CBT)方法中,以治疗受照顾者患有AUD影响的儿童。此外,作者讨论了照顾者AUD对儿童的影响,并概述了一种以游戏为基础的综合治疗方法来治疗这些儿童所经历的创伤。一个案例被提出,以说明整合TF-CBT和认知行为游戏疗法(CBPT)的儿童照顾者有AUD。
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引用次数: 0
Collaborative Endeavours and Challenges of 21st-Century Skills in Tertiary Distance Education 21世纪高等远程教育技能的协作努力与挑战
Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/4413
E. Terblanche
Anecdotal evidence indicates that the curricula of tertiary distance education institutions and the skills sets of faculty and students do not match those required in the digital age. Developments in the context of changing realities within which educators teach and students learn, pose a variety of challenges. The acquisition of meta-literacies and specific knowledge has unique implications and demands multi-tasking and multi-faceted skilling. This article presents a conceptual meta-analysis of discourses on required 21st-century skills and meta-literacies. The goal of this analysis is to do basic research to delineate a conceptual map of key trends to serve as a theoretical foundation for a follow-up case study to be conducted at a tertiary distance educational institution. The findings of the purposive literature survey are expected to lead to the identification of various required multi-literacies and the recognition of the context of changing realities within which educators teach and students learn. The implications of curriculum development, the necessity of applying appropriate teaching strategies, and the personal development and training of educators and students in transition of becoming collaborative knowledge creators are some of the future developments in educational practices of the digitalised environment that require greater awareness and further research.
轶事证据表明,高等远程教育机构的课程设置和教师和学生的技能组合与数字时代的要求不匹配。在不断变化的现实背景下,教育工作者的教学和学生的学习带来了各种各样的挑战。元素养和特定知识的获取具有独特的含义,需要多任务和多方面的技能。这篇文章提出了一个关于21世纪所需技能和元素养的话语的概念元分析。本分析的目的是进行基础研究,以描绘关键趋势的概念图,作为在高等远程教育机构进行的后续案例研究的理论基础。有目的的文献调查的结果预计将导致确定各种所需的多元素养,并认识到教育工作者和学生在其中学习的不断变化的现实背景。课程开发的影响,应用适当教学策略的必要性,以及向协作知识创造者转变的教育工作者和学生的个人发展和培训,是数字化环境下教育实践的一些未来发展,需要更多的认识和进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
North of the Future: Professional Youth Work and Digital Technology 未来之北:专业青年工作与数字技术
Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/1992
J. Bessant
New and emerging technologies are challenging certain long-standing ideas about work, education, play and even what it means to be human. The “digital revolution” is transforming not only unskilled work, it is now encroaching on many fields of professional practice and threatening the viability of traditional models of professionalism. Against a backdrop of considerable debate on youth work about the value of adopting the core elements of a profession, like a code of ethics or forming professional associations, youth workers now have the opportunity to think again about what it means to be a profession. This article suggests how the new and emerging technologies can play a major role in helping youth work develop new ways of being a profession while retaining its core commitment to enabling young people to flourish. This includes drawing on distributed innovation technologies to promote new decentralised forms of democratic, interactive and collaborative peer relations oriented to an ethos of subsidiarity.
新兴技术正在挑战某些长期存在的关于工作、教育、娱乐甚至是人类意义的观念。“数字革命”不仅正在改变非技术工作,而且正在蚕食许多专业实践领域,并威胁到传统专业模式的生存能力。在有关青年工作采纳职业核心要素(如道德准则或成立专业协会)的价值的大量辩论的背景下,青年工作者现在有机会重新思考成为一种职业意味着什么。本文提出了新兴技术如何在帮助青年工作发展成为一种职业的新方式中发挥重要作用,同时保持其使年轻人蓬勃发展的核心承诺。这包括利用分布式创新技术来促进新的分散形式的民主、互动和协作的同伴关系,以辅助精神为导向。
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引用次数: 1
Urban Youth Unemployment in South Africa: Socio-Economic and Political Problems 南非城市青年失业:社会经济和政治问题
Pub Date : 2019-05-09 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/1996
S. Mago
This article explores the socio-economic and political problems relating to urban youth unemployment (UYU) in South Africa. The high UYU has become a big challenge and a key issue of debate in contemporary South Africa. With the increasing number of unemployed university graduates, youth unemployment calls for urgent attention. The researcher used a qualitative research methodology for the study, and conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data. Primary data collection was carried out in an online environment using the SurveyMonkey software program. In addition, empirical evidence was gathered from secondary sources. The findings show that UYU is increasing and has become a crisis. Currently, the rate of unemployment is 26.7 per cent, but youth unemployment is around 52 per cent. UYU in South Africa is a “ticking bomb” and is likely to explode in the face of South Africa’s leadership if the problem goes unattended. The article recommends that strategies, such as revamping South Africa’s educational system, creating jobs, developing the skills of the youth, and facilitating youth entrepreneurship, could be used to stem the problem of UYU.  
本文探讨与南非城市青年失业(UYU)相关的社会经济和政治问题。在当代南非,高UYU已经成为一个巨大的挑战和争论的关键问题。随着大学毕业生失业人数的增加,青年失业问题亟待关注。研究者在研究中采用了定性研究方法,并进行了半结构化访谈来收集数据。使用SurveyMonkey软件程序在在线环境中进行主要数据收集。此外,从二手来源收集了经验证据。调查结果表明,UYU正在增加,并已成为一场危机。目前,南非的失业率为26.7%,但青年失业率约为52%。UYU在南非是一颗“定时炸弹”,如果这个问题得不到重视,很可能在南非领导人面前爆炸。这篇文章建议,可以利用诸如改革南非的教育体系、创造就业机会、发展青年技能和促进青年创业等战略来解决UYU问题。
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引用次数: 9
Listening to the Voices of Young People: Developing a Model of Participative Practice 倾听年轻人的声音:发展参与式实践模式
Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6549/1919
A. Hatton
This article focuses on how adults listen to the voices of young people and engage in a dialogue to create meaningful participation that is accessible and inclusive rather than tokenistic. The study that was conducted used a participatory, arts-based methodology to elicit the views of young people. Hatton’s model of participative practice is put forward, as it recognises the centrality of relationships as being the key to enhancing participation as part of a dialogue and shared experience. This centrality of relationships is linked to the practice of youth work, which supports the agency of young people and their capacity to participate.
这篇文章的重点是成年人如何倾听年轻人的声音,并参与对话,以创造有意义的参与,这是可访问的和包容的,而不是象征性的。这项研究采用了一种参与式的、以艺术为基础的方法来征求年轻人的意见。哈顿的参与性实践模型被提出,因为它认识到关系的中心地位是增强参与作为对话和共享经验的一部分的关键。这种关系的中心地位与青年工作的实践有关,青年工作支持青年机构及其参与能力。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Commonwealth Youth and Development
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