Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.1177/1741134320947758
Yogesh Kumar, Utkal Khandelwal, Ankita Saxena
Patients/customers are offered a substitute brand of medicine generally when the prescribed brand is not available at retail store. However, the customers respond in various ways to such an offer. There are many factors that affect the acceptance/rejection of the substitute brand by the customers. This study’s objective is to categorize consumers’ responses to the offer for substitute brand of medicine in place of the prescribed one in north India. Another objective of the study is to identify common characteristics of customers falling in different response categories. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with chemists/retailers and customers. The common responses of the customers to the offer of substitute drugs were- straightway acceptance, acceptance of substitute brand after the assurance of substitute being chemically equivalent by the pharmacist and rejection of the substitute. Education, age, trust on pharmacist and perceived seriousness of illness were the main factors affecting the acceptance of substitution.
{"title":"Customers’ response to the offer of substitute brands of medicines for the prescribed ones – An exploratory study of consumer behavior in North India","authors":"Yogesh Kumar, Utkal Khandelwal, Ankita Saxena","doi":"10.1177/1741134320947758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320947758","url":null,"abstract":"Patients/customers are offered a substitute brand of medicine generally when the prescribed brand is not available at retail store. However, the customers respond in various ways to such an offer. There are many factors that affect the acceptance/rejection of the substitute brand by the customers. This study’s objective is to categorize consumers’ responses to the offer for substitute brand of medicine in place of the prescribed one in north India. Another objective of the study is to identify common characteristics of customers falling in different response categories. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with chemists/retailers and customers. The common responses of the customers to the offer of substitute drugs were- straightway acceptance, acceptance of substitute brand after the assurance of substitute being chemically equivalent by the pharmacist and rejection of the substitute. Education, age, trust on pharmacist and perceived seriousness of illness were the main factors affecting the acceptance of substitution.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"92 1","pages":"147 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84814993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.1177/1741134320947773
Bharti Latwal, A. Chandra
Nowadays, there are many generic medications available in the market. Their sale is increasing day by day due to their lower cost and affordability by most of the customers. Generic medications are pharmaceuticals that are therapeutically equivalent to an original off patent drug. Both authorized generics and branded generics are the versions of generic medications. They offer lucrative business and increase competition for ordinary generics. They supply medications having quality of branded drugs at lower prices and this establishes their recognition among the masses who earlier has limited options to buy only brand-name drugs. They are cheaper than brand name drugs but costlier than ordinary generics. Authorized generics are sold only by Innovator Companies but the branded generics can be sold by both innovator companies and generic companies. They both are different from one another and have their own impact on the brand drug companies, generic companies and consumers.
{"title":"Authorized generics vs. branded generics: A perspective","authors":"Bharti Latwal, A. Chandra","doi":"10.1177/1741134320947773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320947773","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there are many generic medications available in the market. Their sale is increasing day by day due to their lower cost and affordability by most of the customers. Generic medications are pharmaceuticals that are therapeutically equivalent to an original off patent drug. Both authorized generics and branded generics are the versions of generic medications. They offer lucrative business and increase competition for ordinary generics. They supply medications having quality of branded drugs at lower prices and this establishes their recognition among the masses who earlier has limited options to buy only brand-name drugs. They are cheaper than brand name drugs but costlier than ordinary generics. Authorized generics are sold only by Innovator Companies but the branded generics can be sold by both innovator companies and generic companies. They both are different from one another and have their own impact on the brand drug companies, generic companies and consumers.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"34 1","pages":"5 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82722682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.1177/1741134320947750
Madhabi Lata Shuma, S. Halder
The objective of the present study was to compare the in vitro equivalence of different orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of Desloratadine (DES) available in Bangladesh pharmaceutical market with the reference brand. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out using the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) paddle method and a comparative study were also carried out with the reference brand. Other pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial quality assessment parameters including hardness, friability, water absorption ratio, and disintegration time etc. were also evaluated. From the results of the dissolution profile of the commercially available products, it found majority of the products didn’t exhibited compendial requirements in dissolution behavior to the reference brand with model-independent approach (f2 > 50, f1 < 15) and showed statistically significant differences. Additionally, the data of different physical quality parameters revealed that all commercial products complied with the official specifications. From these findings, it could be suggested that the DES-ODT formulations’ available in the Bangladesh market could be prescribed; however additional experiments might require to clarify the interchangeability among the products.
本研究的目的是比较孟加拉国药品市场上销售的地氯雷他定(DES)不同口腔崩解片(ODT)与参比品牌的体外等效性。采用美国药典(USP)桨片法进行体外溶出度研究，并与参比品牌进行对比研究。其他药典和非药典质量评价参数包括硬度、脆性、吸水率、崩解时间等。从市售产品的溶出度曲线结果来看，采用与型号无关的方法(f2 > 50, f1 < 15)，大多数产品对参考品牌的溶出度行为不符合药典要求，差异具有统计学意义。此外，不同物理质量参数的数据显示，所有商业产品都符合官方规格。根据这些发现，可以建议在孟加拉国市场上提供DES-ODT配方;然而，可能需要额外的实验来澄清产品之间的互换性。
{"title":"Statistical assessment of in vitro drug release kinetics and quality evaluation of desloratadine orally disintegrating generic tablets available in Bangladesh","authors":"Madhabi Lata Shuma, S. Halder","doi":"10.1177/1741134320947750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320947750","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to compare the in vitro equivalence of different orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of Desloratadine (DES) available in Bangladesh pharmaceutical market with the reference brand. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out using the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) paddle method and a comparative study were also carried out with the reference brand. Other pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial quality assessment parameters including hardness, friability, water absorption ratio, and disintegration time etc. were also evaluated. From the results of the dissolution profile of the commercially available products, it found majority of the products didn’t exhibited compendial requirements in dissolution behavior to the reference brand with model-independent approach (f2 > 50, f1 < 15) and showed statistically significant differences. Additionally, the data of different physical quality parameters revealed that all commercial products complied with the official specifications. From these findings, it could be suggested that the DES-ODT formulations’ available in the Bangladesh market could be prescribed; however additional experiments might require to clarify the interchangeability among the products.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"110 1","pages":"10 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82425734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-27DOI: 10.1177/1741134320942275
Ranjit Barshikar
This review article shares New Normal as part of impact of Covid 19, on Pharmaceutical Industry globally as whole & Manufacturing Operations as preventive measures or cure of Covid 19. Based on known transmissions & spreading routes, the Pharmaceutical Industry Manufacturing Operations needs to learn to avoid such impacts of transmissions & spreads. The pharmaceutical and healthcare operations need to take care to protect personnel As such The Pharmaceutical Industry does take very good care to avoid cross contaminations as part of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). But now keeping in mind seriousness of virus spread, the Pharmaceutical Industry has to take precautions to avoid transmission & spread during travel in buses, entry & exit procedures, change rooms, avoid hand touch to doors, handles etc. at office work places & throughout the manufacturing operations at site This article looks at various stages the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Operation sites has to take care depending types of products & human involvement in such operations As per WHO, key major steps to protect against the infection are: • Social distancing • Use of Masks/Face- Shields • Frequent Washing of Hands with soap & water or Sanitisation with proper sanitisers containing min. 70% Alcohol. • Segregation of staff in essential & non-essential at manufacturing site. • Non-essential staff to work from home Essential staff are the ones who are required to work in person at manufacturing site The Pharmaceutical Industry is moving forward very confidently by amending concerned SOP’s to meet Covid – 19 impact & challenges. This article describes “New Normal – impacts” of Covid-19 & basic requirements like Personal hygiene, Entry/Exit procedures to Protect the Workplace & Safety of the Workforce.
{"title":"Covid 19 – Impact and new normal for pharmaceutical industry (Part – I)","authors":"Ranjit Barshikar","doi":"10.1177/1741134320942275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320942275","url":null,"abstract":"This review article shares New Normal as part of impact of Covid 19, on Pharmaceutical Industry globally as whole & Manufacturing Operations as preventive measures or cure of Covid 19. Based on known transmissions & spreading routes, the Pharmaceutical Industry Manufacturing Operations needs to learn to avoid such impacts of transmissions & spreads. The pharmaceutical and healthcare operations need to take care to protect personnel As such The Pharmaceutical Industry does take very good care to avoid cross contaminations as part of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). But now keeping in mind seriousness of virus spread, the Pharmaceutical Industry has to take precautions to avoid transmission & spread during travel in buses, entry & exit procedures, change rooms, avoid hand touch to doors, handles etc. at office work places & throughout the manufacturing operations at site This article looks at various stages the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Operation sites has to take care depending types of products & human involvement in such operations As per WHO, key major steps to protect against the infection are: • Social distancing • Use of Masks/Face- Shields • Frequent Washing of Hands with soap & water or Sanitisation with proper sanitisers containing min. 70% Alcohol. • Segregation of staff in essential & non-essential at manufacturing site. • Non-essential staff to work from home Essential staff are the ones who are required to work in person at manufacturing site The Pharmaceutical Industry is moving forward very confidently by amending concerned SOP’s to meet Covid – 19 impact & challenges. This article describes “New Normal – impacts” of Covid-19 & basic requirements like Personal hygiene, Entry/Exit procedures to Protect the Workplace & Safety of the Workforce.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"72 1","pages":"112 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85845998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-17DOI: 10.1177/1741134320941552
C. Wiedyaningsih, F. Rahmawati, E. Lukitaningsih
Background Prescription unit packaging (PUP) and unit-of-dose packaging (UDP) are two types of medicine packaging systems utilized in hospital pharmacies across Indonesia. However, UDP is generally not used for outpatients. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer perception and experience of the use of medicines in a packaging system for outpatients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative components was performed. A questionnaire about medicine distribution systems, involving packaging and usage was distributed from August to November 2018. During the same time frame, interviews were performed to identify participants’ experiences when using drugs that were distributed and packaged using the PUP system. Key findings: A total of 104 participants completed the questionnaire. Although 52.9% of the participants did not experience difficulties when using medicines distributed in PUP, 68.2% of participants preferred to use medicines in UDP. The reason for their choice of UDP was its practical use (80.8%), particularly if the medicine was taken when traveling (78.9%). Participants reported that UDP was very practical and helpful for geriatric patients, as UDP enables elderly people to use their medicine appropriately. Furthermore, they reported that UDP reminded consumers of the time to take their medicine. The problems with UDP were the number of packages and unfamiliarity. Conclusions Medicine was preferred in UDP by consumers but the model needs to be adapted to outpatients.
{"title":"Consumer perception and experience regarding medicine packaging systems: A survey of medicine dispensing for outpatients","authors":"C. Wiedyaningsih, F. Rahmawati, E. Lukitaningsih","doi":"10.1177/1741134320941552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320941552","url":null,"abstract":"Background Prescription unit packaging (PUP) and unit-of-dose packaging (UDP) are two types of medicine packaging systems utilized in hospital pharmacies across Indonesia. However, UDP is generally not used for outpatients. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer perception and experience of the use of medicines in a packaging system for outpatients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative components was performed. A questionnaire about medicine distribution systems, involving packaging and usage was distributed from August to November 2018. During the same time frame, interviews were performed to identify participants’ experiences when using drugs that were distributed and packaged using the PUP system. Key findings: A total of 104 participants completed the questionnaire. Although 52.9% of the participants did not experience difficulties when using medicines distributed in PUP, 68.2% of participants preferred to use medicines in UDP. The reason for their choice of UDP was its practical use (80.8%), particularly if the medicine was taken when traveling (78.9%). Participants reported that UDP was very practical and helpful for geriatric patients, as UDP enables elderly people to use their medicine appropriately. Furthermore, they reported that UDP reminded consumers of the time to take their medicine. The problems with UDP were the number of packages and unfamiliarity. Conclusions Medicine was preferred in UDP by consumers but the model needs to be adapted to outpatients.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"32 1","pages":"153 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77815225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.1177/1741134320937032
Paul A. Braier
{"title":"Biogen v. Banner lifesciences: The federal circuit narrows the scope of PTE patents","authors":"Paul A. Braier","doi":"10.1177/1741134320937032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320937032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"24 1","pages":"129 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78547435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-26DOI: 10.1177/1741134320936724
Sumit Sanduria, Swagatika Tripathy, P. Murthy, BP Patra, H. Dureja
Combination products (CPs) are nothing but medical products that do not adequately apt solely into a regulatory category, but reasonably comprise of any combination of drug, device and biological product. The use of combination products and delivery systems are to deal with a chronic condition or to relieve an acute condition or to treat the various lives threaten & complex diseases. This article assesses the regulation of combination products in USA, India, China, Japan and Europe and likens the regulatory regime in pharmaceutical environments. Though many of these types of products have been available for years, recent FDA guidelines have spelled out viewpoint on both a development and commercialization perspective. These elucidations have led to augment regulatory expectations resulting in new and increased challenges. To make sure compliance with these regulations and beat challenges, it is essential to remain familiar with the dynamic changing regulations. This piece of writing spotlights on key aspects to understand the concept of combination products, its classification, review period and most importantly facts to consider when any organization is gearing up for a regulatory submission to regulatory agency and its prospective for PLCM of the combination product.
{"title":"Voicing regulatory perspectives of the combination products","authors":"Sumit Sanduria, Swagatika Tripathy, P. Murthy, BP Patra, H. Dureja","doi":"10.1177/1741134320936724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320936724","url":null,"abstract":"Combination products (CPs) are nothing but medical products that do not adequately apt solely into a regulatory category, but reasonably comprise of any combination of drug, device and biological product. The use of combination products and delivery systems are to deal with a chronic condition or to relieve an acute condition or to treat the various lives threaten & complex diseases. This article assesses the regulation of combination products in USA, India, China, Japan and Europe and likens the regulatory regime in pharmaceutical environments. Though many of these types of products have been available for years, recent FDA guidelines have spelled out viewpoint on both a development and commercialization perspective. These elucidations have led to augment regulatory expectations resulting in new and increased challenges. To make sure compliance with these regulations and beat challenges, it is essential to remain familiar with the dynamic changing regulations. This piece of writing spotlights on key aspects to understand the concept of combination products, its classification, review period and most importantly facts to consider when any organization is gearing up for a regulatory submission to regulatory agency and its prospective for PLCM of the combination product.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"7 1","pages":"101 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72810287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan is one of the largest pharmaceutical markets in the world, and as such, pharmaceutical companies are intensively conducting research and development of new drugs in Japan. However, information on Japanese pharmaceutical market profiles is limited. In this context, we elucidated the market characteristics and trends of new molecular entities approved between 2006 and 2015 in Japan. Among antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, the highest number was first approved in the United States, and for nervous system drugs, the highest number was first approved in Europe. The alimentary tract and metabolism and the musculoskeletal system were the therapeutic areas for which the most drugs were approved for the first time in Japan. Most of the musculoskeletal system drugs were developed by Japanese companies, and most of the antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were developed outside of Japan. Using various performance indexes, such as market forecasts and significance of clinical benefits, we determined that the number of new molecular entities and market size increased and the number of drugs with significant clinical benefits decreased. These results suggest that new molecular entity innovation by Japanese companies has been decreasing and the government’s comparative method for pricing does not work well in Japan.
{"title":"Analysis of new molecular entity trends from 2006 to 2015 in Japan","authors":"Shoyo Shibata, Daigo Fukumoto, Koken Ozaki, Takeshi Suzuki","doi":"10.1177/1741134320928511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320928511","url":null,"abstract":"Japan is one of the largest pharmaceutical markets in the world, and as such, pharmaceutical companies are intensively conducting research and development of new drugs in Japan. However, information on Japanese pharmaceutical market profiles is limited. In this context, we elucidated the market characteristics and trends of new molecular entities approved between 2006 and 2015 in Japan. Among antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, the highest number was first approved in the United States, and for nervous system drugs, the highest number was first approved in Europe. The alimentary tract and metabolism and the musculoskeletal system were the therapeutic areas for which the most drugs were approved for the first time in Japan. Most of the musculoskeletal system drugs were developed by Japanese companies, and most of the antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were developed outside of Japan. Using various performance indexes, such as market forecasts and significance of clinical benefits, we determined that the number of new molecular entities and market size increased and the number of drugs with significant clinical benefits decreased. These results suggest that new molecular entity innovation by Japanese companies has been decreasing and the government’s comparative method for pricing does not work well in Japan.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"64 1","pages":"161 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80894484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1741134320926625
K. K. Ahmed, A. A. Al-Jumaili, Shihab Hattab Mutlak, Mohammed Kamel Hadi
Introduction The national pharmaceutical industry is pivotal for both the health sector and the national economy. This study aims to identify determinants of national drug products acceptance. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the level of patient and community pharmacist acceptance of national drug products available in community pharmacies and to qualitatively explore the barriers facing national pharmaceutical companies and investigate the suggested solutions. Methods This cross-sectional study used an explanatory mixed method design. It was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from July through October 2018. The study included two surveys (one for pharmacy customers and another for pharmacists) and thereafter semi-structured interviews of national pharmaceutical company owners/managers. The interview guide was developed based on preliminary quantitative results. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview findings. Results We received 123 patient surveys and 125 usable pharmacist surveys. We conducted seven interviews and stopped when we reached saturation. Integrated qualitative and quantitative findings showed that the main determinants of national drug product acceptance are product characteristics (namely price, packaging, brand, and availability), healthcare providers effect on product promotion and perceived effectiveness, and regulations enforced by authorities mainly the Ministry of Health. Conclusions Product price was the number one modulating factor in patient decision-making when purchasing a drug product. It appears that physicians and pharmacists are playing negative or at least neutral role in promoting national drug products and sustaining patients trust in national drug products. Current policies appeared to slow national drug industry growth and limit manufacturers’ ability to expand their share in the market. Manufacturer marketing efforts can help in gaining physicians and pharmacists support of the national drug product. Reforms to current drug policy and regulations were proposed by manufacturers.
{"title":"Determinants of national drug products acceptance across patients, pharmacists, and manufacturers: A mixed method study","authors":"K. K. Ahmed, A. A. Al-Jumaili, Shihab Hattab Mutlak, Mohammed Kamel Hadi","doi":"10.1177/1741134320926625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320926625","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The national pharmaceutical industry is pivotal for both the health sector and the national economy. This study aims to identify determinants of national drug products acceptance. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the level of patient and community pharmacist acceptance of national drug products available in community pharmacies and to qualitatively explore the barriers facing national pharmaceutical companies and investigate the suggested solutions. Methods This cross-sectional study used an explanatory mixed method design. It was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from July through October 2018. The study included two surveys (one for pharmacy customers and another for pharmacists) and thereafter semi-structured interviews of national pharmaceutical company owners/managers. The interview guide was developed based on preliminary quantitative results. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview findings. Results We received 123 patient surveys and 125 usable pharmacist surveys. We conducted seven interviews and stopped when we reached saturation. Integrated qualitative and quantitative findings showed that the main determinants of national drug product acceptance are product characteristics (namely price, packaging, brand, and availability), healthcare providers effect on product promotion and perceived effectiveness, and regulations enforced by authorities mainly the Ministry of Health. Conclusions Product price was the number one modulating factor in patient decision-making when purchasing a drug product. It appears that physicians and pharmacists are playing negative or at least neutral role in promoting national drug products and sustaining patients trust in national drug products. Current policies appeared to slow national drug industry growth and limit manufacturers’ ability to expand their share in the market. Manufacturer marketing efforts can help in gaining physicians and pharmacists support of the national drug product. Reforms to current drug policy and regulations were proposed by manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"1 1","pages":"139 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90620097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1741134320926642
S. Sharif, Souad Aldayeh, Huda Alsomali, F. Hayat
Background Generic substitution has become a common practice in several countries, primarily because of a major cost-minimizing strategy without compromising healthcare quality. Objective The study was carried out to assess the knowledge and perception of generic medication among final year pharmacy and medical students in the University of Sharjah. Method A cross-sectional survey was designed, pre-validated, and distributed during the period of September to November 2019 in the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The study research covered various aspects on knowledge and perception of generic medicines. It was distributed to 180 final year pharmacy and medicine students. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and Chi square test was used to determine the level of significance at p < 0.05. Result A total of 171 of 180 questionnaires were returned back including 87 and 84 surveys from pharmacy and medical students respectively producing a response rate of 95%. The majority of respondents in both collages were females, Arabs, and with parents of non-health care professions. Significantly more pharmacy than medical students agreed that cost-effective therapy and generics were covered in their study courses, generics are bioequivalent to brands and must contain the same amount of active ingredients like brands, that they are confident of their knowledge and more easily recall drugs by their generic names. Again more pharmacy students agreed that pharmacists should have the right to perform substitution but disagreed to the statement that generics takes longer time to produce therapeutic effects than brands. Conclusion Overall, Final-year students of pharmacy had better level of knowledge and perception of generic medicines and their right to perform generic substitution. Medical students seem to have limited knowledge of certain important aspects. Therefore, improvement of educational courses of future health-care professionals should be implemented early to enhance students’ awareness toward generic substitution.
{"title":"Assessment of the knowledge and perception of generic medications among pharmacy and medical students in the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","authors":"S. Sharif, Souad Aldayeh, Huda Alsomali, F. Hayat","doi":"10.1177/1741134320926642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134320926642","url":null,"abstract":"Background Generic substitution has become a common practice in several countries, primarily because of a major cost-minimizing strategy without compromising healthcare quality. Objective The study was carried out to assess the knowledge and perception of generic medication among final year pharmacy and medical students in the University of Sharjah. Method A cross-sectional survey was designed, pre-validated, and distributed during the period of September to November 2019 in the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The study research covered various aspects on knowledge and perception of generic medicines. It was distributed to 180 final year pharmacy and medicine students. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and Chi square test was used to determine the level of significance at p < 0.05. Result A total of 171 of 180 questionnaires were returned back including 87 and 84 surveys from pharmacy and medical students respectively producing a response rate of 95%. The majority of respondents in both collages were females, Arabs, and with parents of non-health care professions. Significantly more pharmacy than medical students agreed that cost-effective therapy and generics were covered in their study courses, generics are bioequivalent to brands and must contain the same amount of active ingredients like brands, that they are confident of their knowledge and more easily recall drugs by their generic names. Again more pharmacy students agreed that pharmacists should have the right to perform substitution but disagreed to the statement that generics takes longer time to produce therapeutic effects than brands. Conclusion Overall, Final-year students of pharmacy had better level of knowledge and perception of generic medicines and their right to perform generic substitution. Medical students seem to have limited knowledge of certain important aspects. Therefore, improvement of educational courses of future health-care professionals should be implemented early to enhance students’ awareness toward generic substitution.","PeriodicalId":15914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector","volume":"34 1","pages":"120 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76661334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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