Opening speech to the 1 NC3A Multinational Civil-Military Interoperability workshop, held in Brussels on 14 June 2011, addressing NATO’s roles in supporting the development of non-military capabilities by nations, avoiding duplication, and providing civil-military interoperability.
{"title":"Multinational Cooperation in Civil-Military Interoperability","authors":"Francesca Tardioli","doi":"10.11610/isij.2701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/isij.2701","url":null,"abstract":"Opening speech to the 1 NC3A Multinational Civil-Military Interoperability workshop, held in Brussels on 14 June 2011, addressing NATO’s roles in supporting the development of non-military capabilities by nations, avoiding duplication, and providing civil-military interoperability.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127886838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last several decades, the military has greatly benefited from the increased knowledge and capabilities provided by using computerized command and control systems. As this use has expanded exponentially, so has the need to integrate these systems. The breadth of computing technology at the component, functional, and mission level has further complicated the issue of interoperability. By their nature, these disparate systems have varying levels of fidelity, granularity, quality and availability. The cost of establishing collaboration between these systems is typically high, and is complicated by differing organizational readiness levels, willingness, and technical ability to affect collaboration. The opportunity to enable interoperability, therefore, has great value, provided it can address these factors and more.
{"title":"Achieving Interoperability of Command and Control Systems Using Translation Gateways","authors":"D. Perme, M. Whelan, William Loftus","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.1008","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last several decades, the military has greatly benefited from the increased knowledge and capabilities provided by using computerized command and control systems. As this use has expanded exponentially, so has the need to integrate these systems. The breadth of computing technology at the component, functional, and mission level has further complicated the issue of interoperability. By their nature, these disparate systems have varying levels of fidelity, granularity, quality and availability. The cost of establishing collaboration between these systems is typically high, and is complicated by differing organizational readiness levels, willingness, and technical ability to affect collaboration. The opportunity to enable interoperability, therefore, has great value, provided it can address these factors and more.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125527520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes NATO's decisions and actions taken in response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States and assesses the probable future role of the Alliance in combating international terrorism. In September-October 2001, the United States chose to lead a coalition against the Al Qaeda terrorists and their supporters in Afghanistan instead of ceding the initiative to NATO. The necessity for rapid decisions and actions, the military capabilities gap between the United States and the European allies, and the lessons from NATO's air campaign in the 1999 Kosovo crisis, probably led the United States to make this choice. NATO's contributions to the campaign against terrorism have in- cluded sending Airborne Warning and Control Systems aircraft to the United States, deploying naval forces to the Eastern Mediterranean, and conducting pre- ventive action against terrorist groups acting within or from the Balkans. Other measures taken by the Alliance include: adoption of a new Military Concept for Defence against Terrorism and a Partnership Action Plan on Terrorism, strength- ening the nuclear, biological and chemical defence and civil protection, better co- operation with other international organizations, etc. NATO's responses to the 11 September attacks, the unconventional and asymmetric threat posed by interna- tional terrorism, and the distinct contributions that the military can make in com- bating terrorism support the main hypothesis of this article: that NATO may be un- able to play more than specific limited roles in the fight against international ter- rorism.
{"title":"DOES NATO HAVE A ROLE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM: ANALYSIS OF NATO'S RESPONSE TO SEPTEMBER 11","authors":"Krassimir Kuzmanov","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.1904","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes NATO's decisions and actions taken in response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States and assesses the probable future role of the Alliance in combating international terrorism. In September-October 2001, the United States chose to lead a coalition against the Al Qaeda terrorists and their supporters in Afghanistan instead of ceding the initiative to NATO. The necessity for rapid decisions and actions, the military capabilities gap between the United States and the European allies, and the lessons from NATO's air campaign in the 1999 Kosovo crisis, probably led the United States to make this choice. NATO's contributions to the campaign against terrorism have in- cluded sending Airborne Warning and Control Systems aircraft to the United States, deploying naval forces to the Eastern Mediterranean, and conducting pre- ventive action against terrorist groups acting within or from the Balkans. Other measures taken by the Alliance include: adoption of a new Military Concept for Defence against Terrorism and a Partnership Action Plan on Terrorism, strength- ening the nuclear, biological and chemical defence and civil protection, better co- operation with other international organizations, etc. NATO's responses to the 11 September attacks, the unconventional and asymmetric threat posed by interna- tional terrorism, and the distinct contributions that the military can make in com- bating terrorism support the main hypothesis of this article: that NATO may be un- able to play more than specific limited roles in the fight against international ter- rorism.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125565910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With NATO and the NATO Nations being heavily dependent on their communication and information systems, ensuring their proper operation is a criti- cal task. Establishing appropriate cyber defence capabilities is a major endeavour and one which a lot of nations are currently putting increased focus on. The multi- national approach to cyber defence capability development presented in this paper is an approach to leverage the common interest nations have in this area to effi- ciently develop high-quality capabilities through cooperation and coordination. The paper goes on to present initial topics where the approach could be immediately leveraged, including information sharing, situational awareness, and distributed sensor collection and coordination capabilities. The paper concludes that this way forward could significantly improve our cyber defence capabilities and contribute to the overall security of the Alliance.
{"title":"Towards Multi-National Capability Development in Cyber Defence","authors":"Frederic Jordan, G. Hallingstad","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.2709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.2709","url":null,"abstract":"With NATO and the NATO Nations being heavily dependent on their communication and information systems, ensuring their proper operation is a criti- cal task. Establishing appropriate cyber defence capabilities is a major endeavour and one which a lot of nations are currently putting increased focus on. The multi- national approach to cyber defence capability development presented in this paper is an approach to leverage the common interest nations have in this area to effi- ciently develop high-quality capabilities through cooperation and coordination. The paper goes on to present initial topics where the approach could be immediately leveraged, including information sharing, situational awareness, and distributed sensor collection and coordination capabilities. The paper concludes that this way forward could significantly improve our cyber defence capabilities and contribute to the overall security of the Alliance.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126626949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This paper presents a research project that deals with the use of software agents as a support to collaboration. Collaboration can face different obstacles, such as partner distribution and resource heterogeneity. To overcome these constraints, coordination strategies are required. Such strategies allow agents to avoid conflicts and, hence, to fulfill their activities efficiently. This project is applied to humanitarian-assistance scenarios, in which different participants, such as nongovernmental organizations, have to work together despite their individual differences. Therefore, it becomes relevant to suggest collaborative approaches that will support these participants in their daily operations.
{"title":"A Software Agent-based Collaborative Approach for Humanitarian-Assistance Scenarios","authors":"Z. Maamar, Nabil Sahli, B. Moulin, P. Labbé","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.0808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.0808","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper presents a research project that deals with the use of software agents as a support to collaboration. Collaboration can face different obstacles, such as partner distribution and resource heterogeneity. To overcome these constraints, coordination strategies are required. Such strategies allow agents to avoid conflicts and, hence, to fulfill their activities efficiently. This project is applied to humanitarian-assistance scenarios, in which different participants, such as nongovernmental organizations, have to work together despite their individual differences. Therefore, it becomes relevant to suggest collaborative approaches that will support these participants in their daily operations.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dudar, V. Verkhovtsev, G. Lysychenko, Yu. Tyshchenko
The article examines uranium ore manifestations, mining and associated radon emanation potential from the point of view of radiation hazard to the environment in the region of the Ukrainian Shield and its slopes, namely within the Central Ukrainian Uranium Province. The maximum amount of radon is established in the geodynamically active zones in overlapping rocks associated with new tectonic anomalies in parent rocks. Most hazardous are areas where new tectonic activation zones and uranium ore manifestations occur relatively close to the surface. The approach towards ‘radon-prone areas’ in accordance with the European Basic Safety Standards is emphasized.
{"title":"Radon Emanation as a Source of Radiation Hazard to the Environment: The Case of the Ukrainian Shield","authors":"T. Dudar, V. Verkhovtsev, G. Lysychenko, Yu. Tyshchenko","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.4004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.4004","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines uranium ore manifestations, mining and associated radon emanation potential from the point of view of radiation hazard to the environment in the region of the Ukrainian Shield and its slopes, namely within the Central Ukrainian Uranium Province. The maximum amount of radon is established in the geodynamically active zones in overlapping rocks associated with new tectonic anomalies in parent rocks. Most hazardous are areas where new tectonic activation zones and uranium ore manifestations occur relatively close to the surface. The approach towards ‘radon-prone areas’ in accordance with the European Basic Safety Standards is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121432131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of performed rescue operations during previous nuclear and radiation accidents highlights several problems impacting the quality of emergency response: unsatisfactory preparation of the population and the medical profession for action in extreme circumstances; presence, along with pure radiation damage, of varied spectrum of psychological side effects. According to the authors, in order to reduce the health risk for the affected people, preliminary preparation and training is required. This publication presents a training concept, together with related levels and means of realization.
{"title":"Preparation of the Population and the Healthcare System for Action in Cases of Radiation Accidents and Nuclear Terrorism","authors":"J. Djounova, Ludmil Hadjiiski, N. Chobanova","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.2410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.2410","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of performed rescue operations during previous nuclear and radiation accidents highlights several problems impacting the quality of emergency response: unsatisfactory preparation of the population and the medical profession for action in extreme circumstances; presence, along with pure radiation damage, of varied spectrum of psychological side effects. According to the authors, in order to reduce the health risk for the affected people, preliminary preparation and training is required. This publication presents a training concept, together with related levels and means of realization.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121562091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a model of air power and describes its major components. Based on a brief historical overview and assessment of current security and technological trends, the author concludes that airpower continues to be an important ingredient of military potential and state power – a conclusion that is just as valid for small countries, as it is for leading global powers.
{"title":"Examining Air Power as a Component of State Power","authors":"Dimitar Nedialkov","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.2105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.2105","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a model of air power and describes its major components. Based on a brief historical overview and assessment of current security and technological trends, the author concludes that airpower continues to be an important ingredient of military potential and state power – a conclusion that is just as valid for small countries, as it is for leading global powers.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126400663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homeland security remains a vague notion in the Russian understand- ing, but essentially refers to the safeguard of key national interests, the struggle against global threats, with a strong focus on international terrorism, and eventually the fight against transnational organized crime. Homeland security tasks are usually performed in the Russian Federation by several security agencies distributed among three different ministries, i.e. the Interior Ministry, the MOD, and the Ministry for Civil Emergencies (EMERCOM). However, this trilateral structure is perhaps not sufficient to ensure concrete results in Russia's attempts to fight against organized crime. Although having repeatedly stated the need to re-establish the rule of law, the current Russian government appears to deal with oligarchs in a discretionary way. It would therefore be rather utopian to expect any real improvement without a radical change of attitude from the top leadership. Russian approach towards homeland security is rather close to the European standards in terms of structural implementation, but much closer to the U.S. approach in terms of response and the preference for the use of force. The analysis of Russia's security concepts demon- strates that security threats to the country are assessed as having clearly increased in the last ten years. A gloomier worldview combined with a reduced influence on the international scene obviously calls for more assertive security documents. In the same logic, the Russian perception advocates force as the preferred solution to deal with asymmetric threats, such as international terrorism. This became even more apparent in the wake of the 11 September attacks on the United States and the re- newed strategic partnership between Moscow and Washington. The recognition of Russia's key role in the fight against international terrorism did indeed bring Russia back into the Western security community. On the Russian side, the Russian leader- ship soon understood that Russia was too weak to counter these new threats on its own and would lose any prospective benefit by openly confronting the West.
{"title":"Homeland Security and the Russian Approach","authors":"Lionel Ponsard","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.1704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.1704","url":null,"abstract":"Homeland security remains a vague notion in the Russian understand- ing, but essentially refers to the safeguard of key national interests, the struggle against global threats, with a strong focus on international terrorism, and eventually the fight against transnational organized crime. Homeland security tasks are usually performed in the Russian Federation by several security agencies distributed among three different ministries, i.e. the Interior Ministry, the MOD, and the Ministry for Civil Emergencies (EMERCOM). However, this trilateral structure is perhaps not sufficient to ensure concrete results in Russia's attempts to fight against organized crime. Although having repeatedly stated the need to re-establish the rule of law, the current Russian government appears to deal with oligarchs in a discretionary way. It would therefore be rather utopian to expect any real improvement without a radical change of attitude from the top leadership. Russian approach towards homeland security is rather close to the European standards in terms of structural implementation, but much closer to the U.S. approach in terms of response and the preference for the use of force. The analysis of Russia's security concepts demon- strates that security threats to the country are assessed as having clearly increased in the last ten years. A gloomier worldview combined with a reduced influence on the international scene obviously calls for more assertive security documents. In the same logic, the Russian perception advocates force as the preferred solution to deal with asymmetric threats, such as international terrorism. This became even more apparent in the wake of the 11 September attacks on the United States and the re- newed strategic partnership between Moscow and Washington. The recognition of Russia's key role in the fight against international terrorism did indeed bring Russia back into the Western security community. On the Russian side, the Russian leader- ship soon understood that Russia was too weak to counter these new threats on its own and would lose any prospective benefit by openly confronting the West.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122341506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bulgaria started a radical defense reform aimed at adapting the role of the military factor in the national security system and developing modern armed forces. The defense reform reflects national strategic priorities, changes in the regional security environment, and resource constraints. In this regard, of great importance is the development and implementation of the an adequate system for defense resource management in the Ministry of Defense and the armed forces for the achievement of long-term objectives under forecasted resource constraints.
{"title":"Information Support for Effective Resource Management","authors":"D. Totev, Bisserka Boudinova","doi":"10.11610/ISIJ.0612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11610/ISIJ.0612","url":null,"abstract":"Bulgaria started a radical defense reform aimed at adapting the role of the military factor in the national security system and developing modern armed forces. The defense reform reflects national strategic priorities, changes in the regional security environment, and resource constraints. In this regard, of great importance is the development and implementation of the an adequate system for defense resource management in the Ministry of Defense and the armed forces for the achievement of long-term objectives under forecasted resource constraints.","PeriodicalId":159156,"journal":{"name":"Information & Security: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125739020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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