A. Noman, Jannatul Efte Ekra, Rima Islam Meem, S. Islam, Fariha Sharzana, S. Islam, Samiron Sana, Niaz Mahmud, M. Kabir, Abdullah Al Mahedi, Taufique Joarder
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to outline the genomic and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Asian countries as well as the diagnosis, treatments, and prevention approaches undertaken by these countries to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/Methodology/Approach: We searched electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus as well as various national and international COVID-19 websites, WHO databases, and electronic media. Total 63 articles were selected from databases and 34 articles from various other sources.Findings: Scientists observed genomic variations including common mutations in ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF3a, and S genes, while several unique mutations exist in most isolates from these countries. Demographic analysis showed that the majority of the infected individuals were male and younger adults (20 to 40 years). India had both the highest number of deaths and incidents while Afghanistan had the highest fatality rate (4.37%). Various molecular assay (rRT-PCR), antigen, and antibody-based assays have been developed to facilitate early screening due to the unavailability of any effective treatments. Although every country tried to undertake imperative preventive measures along with vaccination drives, many of them still face grave repercussions due to scarcity of health facilities, under-developed infrastructures, and improvident government policies. Originality/value: To our knowledge, this is the first review appraising various features of the virus and the disease that persists in South Asia, and actions undertaken by authorities of the countries. This review will facilitate timely interventions for future novel outbreaks in the region.
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic in South Asia: A Comprehensive Review of the Genomic Variations, Epidemiological Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Preventive Schemes","authors":"A. Noman, Jannatul Efte Ekra, Rima Islam Meem, S. Islam, Fariha Sharzana, S. Islam, Samiron Sana, Niaz Mahmud, M. Kabir, Abdullah Al Mahedi, Taufique Joarder","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/q4ezg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q4ezg","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to outline the genomic and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Asian countries as well as the diagnosis, treatments, and prevention approaches undertaken by these countries to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/Methodology/Approach: We searched electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus as well as various national and international COVID-19 websites, WHO databases, and electronic media. Total 63 articles were selected from databases and 34 articles from various other sources.Findings: Scientists observed genomic variations including common mutations in ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF3a, and S genes, while several unique mutations exist in most isolates from these countries. Demographic analysis showed that the majority of the infected individuals were male and younger adults (20 to 40 years). India had both the highest number of deaths and incidents while Afghanistan had the highest fatality rate (4.37%). Various molecular assay (rRT-PCR), antigen, and antibody-based assays have been developed to facilitate early screening due to the unavailability of any effective treatments. Although every country tried to undertake imperative preventive measures along with vaccination drives, many of them still face grave repercussions due to scarcity of health facilities, under-developed infrastructures, and improvident government policies. Originality/value: To our knowledge, this is the first review appraising various features of the virus and the disease that persists in South Asia, and actions undertaken by authorities of the countries. This review will facilitate timely interventions for future novel outbreaks in the region.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.1108/jhr-02-2021-0121
Supalak Phonphithak, N. Hiransuthikul, P. Sherer, Sasithorn Bureechai
PurposeThis aim of this study was to explore the experiences of stigmatization and coping mechanisms during pregnancy among pregnant women who are living with HIV in Thailand. The secondary objective was to determine factors contributing to stigma during motherhood among HIV-infected women as well as explore how they cope with the discrimination from society.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews to obtain different versions of stigmatized experience from 16 pregnant women living with HIV on stigmatization and coping mechanisms. There were 5 pregnant adolescents living with HIV and 11 adult pregnant women living with HIV. The content analysis was used to examine patterns of stigmatizations and attributed factors.FindingsPersonal stigma was found among pregnant women living with HIV regardless of age. HIV status disclosure was the crucial barrier of accessing to care for people experiencing stigmatizations. Personal stigma associated with higher HIV status was not disclosed. Interestingly, all teenage mothers who participated in this study disclosed their HIV-status to their family. People who have social support especially from family and significant others are found to be able to cope and get through the difficulties better than those who lack those social support.Originality/valueThis study yields outcomes similar to several other studies that have been conducted either in Thailand or other countries. This study found that family support was crucial in reducing HIV stigma. Furthermore, HIV-infected pregnant female adults were more afraid to disclose their HIV status to their husbands, other family members and their work colleagues.
{"title":"A qualitative study of the stigmatization and coping mechanisms among pregnant teenagers living with HIV in Thailand","authors":"Supalak Phonphithak, N. Hiransuthikul, P. Sherer, Sasithorn Bureechai","doi":"10.1108/jhr-02-2021-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-02-2021-0121","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis aim of this study was to explore the experiences of stigmatization and coping mechanisms during pregnancy among pregnant women who are living with HIV in Thailand. The secondary objective was to determine factors contributing to stigma during motherhood among HIV-infected women as well as explore how they cope with the discrimination from society.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews to obtain different versions of stigmatized experience from 16 pregnant women living with HIV on stigmatization and coping mechanisms. There were 5 pregnant adolescents living with HIV and 11 adult pregnant women living with HIV. The content analysis was used to examine patterns of stigmatizations and attributed factors.FindingsPersonal stigma was found among pregnant women living with HIV regardless of age. HIV status disclosure was the crucial barrier of accessing to care for people experiencing stigmatizations. Personal stigma associated with higher HIV status was not disclosed. Interestingly, all teenage mothers who participated in this study disclosed their HIV-status to their family. People who have social support especially from family and significant others are found to be able to cope and get through the difficulties better than those who lack those social support.Originality/valueThis study yields outcomes similar to several other studies that have been conducted either in Thailand or other countries. This study found that family support was crucial in reducing HIV stigma. Furthermore, HIV-infected pregnant female adults were more afraid to disclose their HIV status to their husbands, other family members and their work colleagues.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1108/jhr-12-2020-0657
Jintana Sarayuthpitak, Sarinya Rodpipat, S. Ekgasit, Dean M. Ravizza
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of oral hygiene promoting program (OHPP) using a smartphone endomicroscope among students in elementary schools in Bangkok, Thailand, to enable their oral hygiene maintenance and to compare oral health outcomes in the intervention program between the experimental and control groups.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quasi-experimental research study consisting of two groups, a pretest, a posttest and a follow-up design. The student sample consisted of 59 fifth graders who matched the study criteria on medium and low levels of teeth brushing skills. There were 29 experimental group participants who completed the six-week OHPP using a smartphone endomicroscope. Another 30 participants formed the control group involved in the ordinary oral health education program. The comparison data for oral health behaviors (knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP)) and oral hygiene were statistically analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).FindingsResults indicated that the experimental group exhibited higher oral health behaviors regarding KAPs and oral hygiene related to teeth cleanliness and gum health than the control group in the postexperimental and follow-up phases. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to tongue cleanliness.Originality/valueThe students maintain their own oral hygiene due to a provision of activities related to KAP concerns. The instrument helped the students to find tooth decay and dental plaque associated with teeth cleanliness after brushing their teeth.
目的利用智能手机内镜检查泰国曼谷小学生口腔卫生促进计划(OHPP)的有效性，帮助他们保持口腔卫生，并比较实验组和对照组在干预计划下的口腔健康结果。设计/方法/方法这是一项准实验研究，包括两组，前测，后测和随访设计。学生样本包括59名五年级学生，他们符合中等和低水平刷牙技能的研究标准。29名实验组参与者使用智能手机内窥镜完成了为期六周的OHPP。另外30名参与者组成对照组，参与普通口腔健康教育项目。口腔健康行为(knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP)与口腔卫生的比较数据采用多变量方差分析(MANOVA)进行统计学分析。结果发现，实验组在实验后和随访阶段的口腔卫生行为和口腔卫生行为均高于对照组。然而，两组在舌头清洁度方面没有统计学上的显著差异。独创性/价值由于提供与KAP相关的活动，学生保持自己的口腔卫生。该仪器帮助学生在刷牙后发现与牙齿清洁有关的蛀牙和牙菌斑。
{"title":"Effectiveness of an oral hygiene promoting program for elementary school students using a smartphone endomicroscope in Thailand","authors":"Jintana Sarayuthpitak, Sarinya Rodpipat, S. Ekgasit, Dean M. Ravizza","doi":"10.1108/jhr-12-2020-0657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-12-2020-0657","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of oral hygiene promoting program (OHPP) using a smartphone endomicroscope among students in elementary schools in Bangkok, Thailand, to enable their oral hygiene maintenance and to compare oral health outcomes in the intervention program between the experimental and control groups.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quasi-experimental research study consisting of two groups, a pretest, a posttest and a follow-up design. The student sample consisted of 59 fifth graders who matched the study criteria on medium and low levels of teeth brushing skills. There were 29 experimental group participants who completed the six-week OHPP using a smartphone endomicroscope. Another 30 participants formed the control group involved in the ordinary oral health education program. The comparison data for oral health behaviors (knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP)) and oral hygiene were statistically analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).FindingsResults indicated that the experimental group exhibited higher oral health behaviors regarding KAPs and oral hygiene related to teeth cleanliness and gum health than the control group in the postexperimental and follow-up phases. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to tongue cleanliness.Originality/valueThe students maintain their own oral hygiene due to a provision of activities related to KAP concerns. The instrument helped the students to find tooth decay and dental plaque associated with teeth cleanliness after brushing their teeth.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46944962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1108/jhr-03-2021-0179
Xiaoyun Zhou, M. Bambling, S. Edirippulige
PurposeEating disorders (EDs) is a major health condition affecting 9% of the global population and 10% of those with EDs lost their lives as a result. Text-based telehealth interventions (TTIs) seem to provide a low-cost and convenient treatment option; however, the evidence is scarce. This study aimed to synthesize evidence relating to the use of TTIs for the management of EDs.Design/methodology/approachFive databases were searched published between January 2020 and May 2019. The authors used keywords relating to telehealth and EDs. The authors used Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) critical appraisal instrument to assess the methodology quality of included studies.FindingsFifteen studies were included in this mix-method systematic review and assessed for methodology quality. Email, web-based texting, text-messaging and online chat room were used as mode for deliver healthcare for patients with EDs. In the treatment phase, all studies (nine studies; n = 860 participants) showed effectiveness (for RCTs) and usefulness (for non-RCT studies). In the aftercare phase (six studies; n = 364 participants), the results regarding the effectiveness of TTIs were mixed. Two studies showed effectiveness whilst four studies did not find statistically significant change of ED outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe qualities of these studies varied; firstly, 66% (n = 10) of the studies were non-randomized studies (e.g. single-arm trial, case report) with small samples. Moreover, one-fourth (n = 4) of the studies did not use validated instruments or indicate the instrument. Also, half (n = 7) of the studies used TTIs as adjunct to face-to-face treatment or bigger online treatment, it is hard to make conclusion that the changes were due to TTIs' effect. In addition, follow-up rate is not satisfactory, thus results should be interpreted cautiously.Practical implicationsTTIs seem to be promising for management of EDs, particularly in the treatment phase. This provides an important treatment option for health practitioners and people with EDs as an alternative or in adjunct with face-to-face services.Originality/valueThis is the first review to synthesis the use of TTIs for ED management.
{"title":"A mixed-method systematic review of text-based telehealth interventions in eating disorder management","authors":"Xiaoyun Zhou, M. Bambling, S. Edirippulige","doi":"10.1108/jhr-03-2021-0179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-03-2021-0179","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeEating disorders (EDs) is a major health condition affecting 9% of the global population and 10% of those with EDs lost their lives as a result. Text-based telehealth interventions (TTIs) seem to provide a low-cost and convenient treatment option; however, the evidence is scarce. This study aimed to synthesize evidence relating to the use of TTIs for the management of EDs.Design/methodology/approachFive databases were searched published between January 2020 and May 2019. The authors used keywords relating to telehealth and EDs. The authors used Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) critical appraisal instrument to assess the methodology quality of included studies.FindingsFifteen studies were included in this mix-method systematic review and assessed for methodology quality. Email, web-based texting, text-messaging and online chat room were used as mode for deliver healthcare for patients with EDs. In the treatment phase, all studies (nine studies; n = 860 participants) showed effectiveness (for RCTs) and usefulness (for non-RCT studies). In the aftercare phase (six studies; n = 364 participants), the results regarding the effectiveness of TTIs were mixed. Two studies showed effectiveness whilst four studies did not find statistically significant change of ED outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe qualities of these studies varied; firstly, 66% (n = 10) of the studies were non-randomized studies (e.g. single-arm trial, case report) with small samples. Moreover, one-fourth (n = 4) of the studies did not use validated instruments or indicate the instrument. Also, half (n = 7) of the studies used TTIs as adjunct to face-to-face treatment or bigger online treatment, it is hard to make conclusion that the changes were due to TTIs' effect. In addition, follow-up rate is not satisfactory, thus results should be interpreted cautiously.Practical implicationsTTIs seem to be promising for management of EDs, particularly in the treatment phase. This provides an important treatment option for health practitioners and people with EDs as an alternative or in adjunct with face-to-face services.Originality/valueThis is the first review to synthesis the use of TTIs for ED management.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.1108/jhr-05-2021-0280
Ayşegül Yıldız, S. Şahan
PurposeThis study aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy used in reducing the pain caused by fistula puncture in hemodialysis patients.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the effect of aromatherapy application on fistula puncture was analyzed and carried out by scanning the relevant literature. The literature review was conducted between August and October 2020. While reviewing the literature, the authors used “aromatherapy,” “pain,” “fistula,” “puncture,” “hemodialysis” keywords and various combinations of these; moreover, Google scientist, Pubmed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Medline and Ovid databases and studies, which were conducted in the last 10 years were reviewed. As a result of the literature review, 1183 studies were reached and seven of them were included in the study by taking the inclusion criteria into account.FindingsThe randomized controlled studies are six studies and nonrandomized controlled experimental 1 study were added to the scope of the study and seven studies were included in the sample. In these studies, personal information forms developed by the researchers as data collection tools and the VAS scale, Numerical pain rating, the numeric rating scale were used to evaluate pain.Practical implicationsIt has been determined that aromatherapy application in hemodialysis patients has positive effects on reducing pain due to puncture fistula intervention.Originality/valueThis study provides reduction or elimination of fistula needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients.
目的探讨芳香疗法在缓解血液透析患者瘘管穿刺疼痛中的作用。设计/方法学/方法在本研究中，通过扫描相关文献，分析芳香疗法应用对瘘管穿刺的影响。文献综述于2020年8月至10月进行。在回顾文献时，作者使用了“芳香疗法”、“疼痛”、“瘘管”、“穿刺”、“血液透析”等关键词及其各种组合;并对b谷歌scientist、Pubmed、Cochrane、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、Medline、Ovid等近10年的数据库和研究进行了综述。通过文献综述，共纳入1183项研究，其中7项研究根据纳入标准纳入本研究。结果随机对照研究为6项研究，非随机对照实验为1项研究，样本为7项研究。在这些研究中，研究者开发的个人信息表格作为数据收集工具，并使用VAS量表，数值疼痛评分，数值评定量表来评估疼痛。实践意义芳香疗法在血液透析患者中的应用对减轻穿刺瘘介入引起的疼痛有积极的作用。独创性/价值本研究减少或消除了血液透析患者的瘘针插入疼痛。
{"title":"Effect of aromatherapy on the pain of arteriovenous fistula puncture in patients on hemodialysis: a systematic review","authors":"Ayşegül Yıldız, S. Şahan","doi":"10.1108/jhr-05-2021-0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-05-2021-0280","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy used in reducing the pain caused by fistula puncture in hemodialysis patients.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the effect of aromatherapy application on fistula puncture was analyzed and carried out by scanning the relevant literature. The literature review was conducted between August and October 2020. While reviewing the literature, the authors used “aromatherapy,” “pain,” “fistula,” “puncture,” “hemodialysis” keywords and various combinations of these; moreover, Google scientist, Pubmed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Medline and Ovid databases and studies, which were conducted in the last 10 years were reviewed. As a result of the literature review, 1183 studies were reached and seven of them were included in the study by taking the inclusion criteria into account.FindingsThe randomized controlled studies are six studies and nonrandomized controlled experimental 1 study were added to the scope of the study and seven studies were included in the sample. In these studies, personal information forms developed by the researchers as data collection tools and the VAS scale, Numerical pain rating, the numeric rating scale were used to evaluate pain.Practical implicationsIt has been determined that aromatherapy application in hemodialysis patients has positive effects on reducing pain due to puncture fistula intervention.Originality/valueThis study provides reduction or elimination of fistula needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46334570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.1108/JHR-03-2021-0186
Gary W. Reinbold
PurposeThis study seeks to determine the effects of stay-at-home orders in Spring 2020 on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Central USA by comparing counties and health service areas that were and that were not subject to statewide orders.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimates the effects of statewide stay-at-home orders on new COVID-19 cases and deaths within 19 central states, of which 14 had stay-at-home orders. It uses synthetic control analysis and nearest neighbor matching to estimate the effects at two geographic levels: counties and health service areas.FindingsStatewide stay-at-home orders significantly reduced the number of new COVID-19 cases in the Central USA starting about three weeks after their effective dates; during the fourth week after their effective dates, the orders reduced the number of new cases per capita by 31%–57%. Statewide stay-at-home orders did not reduce the number of new COVID-19 deaths in the Central USA.Social implicationsThe main purpose of stay-at-home orders in Spring 2020 was to “flatten the curve” so that hospitalizations would not exceed capacity. It is likely that stay-at-home orders in the Central USA reduced hospitalizations to some extent, although the effect on hospitalizations was likely smaller than the effect on cases.Originality/valueThis is the first study of stay-at-home orders in the USA to limit the population to a group of interior states. All coastal states had statewide stay-at-home orders and comparing coastal states with orders to interior states without them may be problematic.
{"title":"Effects of statewide stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the central USA","authors":"Gary W. Reinbold","doi":"10.1108/JHR-03-2021-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-03-2021-0186","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study seeks to determine the effects of stay-at-home orders in Spring 2020 on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Central USA by comparing counties and health service areas that were and that were not subject to statewide orders.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimates the effects of statewide stay-at-home orders on new COVID-19 cases and deaths within 19 central states, of which 14 had stay-at-home orders. It uses synthetic control analysis and nearest neighbor matching to estimate the effects at two geographic levels: counties and health service areas.FindingsStatewide stay-at-home orders significantly reduced the number of new COVID-19 cases in the Central USA starting about three weeks after their effective dates; during the fourth week after their effective dates, the orders reduced the number of new cases per capita by 31%–57%. Statewide stay-at-home orders did not reduce the number of new COVID-19 deaths in the Central USA.Social implicationsThe main purpose of stay-at-home orders in Spring 2020 was to “flatten the curve” so that hospitalizations would not exceed capacity. It is likely that stay-at-home orders in the Central USA reduced hospitalizations to some extent, although the effect on hospitalizations was likely smaller than the effect on cases.Originality/valueThis is the first study of stay-at-home orders in the USA to limit the population to a group of interior states. All coastal states had statewide stay-at-home orders and comparing coastal states with orders to interior states without them may be problematic.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41313892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.1108/JHR-01-2021-0015
R. Sutan, Kamilah Muhammad Amir, A. Tamil
PurposeThis study aims to determine the prevalence of overall and work, transport and leisure domain physical activity (PA) and their associated factors among Malaysian university undergraduates.Design/methodology/approachThis is an online cross-sectional study, which gathered data on sociodemographic parameters, PA and body image. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect data on PA while Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) for body image constructs. Three faculties were chosen through stratified random sampling where all its undergraduates were invited. A total of 898 students responded, of which 718 were accepted for analysis.FindingsPrevalence of overall work, transport and leisure domain PA among the students was 82.2%, 47.8%, 36.1% and 51.4% respectively. Overall PA was associated with male students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.182–2.865); work PA was associated with the Malay race (AOR: 1.728, 95% CI: 1.240–2.409) and having part-time jobs (AOR: 3.098, 95% CI: 1.680–5.714); transport PA was associated with medical faculty (AOR: 1.677, 95% CI: 1.214–2.317) and leisure PA was associated with male students (AOR: 3.836, 95% CI: 2.746–5.360) and high overweight preoccupation (AOR: 1.486, 95% CI: 1.089–2.028).Research limitations/implicationsSelf-reported variables may be subjected to overestimation and bias.Practical implicationsDistributions of PA and its associated factors may be used as guidance for health promotions catering to university students.Social implicationsFactors affecting PA among the youth are correlated with social life events.Originality/valueFocus on domain-specific PA in association with body image measures may add values to existing PA studies, which is lacking in Malaysia.
{"title":"Sociodemographic and body image measures associated with overall and domain-specific physical activity among a group of Malaysian university undergraduates","authors":"R. Sutan, Kamilah Muhammad Amir, A. Tamil","doi":"10.1108/JHR-01-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-01-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to determine the prevalence of overall and work, transport and leisure domain physical activity (PA) and their associated factors among Malaysian university undergraduates.Design/methodology/approachThis is an online cross-sectional study, which gathered data on sociodemographic parameters, PA and body image. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect data on PA while Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) for body image constructs. Three faculties were chosen through stratified random sampling where all its undergraduates were invited. A total of 898 students responded, of which 718 were accepted for analysis.FindingsPrevalence of overall work, transport and leisure domain PA among the students was 82.2%, 47.8%, 36.1% and 51.4% respectively. Overall PA was associated with male students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.182–2.865); work PA was associated with the Malay race (AOR: 1.728, 95% CI: 1.240–2.409) and having part-time jobs (AOR: 3.098, 95% CI: 1.680–5.714); transport PA was associated with medical faculty (AOR: 1.677, 95% CI: 1.214–2.317) and leisure PA was associated with male students (AOR: 3.836, 95% CI: 2.746–5.360) and high overweight preoccupation (AOR: 1.486, 95% CI: 1.089–2.028).Research limitations/implicationsSelf-reported variables may be subjected to overestimation and bias.Practical implicationsDistributions of PA and its associated factors may be used as guidance for health promotions catering to university students.Social implicationsFactors affecting PA among the youth are correlated with social life events.Originality/valueFocus on domain-specific PA in association with body image measures may add values to existing PA studies, which is lacking in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43278790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1108/JHR-11-2020-0558
Surachai Maninet, Y. Aungsuroch, C. Jitpanya
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and test the causal relationships between alcohol consumption, social support, illness perception, fatigue and functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis. The hypothesized model was developed based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 persons with liver cirrhosis by stratified random sampling. Data were collected at outpatient departments from four public hospitals across three regions in Thailand. Six self-report questionnaires were utilized to collect data from March to August 2020. The developed model was verified via a structural equation modeling analysis.FindingsThe proposed model fit with the empirical data considering from χ2/df = 2.397 (p = 0.061), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.056, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.985, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.981, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.048. The model explained 71.30% of the total variance in functional status. Social support was the most influential factor affecting functional status both directly and indirectly through illness perception. Illness perception had a negative direct effect on functional status and a positive indirect effect on functional status through fatigue. Fatigue had a negative direct effect on functional status. Alcohol consumption was found as the lowest influential factor affecting functional status.Originality/valueThis is the first study that explores the characteristics of functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis comprehensively. A causal relationship among various variables found in this study would shed light as important fundamental data for developing interventions to enhance functional status among this population.
{"title":"A causal model of functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis from four public hospitals in Thailand","authors":"Surachai Maninet, Y. Aungsuroch, C. Jitpanya","doi":"10.1108/JHR-11-2020-0558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-11-2020-0558","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and test the causal relationships between alcohol consumption, social support, illness perception, fatigue and functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis. The hypothesized model was developed based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 persons with liver cirrhosis by stratified random sampling. Data were collected at outpatient departments from four public hospitals across three regions in Thailand. Six self-report questionnaires were utilized to collect data from March to August 2020. The developed model was verified via a structural equation modeling analysis.FindingsThe proposed model fit with the empirical data considering from χ2/df = 2.397 (p = 0.061), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.056, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.985, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.981, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.048. The model explained 71.30% of the total variance in functional status. Social support was the most influential factor affecting functional status both directly and indirectly through illness perception. Illness perception had a negative direct effect on functional status and a positive indirect effect on functional status through fatigue. Fatigue had a negative direct effect on functional status. Alcohol consumption was found as the lowest influential factor affecting functional status.Originality/valueThis is the first study that explores the characteristics of functional status among persons with liver cirrhosis comprehensively. A causal relationship among various variables found in this study would shed light as important fundamental data for developing interventions to enhance functional status among this population.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45545422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.1108/jhr-07-2020-0282
M. H. Meitei, H. Singh
PurposeThe paper aims to analyze the coverage of health insurance and its correlates in the north-eastern region of India.Design/methodology/approachThe study accessed the raw data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) (2015–16), which was an extensive, multiround survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India, which included socioeconomic, demographic and information on coverage of health insurance of any member of the household. The multivariate analysis of logistic regression was adopted to find the correlates of health insurance for all the eight (8) north-eastern states of India.FindingsThe results observed that among the north-eastern states, the coverage of health insurance was highest in Arunachal Pradesh (59%) followed by Tripura (58%), Mizoram (47%) surpassing the all India level of 27%, whereas the lowest was in Manipur (4%) followed by Nagaland (6%) and Assam (10%). The multivariate analysis of logistic regression found that the socioeconomic and demographic factors, households with a bank account and below poverty line (BPL) cardholders played a significant role in the coverage of health insurance in the north-eastern states of India.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses only on the coverage and correlates of health insurance. Further evaluation studies on each scheme of the social health insurance are needed for proper assessment of the health insurance schemes in the region.Practical implicationsThere has been evidence around the world (South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand) that health insurance could be a protective shield from the entrapment into poverty due to high health expenditure. The NFHS-4 put up the finding that in the north-eastern part of India, the coverage of health insurance had been low. This implied that the region could fall into poverty due to high medical expenses on health. Taking account of multiple health insurance providers, risk pooling and consolidation of health insurance providers have become the need of the hour.Originality/valueThe study is different from other studies of health insurance since it covered all the eight (8) north-eastern states of India, which are ethnically, culturally and historically distinct from the rest of India in general and within the region and states in particular and examines the impact of each of the independent variables with the dependent variables. The study has shown that the variation in health insurance coverage associated with socioeconomic and other household-level demographic attributes (although not very strong).
{"title":"Coverage and correlates of health insurance in the north-eastern states of India","authors":"M. H. Meitei, H. Singh","doi":"10.1108/jhr-07-2020-0282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-07-2020-0282","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe paper aims to analyze the coverage of health insurance and its correlates in the north-eastern region of India.Design/methodology/approachThe study accessed the raw data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) (2015–16), which was an extensive, multiround survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India, which included socioeconomic, demographic and information on coverage of health insurance of any member of the household. The multivariate analysis of logistic regression was adopted to find the correlates of health insurance for all the eight (8) north-eastern states of India.FindingsThe results observed that among the north-eastern states, the coverage of health insurance was highest in Arunachal Pradesh (59%) followed by Tripura (58%), Mizoram (47%) surpassing the all India level of 27%, whereas the lowest was in Manipur (4%) followed by Nagaland (6%) and Assam (10%). The multivariate analysis of logistic regression found that the socioeconomic and demographic factors, households with a bank account and below poverty line (BPL) cardholders played a significant role in the coverage of health insurance in the north-eastern states of India.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses only on the coverage and correlates of health insurance. Further evaluation studies on each scheme of the social health insurance are needed for proper assessment of the health insurance schemes in the region.Practical implicationsThere has been evidence around the world (South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand) that health insurance could be a protective shield from the entrapment into poverty due to high health expenditure. The NFHS-4 put up the finding that in the north-eastern part of India, the coverage of health insurance had been low. This implied that the region could fall into poverty due to high medical expenses on health. Taking account of multiple health insurance providers, risk pooling and consolidation of health insurance providers have become the need of the hour.Originality/valueThe study is different from other studies of health insurance since it covered all the eight (8) north-eastern states of India, which are ethnically, culturally and historically distinct from the rest of India in general and within the region and states in particular and examines the impact of each of the independent variables with the dependent variables. The study has shown that the variation in health insurance coverage associated with socioeconomic and other household-level demographic attributes (although not very strong).","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48851566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1108/jhr-08-2020-0332
Chin Mun Wong, M. R. Hassan, R. Hod, S. W. Puteh, S. Bakar
PurposeThis study aims to validate the English version of a WHO-adapted questionnaire: Zika infection awareness/knowledge questionnaire using a unique dual-approach validation model.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional pilot study of 30 adult respondents in Malaysia completed the self-administered questionnaire on knowledge and perception to Zika infection. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of SPSS and Rasch partial credit. Reliability is tested using pKR20 and Cronbach’s alpha.FindingsKnowledge construct was unidimensional, good model fit, easy to endorse and well discriminative. Five-rating Likert scale for perception domain was appropriate. Knowledge domain should be separated into 6 level of difficulties. Perception domain should remain as one construct. Knowledge domain was highly reliability (pKR20 = 0.96), perception domain was fairly reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.641). Respondent's ability to answer knowledge domain and perception domain were separated into 3 and 4 levels.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample size may affect factor analysis.Practical implicationsThe questionnaire has good psychometric properties to measure the knowledge and perception of Zika infection among Malaysian community.Social implicationsThe questionnaire helped to gauge knowledge and perception of the general community in Malaysia to aid preparation of health education tool for Zika infection.Originality/valueThis paper validated questionnaire with two biostatistical software programs in bidirectional approach – items difficulty and respondents' ability – is the first field test of WHO questionnaire among general population in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"A tale of dual-approach construct validation and reliability testing for a Zika infection awareness knowledge questionnaire","authors":"Chin Mun Wong, M. R. Hassan, R. Hod, S. W. Puteh, S. Bakar","doi":"10.1108/jhr-08-2020-0332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhr-08-2020-0332","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to validate the English version of a WHO-adapted questionnaire: Zika infection awareness/knowledge questionnaire using a unique dual-approach validation model.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional pilot study of 30 adult respondents in Malaysia completed the self-administered questionnaire on knowledge and perception to Zika infection. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of SPSS and Rasch partial credit. Reliability is tested using pKR20 and Cronbach’s alpha.FindingsKnowledge construct was unidimensional, good model fit, easy to endorse and well discriminative. Five-rating Likert scale for perception domain was appropriate. Knowledge domain should be separated into 6 level of difficulties. Perception domain should remain as one construct. Knowledge domain was highly reliability (pKR20 = 0.96), perception domain was fairly reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.641). Respondent's ability to answer knowledge domain and perception domain were separated into 3 and 4 levels.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample size may affect factor analysis.Practical implicationsThe questionnaire has good psychometric properties to measure the knowledge and perception of Zika infection among Malaysian community.Social implicationsThe questionnaire helped to gauge knowledge and perception of the general community in Malaysia to aid preparation of health education tool for Zika infection.Originality/valueThis paper validated questionnaire with two biostatistical software programs in bidirectional approach – items difficulty and respondents' ability – is the first field test of WHO questionnaire among general population in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":15935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46590464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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