Vitiligo is a common skin disorder where melanocytes, the cells that produce skin pigment, are destroyed by the immune system, leading to white patches on the skin and mucous membranes. This condition affects 0.4% to 2.0% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in females and often beginning in childhood. In India, about 1% of the population is affected, particularly in northern regions, with a higher incidence in females and links to other autoimmune diseases. This review examines recent progress in understanding vitiligo and its treatment. It focuses on the genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors involved in the disease and highlights new therapies, such as targeted molecular treatments and advanced repigmentation methods. Current research shows that oxidative stress and genetic predispositions contribute to the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Novel drug delivery systems, including liposomes, nanoemulsions, and nanostructured lipid carriers, have improved treatment effectiveness. Clinical trials are exploring new treatments like Ruxolitinib cream and melanocyte transplantation, while teledermatology is becoming useful for managing patients. Vitiligo also poses a significant economic burden due to its impact on patients' quality of life. Continued research is essential to develop better, more accessible treatments and reduce the economic impact of vitiligo.
{"title":"Emerging therapies and innovations in vitiligo management: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Manjusha Bhange, Sachin Kothawade, Darshan Telange, Vijaya Padwal","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2412528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2024.2412528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitiligo is a common skin disorder where melanocytes, the cells that produce skin pigment, are destroyed by the immune system, leading to white patches on the skin and mucous membranes. This condition affects 0.4% to 2.0% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in females and often beginning in childhood. In India, about 1% of the population is affected, particularly in northern regions, with a higher incidence in females and links to other autoimmune diseases. This review examines recent progress in understanding vitiligo and its treatment. It focuses on the genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors involved in the disease and highlights new therapies, such as targeted molecular treatments and advanced repigmentation methods. Current research shows that oxidative stress and genetic predispositions contribute to the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Novel drug delivery systems, including liposomes, nanoemulsions, and nanostructured lipid carriers, have improved treatment effectiveness. Clinical trials are exploring new treatments like Ruxolitinib cream and melanocyte transplantation, while teledermatology is becoming useful for managing patients. Vitiligo also poses a significant economic burden due to its impact on patients' quality of life. Continued research is essential to develop better, more accessible treatments and reduce the economic impact of vitiligo.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02Epub Date: 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2384581
Mahboube Farbarin, Hoorieh Soleimanjahi, Bita Bakhshi, Zeinab Nasiri, Kamal Fakhredini
Background: Overall, 20-30% of all cancers are estimated to be linked to infectious agents. Polyomaviruses are oncogenic cause in rodent models, readily transform their cells, and cause chromosomal instability in animal and human cells in-vitro. Some reports have indicated the presence of JCPyV and BKPyV in some human tumors. The JCPyV and BKPyV genome encodes some transforming proteins such as LT-Ag. Thus, these viruses could cause or promote some neoplasia, such as lymphomas, pancreatic, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Risk factors for developing CRC are associated with personal features or habits, such as age, lifestyle, and gut microbiota.
Materials and methods: In this study, we examined the prevalence of JCPyV and BKPyV in the 23 fecal samples of CRC patients and 24 healthy samples (control group). Virus DNA was extracted by a Favorgen DNA extraction kit. The large T antigen of JCPyV and VP1 of BKPyV were investigated by optimized multiplex PCR.
Results: One of the samples was positive for the JCPyV (4.3%), while in the samples of healthy individuals, the JCPyV was negative. Also, positive results for BKPyV PCR were obtained for five cases (21.7%) in the samples of the CRC group and one case (4.1%) in healthy individuals.
Conclusion: The result showed no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and polyomavirus infections in CRC development. However, the exact role of BKPyV and JCPyV is still controversial and needs further study with larger sample size.
{"title":"Detection of JC and BK polyomaviruses in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by PCR.","authors":"Mahboube Farbarin, Hoorieh Soleimanjahi, Bita Bakhshi, Zeinab Nasiri, Kamal Fakhredini","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2384581","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2384581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overall, 20-30% of all cancers are estimated to be linked to infectious agents. Polyomaviruses are oncogenic cause in rodent models, readily transform their cells, and cause chromosomal instability in animal and human cells in-vitro. Some reports have indicated the presence of JCPyV and BKPyV in some human tumors. The JCPyV and BKPyV genome encodes some transforming proteins such as LT-Ag. Thus, these viruses could cause or promote some neoplasia, such as lymphomas, pancreatic, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Risk factors for developing CRC are associated with personal features or habits, such as age, lifestyle, and gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, we examined the prevalence of JCPyV and BKPyV in the 23 fecal samples of CRC patients and 24 healthy samples (control group). Virus DNA was extracted by a Favorgen DNA extraction kit. The large T antigen of JCPyV and VP1 of BKPyV were investigated by optimized multiplex PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One of the samples was positive for the JCPyV (4.3%), while in the samples of healthy individuals, the JCPyV was negative. Also, positive results for BKPyV PCR were obtained for five cases (21.7%) in the samples of the CRC group and one case (4.1%) in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result showed no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and polyomavirus infections in CRC development. However, the exact role of BKPyV and JCPyV is still controversial and needs further study with larger sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2371590
Mohamed Farag Ali Assar, Eman Masoud Abd El Gayed, Amal Salah Abd El-Hamid Ewis, Ahmed B Zaid, Eman Abd Allah Mahmoud Fouda
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease marked by the formation of apoptotic debris and the presence of autoantibodies that target nuclear components. At this moment, the actual cause of SLE is uncertain. Genetic variables have been well proven to have a significant role in the propensity of SLE. This study aimed to investigate the effect of (ZNF76) rs (10947540) and (SCUBE) rs (1888822) gene polymorphism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A case control study has been carried out at Medical Biochemistry & Molecular biology and Rheumatology unit of Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt, for 1-year duration between 1 June 2022 and 1 June 2023. Sixty patients were females (75%) and twenty patients were males (25%). Their ages ranged from 19 to 53 years. Their disease durations ranged from 7 months to 20 years. The findings indicated that the TC genotype of the ZNF76 rs10947540 gene increases the risk of SLE by 2.274-fold, while the dominant TC + CC increases the risk by 2.472-fold, and the C allele increases the risk by 2.115-fold. Additionally, the results showed that the TT genotype of the SCUBE3 rs1888822 gene increases the risk of SLE by 3.702-fold, the dominant GT + TT increases the risk by 2.304-fold, and the T allele increases the risk by 2.089-fold, while the GT genotype increases the risk by 1.918-fold. The study revealed significant associations between the genotypes of these polymorphisms and certain clinical parameters in SLE patients. These findings highlight the potential genetic contributions to SLE susceptibility and its clinical manifestations, providing valuable insights for future research and potential personalized approaches to the management of this complex autoimmune disease.
{"title":"Biochemical study of ZNF76 rs10947540 and SCUBE3 rs1888822 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Egyptian patients with systemic lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Mohamed Farag Ali Assar, Eman Masoud Abd El Gayed, Amal Salah Abd El-Hamid Ewis, Ahmed B Zaid, Eman Abd Allah Mahmoud Fouda","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2371590","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2371590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease marked by the formation of apoptotic debris and the presence of autoantibodies that target nuclear components. At this moment, the actual cause of SLE is uncertain. Genetic variables have been well proven to have a significant role in the propensity of SLE. This study aimed to investigate the effect of <i>(ZNF76) rs (10947540)</i> and <i>(SCUBE) rs (1888822)</i> gene polymorphism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A case control study has been carried out at Medical Biochemistry & Molecular biology and Rheumatology unit of Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt, for 1-year duration between 1 June 2022 and 1 June 2023. Sixty patients were females (75%) and twenty patients were males (25%). Their ages ranged from 19 to 53 years. Their disease durations ranged from 7 months to 20 years. The findings indicated that the TC genotype of the <i>ZNF76</i> rs10947540 gene increases the risk of SLE by 2.274-fold, while the dominant TC + CC increases the risk by 2.472-fold, and the C allele increases the risk by 2.115-fold. Additionally, the results showed that the TT genotype of the <i>SCUBE3</i> rs1888822 gene increases the risk of SLE by 3.702-fold, the dominant GT + TT increases the risk by 2.304-fold, and the T allele increases the risk by 2.089-fold, while the GT genotype increases the risk by 1.918-fold. The study revealed significant associations between the genotypes of these polymorphisms and certain clinical parameters in SLE patients. These findings highlight the potential genetic contributions to SLE susceptibility and its clinical manifestations, providing valuable insights for future research and potential personalized approaches to the management of this complex autoimmune disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02Epub Date: 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2381524
Shaimaa Elsayed Ramadan Genena, Maha A F Hamouda, Norhan M Salama, Enas S Zahran, Asmaa A Abdel Latif, Ashraf A Dawood
Background and objectives: The type I interferon (IFN) signature has been found to be overactivated in many systemic autoimmune diseases. This may be explained by impaired regulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) as well as interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44) expression via their regulatory mechanisms via interferon regulatory factors (IRFs).
Patients and methods: This case-control study includes two groups: 50 RA patients and 50 healthy controls. The quantification of IFI44 and IRF4 expression levels by the real-time PCR technique was estimated. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) was estimated for RA patients only.
Results: Among the RA patients, there were statistically significant increased ESR, CRP, TLC, RF, and anti-CCP levels (p value < 0.001) and significant increased expression of the IFI44 and IRF4 genes (p value < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the IFI44 and IRF4, and there was a significant correlation between both and ESR and anti-CCP among RA patients. At a cutoff point of 1.95, IFI44 shows higher sensitivity and specificity values than IRF4 for the diagnosis of RA.
Conclusion: IFI44 was more sensitive for RA diagnosis than IRF4. IFI44 and IRF4 overexpression could be promising predictors of RA diagnosis and might become useful clinical tools to guide therapeutic strategies.
背景和目的:在许多系统性自身免疫疾病中,I型干扰素(IFN)特征被发现过度激活。这可能是由于干扰素刺激基因(ISGs)以及干扰素诱导蛋白44(IFI44)通过干扰素调节因子(IRFs)的调节机制表达受损所致:这项病例对照研究包括两组:50 名 RA 患者和 50 名健康对照组。采用实时 PCR 技术对 IFI44 和 IRF4 的表达水平进行了量化估计。仅对 RA 患者的疾病活动度评分-28(DAS-28)进行了估计:结果:在 RA 患者中,ESR、CRP、TLC、RF 和抗CCP 水平均有统计学意义的显著增加(p 值 p 值 结论:IFI44 对 RA 患者更敏感:IFI44 对 RA 诊断的敏感性高于 IRF4。IFI44和IRF4的过度表达有可能成为RA诊断的预测指标,并有可能成为指导治疗策略的有用临床工具。
{"title":"Interferon-induced protein 44 (<i>IFI44</i>) and interferon regulatory factor 4 (<i>IRF4</i>) gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Shaimaa Elsayed Ramadan Genena, Maha A F Hamouda, Norhan M Salama, Enas S Zahran, Asmaa A Abdel Latif, Ashraf A Dawood","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2381524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2381524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The type I interferon (IFN) signature has been found to be overactivated in many systemic autoimmune diseases. This may be explained by impaired regulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) as well as interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44) expression via their regulatory mechanisms via interferon regulatory factors (IRFs).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This case-control study includes two groups: 50 RA patients and 50 healthy controls. The quantification of IFI44 and IRF4 expression levels by the real-time PCR technique was estimated. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) was estimated for RA patients only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the RA patients, there were statistically significant increased ESR, CRP, TLC, RF, and anti-CCP levels (<i>p</i> value < 0.001) and significant increased expression of the IFI44 and IRF4 genes (<i>p</i> value < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the IFI44 and IRF4, and there was a significant correlation between both and ESR and anti-CCP among RA patients. At a cutoff point of 1.95, IFI44 shows higher sensitivity and specificity values than IRF4 for the diagnosis of RA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IFI44 was more sensitive for RA diagnosis than IRF4. IFI44 and IRF4 overexpression could be promising predictors of RA diagnosis and might become useful clinical tools to guide therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02Epub Date: 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2383676
Heba A S Bazid, Alaa H Marae, Bassant Farag, Rania Abdallah Abdallah
Background: Alopecia areata (AA), an immune-mediated disorder, is marked by temporary, nonscarring hair loss. The bulge area is protected from immune attacks by immune privilege; however, recent studies demonstrated immune cells infiltrating the bulge area.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of the sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) in AA patients as markers of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and progenitor cells, respectively.
Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of SOX9 and CD34 was applied on skin samples of 20 AA patients and 20 healthy controls.
Results: SOX9 and CD34 were significantly lower in lesional samples of cases compared to perilesional and control skin biopsies. Furthermore, SOX9 level was negatively correlated with the severity of alopecia tool score (SALT score) among the studied AA patients. Moreover, lowered SOX9 expression was present in patients with recurrent attacks.
Conclusions: The significant reduction of stem cell markers (SOX9 and CD34) in our studied AA cases signifies the pathological affection of HFSCs and their progeny in AA. This is thought to cause a loss of competence in generating new hair in some AA cases, which needs to be validated in further research.
Limitations of the study: This study has a small sample size.
背景:斑秃(AA)是一种免疫介导的疾病,以暂时性、非瘢痕性脱发为特征。隆起区受到免疫特权的保护,免受免疫攻击;但最近的研究表明,免疫细胞浸润了隆起区:本研究旨在调查 AA 患者中性决定区 Y-box 9(SOX9)和分化簇 34(CD34)分别作为毛囊干细胞(HFSCs)和祖细胞标志物的免疫组化表达情况:方法:对20名AA患者和20名健康对照者的皮肤样本进行SOX9和CD34免疫组化染色:结果:与皮损周围和对照组皮肤活检样本相比,病例皮损样本中的 SOX9 和 CD34 水平明显较低。此外,在所研究的 AA 患者中,SOX9 水平与脱发严重程度工具评分(SALT 评分)呈负相关。此外,复发患者的SOX9表达也有所降低:结论:在我们研究的AA病例中,干细胞标志物(SOX9和CD34)明显减少,这表明AA患者的高频间充质干细胞及其后代发生了病理变化。研究的局限性:本研究的样本量较小。
{"title":"The value of immunohistochemical expression of SOX9 and CD34 in alopecia areata.","authors":"Heba A S Bazid, Alaa H Marae, Bassant Farag, Rania Abdallah Abdallah","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2383676","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2383676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alopecia areata (AA), an immune-mediated disorder, is marked by temporary, nonscarring hair loss. The bulge area is protected from immune attacks by immune privilege; however, recent studies demonstrated immune cells infiltrating the bulge area.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of the sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) in AA patients as markers of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and progenitor cells, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining of SOX9 and CD34 was applied on skin samples of 20 AA patients and 20 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SOX9 and CD34 were significantly lower in lesional samples of cases compared to perilesional and control skin biopsies. Furthermore, SOX9 level was negatively correlated with the severity of alopecia tool score (SALT score) among the studied AA patients. Moreover, lowered SOX9 expression was present in patients with recurrent attacks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The significant reduction of stem cell markers (SOX9 and CD34) in our studied AA cases signifies the pathological affection of HFSCs and their progeny in AA. This is thought to cause a loss of competence in generating new hair in some AA cases, which needs to be validated in further research.</p><p><strong>Limitations of the study: </strong>This study has a small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02Epub Date: 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2388614
Nadia ElMenshawy, Manal Ibrahim Fouda, Mohamed Mofreh, Heba Hisham El-Etriby, Manal O Elnenaei, Mohamed Eissa
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent yet incurable hematologic malignancy. Despite the proven efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in treating MM, resistance to Bortezomib-based treatments persists in a subset of patients. This case control study explores the potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as biomarkers for predicting response to Proteasome Inhibitor based therapy combined with Dexamethasone in MM patients. This study was conducted on 105 MM patients receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone therapy and 90 healthy individuals as a control group. Utilizing 8-color multi-parameter flow cytometry, we assessed the levels of circulating EPCs, identified through CD34 FITC and CD309 PE markers at diagnosis and after one treatment cycle (4 weeks). Our findings revealed that patients exhibiting poor response to therapy showed significantly higher CD34/CD309 values than those with a good response (p < 0.001). The delineation of response based on CD34/CD309 expression was established with a cutoff ≤ 0.9 for percentage (yielding 100% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity) and ≤ 12.5 for absolute value (also with 100% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity). These results underscore the potential of EPC population levels, as quantified by CD34/CD309, to serve as a predictive biomarker for immunomodulatory treatment in MM patients undergoing Proteasome Inhibitor and Dexamethasone therapy.
{"title":"Impact of CD34/CD309 expression in circulating endothelial progenitor cells on prognosis and response to bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma.","authors":"Nadia ElMenshawy, Manal Ibrahim Fouda, Mohamed Mofreh, Heba Hisham El-Etriby, Manal O Elnenaei, Mohamed Eissa","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2388614","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2388614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent yet incurable hematologic malignancy. Despite the proven efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in treating MM, resistance to Bortezomib-based treatments persists in a subset of patients. This case control study explores the potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as biomarkers for predicting response to Proteasome Inhibitor based therapy combined with Dexamethasone in MM patients. This study was conducted on 105 MM patients receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone therapy and 90 healthy individuals as a control group. Utilizing 8-color multi-parameter flow cytometry, we assessed the levels of circulating EPCs, identified through CD34 FITC and CD309 PE markers at diagnosis and after one treatment cycle (4 weeks). Our findings revealed that patients exhibiting poor response to therapy showed significantly higher CD34/CD309 values than those with a good response (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The delineation of response based on CD34/CD309 expression was established with a cutoff ≤ 0.9 for percentage (yielding 100% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity) and ≤ 12.5 for absolute value (also with 100% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity). These results underscore the potential of EPC population levels, as quantified by CD34/CD309, to serve as a predictive biomarker for immunomodulatory treatment in MM patients undergoing Proteasome Inhibitor and Dexamethasone therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02Epub Date: 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2376034
Rabiyah Al Adawiah, Apon Zaenal Mustopa, Sri Budiarti, Rifqiyah Nur Umami, Ai Hertati, Herman Irawan, Muh Chaeril Ikramullah, Arwansyah Arwansyah, Jendri Mamangkey, Isti Kartikasari, Huda Salahudin Darusman
The available prophylactic vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the market are only effective against specific types of HPV, rendering them ineffective for other types of HPV infections. The objective of this research is to investigate the stability of the recombinant protein constructed, namely chimeric L1/L2 protein from HPV type 52, with improved cross-neutralization ability. The 3D model, predicted using Alphafold, Robetta, I-Tasser, and refined with Galaxy Refinement, is validated using Ramachandran plot analysis. The stability is verified through molecular dynamics simulations, considering parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA, where stable conditions are observed. The chimeric L1/L2 protein from HPV type 52 is purified using affinity chromatography, and the His-tag is cleaved using SUMO protease to obtain pure chimeric protein with the size of ~ 55 kDa. Western blot analysis confirms binding to anti-L1 HPV type 52 polyclonal antibody. The obtained vaccine candidate can be utilized as an effective prophylactic vaccine against HPV.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation and purification of chimeric L1/L2 protein from <i>human papillomavirus</i> type 52 expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 (DE3).","authors":"Rabiyah Al Adawiah, Apon Zaenal Mustopa, Sri Budiarti, Rifqiyah Nur Umami, Ai Hertati, Herman Irawan, Muh Chaeril Ikramullah, Arwansyah Arwansyah, Jendri Mamangkey, Isti Kartikasari, Huda Salahudin Darusman","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2376034","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2376034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The available prophylactic vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the market are only effective against specific types of HPV, rendering them ineffective for other types of HPV infections. The objective of this research is to investigate the stability of the recombinant protein constructed, namely chimeric L1/L2 protein from HPV type 52, with improved cross-neutralization ability. The 3D model, predicted using Alphafold, Robetta, I-Tasser, and refined with Galaxy Refinement, is validated using Ramachandran plot analysis. The stability is verified through molecular dynamics simulations, considering parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA, where stable conditions are observed. The chimeric L1/L2 protein from HPV type 52 is purified using affinity chromatography, and the His-tag is cleaved using SUMO protease to obtain pure chimeric protein with the size of ~ 55 kDa. Western blot analysis confirms binding to anti-L1 HPV type 52 polyclonal antibody. The obtained vaccine candidate can be utilized as an effective prophylactic vaccine against HPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2397377
Adedayo O Faneye, Aisha Mustafa, Babatunde O Motayo, Adewale V Opayele, Kolawole O Akande
Background: Nigeria remains one of the countries with a high hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden in Africa. Reports have indicated the presence of mixed HBV genotypes in Nigeria; however, there is still paucity of data regarding mixed genotype infections particularly in the Southern part of the country.
Objective: Our aim is to determine the HBV genotype distribution among HBsAg-positive gastroenterology patients at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.
Method: Serum samples were screened for HBsAg by ELISA, and positive samples were genotyped by semi-nested multiplex PCR for HBV genotypes A, B, C, D, E and F.
Results: Data generated were analyzed in R-studio. A total of 81/90 (90%) of HBsAg-positive samples were successfully genotyped, and genotype A was most prevalent with 15.7%, while genotypes B and E were the least with 1.2% each. Genotypes A/C infection was the highest among mixed infections with 40% prevalence, while genotypes A/D were the least prevalent mixed infection with 4.8%.
Conclusion: We advocate for a comprehensive genotype analysis in larger cohorts across Nigeria, to give a more comprehensive understanding of the distribution and prevalence of different HBV genotypes population wide.
背景:尼日利亚仍然是非洲乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)负担较重的国家之一。有报告显示,尼日利亚存在混合型 HBV 基因型;然而,有关混合型基因型感染的数据仍然很少,尤其是在尼日利亚南部地区:我们的目的是确定尼日利亚伊巴丹大学学院医院 HBsAg 阳性肠胃病患者的 HBV 基因型分布情况:用 ELISA 对血清样本进行 HBsAg 检测,并用半嵌合多重 PCR 对阳性样本进行 HBV 基因型 A、B、C、D、E 和 F 的基因分型:用 R-studio 对生成的数据进行分析。共有 81/90 份(90%)HBsAg 阳性样本成功进行了基因分型,其中基因型 A 的感染率最高,为 15.7%,而基因型 B 和 E 的感染率最低,分别为 1.2%。在混合感染中,基因型 A/C 感染率最高,达 40%,而基因型 A/D 混合感染率最低,仅为 4.8%:我们主张在尼日利亚更大规模的队列中进行全面的基因型分析,以便更全面地了解不同 HBV 基因型在整个人群中的分布和流行情况。
{"title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of HBV from HBsAg positive patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.","authors":"Adedayo O Faneye, Aisha Mustafa, Babatunde O Motayo, Adewale V Opayele, Kolawole O Akande","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2397377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2024.2397377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nigeria remains one of the countries with a high hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden in Africa. Reports have indicated the presence of mixed HBV genotypes in Nigeria; however, there is still paucity of data regarding mixed genotype infections particularly in the Southern part of the country.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim is to determine the HBV genotype distribution among HBsAg-positive gastroenterology patients at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Serum samples were screened for HBsAg by ELISA, and positive samples were genotyped by semi-nested multiplex PCR for HBV genotypes A, B, C, D, E and F.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data generated were analyzed in R-studio. A total of 81/90 (90%) of HBsAg-positive samples were successfully genotyped, and genotype A was most prevalent with 15.7%, while genotypes B and E were the least with 1.2% each. Genotypes A/C infection was the highest among mixed infections with 40% prevalence, while genotypes A/D were the least prevalent mixed infection with 4.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We advocate for a comprehensive genotype analysis in larger cohorts across Nigeria, to give a more comprehensive understanding of the distribution and prevalence of different HBV genotypes population wide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional oral vaccine delivery in poultry is challenging due to vaccine degradation in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment and the need for cold-chain storage. Microencapsulation offers a solution by protecting vaccines from GI degradation and improving stability. Natural polymers like alginate and cashew gum have mucoadhesive properties, making them promising candidates for oral vaccine delivery. This study developed cashew-alginate microbeads and a powdered dose form for oral vaccine delivery in chickens. The microbeads were created using ionotropic gelation, while the powdered form was obtained via freeze-drying. These formulations were characterized for size, shape, and stability using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Peak adhesion time (PAT) was determined using chicken intestinal and esophageal tissues, and antigenicity was assessed with in-vitro hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. The microbeads exhibited a spherical shape with a porous structure, suggesting enhanced antigen accommodation. Hemagglutination Inhibition tests indicated that the experimental vaccine remained effective without cold-chain storage for three months. These findings suggest that cashew-alginate microbeads are promising for oral vaccine delivery in poultry.
由于疫苗在胃肠道 (GI) 环境中会降解,而且需要冷链储存,因此传统的家禽口服疫苗接种方式具有挑战性。微胶囊技术提供了一种解决方案,可保护疫苗免受胃肠道降解并提高稳定性。海藻酸盐和腰果胶等天然聚合物具有粘附性,因此很有希望用于口服疫苗的输送。本研究开发了腰果海藻酸盐微珠和粉末剂型,用于给鸡口服疫苗。微珠采用离子凝胶法制作,粉末则通过冷冻干燥法获得。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜、X 射线衍射(XRD)和能量色散 X 射线(EDX)对这些制剂的尺寸、形状和稳定性进行了表征。使用鸡肠道和食道组织测定了峰值粘附时间(PAT),并通过体外血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验评估了抗原性。微珠呈多孔结构的球形,表明抗原容纳性增强。血凝抑制测试表明,实验疫苗在不经过冷链储存的情况下,三个月内仍然有效。这些研究结果表明,腰果精酸微珠有望用于家禽口服疫苗。
{"title":"Development of cashew-alginate microbeads and powdered dose forms: prospects for oral vaccine delivery in chickens.","authors":"Olawale Olawumi Ola, Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe, Noble Kuntworbe, Michael Ayodele Odeniyi, Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre, Opeyemi Mayowa Onilude, Yaa Asantewaa Osei, Derrick Adu Asare","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2024.2393184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2024.2393184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional oral vaccine delivery in poultry is challenging due to vaccine degradation in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment and the need for cold-chain storage. Microencapsulation offers a solution by protecting vaccines from GI degradation and improving stability. Natural polymers like alginate and cashew gum have mucoadhesive properties, making them promising candidates for oral vaccine delivery. This study developed cashew-alginate microbeads and a powdered dose form for oral vaccine delivery in chickens. The microbeads were created using ionotropic gelation, while the powdered form was obtained via freeze-drying. These formulations were characterized for size, shape, and stability using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Peak adhesion time (PAT) was determined using chicken intestinal and esophageal tissues, and antigenicity was assessed with in-vitro hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. The microbeads exhibited a spherical shape with a porous structure, suggesting enhanced antigen accommodation. Hemagglutination Inhibition tests indicated that the experimental vaccine remained effective without cold-chain storage for three months. These findings suggest that cashew-alginate microbeads are promising for oral vaccine delivery in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}