Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry最新文献

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease indicated by joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes play an influential role in inflammation by affecting the invasion and degradation of anatomical barriers. In this way, the current study investigated the relationship between the MMP-9-1562C/T gene polymorphism and this enzyme's serum level in RA.

Methods: The serum levels of MMP-9 in RA patients and healthy controls were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RA was confirmed using rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Then the MMP-9-1562C/T gene polymorphism was analyzed utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Also, multivariate analysis investigated the connection between this polymorphism and the risk of RA.

Results: In this study, the increase of MMP-9 in patients due to the development of single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of this gene (-1562 C→T) was confirmed by increasing the frequency of heterozygous genotype (CT). Logistic regression analysis also demonstrated that the chance of development of RA is higher in people with CT/CC genotype than in other alleles.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that MMP-9-1562C/T gene polymorphism can play a significant role in the occurrence of RA.

Background: Now, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are promoted. tumour -Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are an essential component of immune-response in breast cancer(BC) with prognostic controversy. Additionally, their recruiting factors are still obscure. Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of CD163 and CD47 in BC of No Special Type (BC-NST) and to explore their suggested role in recruiting TAMs.

Material and methods: This immunohistochemical study was conducted on 91 archival specimens of breast cases. Immunoreactivity scores were correlated with TAMs density, clinicopathological data, and survival.

Results: Revealed the highest CD163 expression was detected in the pure DCIS group (p = 0.016), while the highest CD47 expression and high TAMs density were reported in the invasive group (p = 0.008, and p = 0.002 respectively) followed by the DCIS group. In IC-NSTs the CD163 and CD47 scores were associated with poor prognostic parameters like(high grade, advanced stage, distant metastasis, ER negativity,Ki67 index, post-surgical chemotherapy, poor NPI group, high mitotic count, dense infiltration of TAMs, shorter OS). Also, CD47 was associated with the dens infiltration of TAMs in DCIS (p = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between tumour cell expression of CD163 and CD47 in IC-NSTs and DCIS (p = 0.002 and p = 0.009 respectively).

Conclusions: High CD163 and CD47 expressions in both DCIS andIBC are intimately associated, significantly associated with poor prognosis and are important provoking factors of TAMs.

Single Chain Variable Fragment (scFv), a small fragment of antibody can be used to substitute the monoclonal antibody for diagnostic purposes. Production of scFv in Escherichia coli host has been a challenge due to the potential miss-folding and formation of inclusion bodies. This study aimed to express anti-CHIKV E2 scFv which previously designed specifically for Asian strains by co-expression of three chaperones that play a role in increasing protein solubility; GroEL, GroES, and Trigger Factor. The scFv and chaperones were expressed in Origami B E. coli host under the control of the T7 promoter, and purified using a Ni-NTA column. Functional assay of anti-CHIKV-E2 scFv was examined by electrochemical immunosensor using gold modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE), and characterized by differential pulses voltammetry (DPV) using K3[Fe(CN)6] redox system and scanning microscope electron (SEM). The experimental condition was optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The results showed that co-expression of chaperone increased the soluble scFv yield from 54.405 μg/mL to 220.097 µg/mL (~5×). Furthermore, scFv can be used to detect CHIKV-E2 in immunosensor electrochemistry with a detection limit of 0.74048 ng/mL and a quantification limit of 2,24388 ng/mL. Thus, the scFv-anti-CHIKV-E2 can be applied as a bioreceptor in another immunoassay method.

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH), an abnormal proliferation of the endometrial cells, is considered as one of the most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Previous studies have reported that melatonin plays a fundamental role in disease treatment. This study aimed the comparison of the effects of progesterone, as the most common therapeutic approach, and melatonin with progesterone alone in improvement of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NEH) and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Methods: Study population consisted of 40 patients with NEH. Patients were divided into two groups, including 20 subjects treated with melatonin and progesterone and 20 individuals treated with progesterone alone. The blood and endometrial sampling was performed from participants before and after a three-month treatment. The histological examination was microscopically done. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured using ELISA.

Results: There was no significant difference in the diabetes status and mean age between patients treated with progesterone and melatonin and those treated with progesterone alone. The improvement rate in the EH was significantly higher in individuals treated with progesterone and melatonin than those treated with progesterone alone (p < 0.05). Additionally, the patients treated with progesterone and melatonin showed significant increases inIFN-γ and TNF-αlevels compared to the control group (p < 0.001-P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Melatonin supplementation has a beneficial effect in the treatment of EH due perhaps to enhance the level of IFN-γ and TNF-α.

Objectives: This study aims to examine whether the genetic variants in the genes for Granzyme B (GZMB) and Interferon Induced with Helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) were associated with psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis, a papulosquamous skin disease, was initially thought of as a disorder primarily of epidermal keratinocytes but is now recognized as one of the most common immune-mediated disorders. It is caused by the interplay between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.

Subjects and methods: This case-control study has 65 participants with psoriasis and 65 healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to genotype GZMB (rs8192917) and IFIH1 (rs35667974).

Results: Genotype occurrence and allelic spreading for both SNPs are in Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype and allele distributions of rs35667974 showed no differences between the studied groups. Regarding rs8192917, compared to Group II, there is a statistically significant rise in the CC genotype and C allele in Group I. Higher PASI scores are detected in the C/C and C/T genotypes more than the T/T genotype. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that BMI, catalase, MDA, and rs8192917 (C/C) are associated with psoriasis.

Conclusion: GZMB rs8192917 was significantly related to psoriasis risk; its C allele is likewise associated with psoriasis vulnerability. However, our investigation found no link between rs35667974 and psoriasis.

Although a sizable number of pregnant women patronize Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) for deliveries in Nigeria, efforts to prevent or reduce the risk of HBV transmission are not targeted at the TBAs and the pregnant women patronizing them. This may be linked to the dearth of information on the serological profiles of HBV among this cohort. We, therefore, show the serological profiles of HBV among the cohort. One hundred and seventy pregnant women and 91 TBAs participated in this study between May and July 2019. Serological markers of HBV infection were assayed using ELISA. A prevalence of, 8.0% (95% CI: 5.0% - 11.5%) for HBsAg, 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0% - 1.9%) for HBeAg, 2.7% (95% CI: 0.8% - 5.0%) for HBcIgM, 26.1% (95% CI: 20.7% - 31.4%) for anti-HBs, 21.5% (95% CI: 16.5% - 25.4%) for anti-HBe and 67.0% (95% CI: 60.9% - 72.8%) for anti-HBc was found indicating a high percentage of carriers. Although 32 (12.3%) of the entire participants claimed to be fully vaccinated, serological evidence was only detected in 4 (12.5%). The high percentage of carriers and low evidence of vaccination necessitate intensified efforts to ensure that adequate interventions are made available and accessible to the TBAs and the pregnant women patronizing them (including newborn babies).

Dr. Henrik Sjögren after whom Sjögren's Syndrome is named, was a Swedish ophthalmologist who identified the syndrome which had three main symptoms namely, dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis. His contributions also highlighted the systemic complications of the syndrome which made our understanding of this disease better. Since then, there have been several studies on Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) of which two of them have changed the perception of the disease's prevalence. The first was a British study in the late 1990s which indicated this syndrome was no more a rare condition. The second is a 2008 study in the US which placed the syndrome as the second most prevalent autoimmune disease after rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Being one of the most prevalent autoimmune disease, there is a pressing need for a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the syndrome. This review endeavors to offer a comprehensive overview of the disease, encompassing its prevalence, manifestations, mechanisms, genetic factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. This review additionally offers the āyurvedic viewpoint on SS and its symptoms. This supplementary insight has the potential to contribute to the development of an integrated and holistic approach to managing the condition.

Rhinoviruses (RV) are the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are associated with exacerbation development as well as community-acquired pneumonia in children, leading to substantial morbidity, mortality, and hospital admission. Here we have examined how changes at the amino terminal of the conserved VP4 epitope of different RV serotypes may affect pulmonary cytokine and chemokine responses and disease severity. Samples positive for rhinovirus were used for genetic characterization, followed by profiling gene expression of pulmonary Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines by RT-PCR arrays. Genetic sequencing and homology 3D modeling revealed changes at the amino terminal of the conserved viral protein 4 (VP4) epitope in the RV-A101 serotype, especially serine at several positions that are important for interactive binding with the host immune cells. We found dysregulation of pulmonary gene expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines and chemokines in RV-A 101 and RV-C 8 pneumonia patients. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of RV immunity and the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of severe RV infections, but further functional studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship.